Indlela Yokuhlangabezana Nokufaneleka Komshayeli Wezindiza Wezentengiselwano

Isitifiketi somshayeli wendiza wezohwebo yilapho ukundiza kuba umsebenzi. Sikuvumela ukuthi ukhokhelwe imisebenzi yendiza efanelekile, kodwa akuyona ithikithi lendiza elizenzakalelayo. Ukuze uhlangabezane nokufaneleka komshayeli wendiza wezohwebo, udinga okungaphezu kwamahora okundiza. Udinga izitifiketi ezifanele, isu lezokwelapha lamanje, ukuqeqeshwa okunesiyalo, ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa kolwazi lwe-FAA, kanye nekhono lokuphumelela ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo okunzima.

Kubafundi abagxile emisebenzini yabo, isinyathelo esihlakaniphile kakhulu ukwakha zonke izilinganiso ngokulandelana okufanele kusukela osukwini lokuqala. Indlela esheshayo noma engahlelekile kahle ingadala izikhala ezibizayo kamuva, ikakhulukazi uma ufinyelela ekulungiseleleni ama-multi-engine, umqeqeshi, kanye ne-ATP. Uhlelo oluhlelekile lugcina umgomo ubonakala: isitifiketi sezentengiselwano kuqala, bese kuba yiziqu ezilindelwe yizindiza kanye nabaqhubi abangochwepheshe.

Okudingayo Ukuze Uhlangabezane Nokufaneleka Komshayeli Wezindiza Wezentengiselwano

I-FAA isungula izidingo eziyisisekelo zesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza yezohwebo. Ukuze uthole isitifiketi sokuhweba ngendiza, abafakizicelo ngokuvamile kumele okungenani babe neminyaka eyi-18 ubudala, bakwazi ukufunda, ukukhuluma, ukubhala, nokuqonda isiNgisi, futhi okungenani babe nesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza wangasese esigabeni nasekilasini elifanele.

Kumelwe futhi uqedele ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo emhlabeni nasekundizeni, uphumelele isivivinyo solwazi lomshayeli wendiza wezohwebo we-FAA, uthole izincomo ezifanele zomqeqeshi, futhi uphumelele isivivinyo esisebenzayo somshayeli wendiza wezohwebo, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-checkride. I-checkride ihlola okungaphezu kokuthi ungakwazi yini ukufika kahle. Umhloli uzohlola ukwenza kwakho izinqumo zezindiza, ukuhlela indiza, ukulawula izindiza, izinqubo eziphuthumayo, ukuzulazula, kanye nekhono lokusebenza ngokwezindinganiso zezentengiselwano.

Isitifiketi sezentengiselwano asisusi isidingo seziqu zezokwelapha eziqhubekayo. Abashayeli bezindiza abandizayo ukuze bathole isinxephezelo noma ukuqashwa ngokuvamile badinga isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lesibili se-FAA ngenkathi besebenzisa amalungelo okushayela izindiza. Ungase ukwazi ukuqala ukuqeqeshwa kwendiza ngaphambi kokuthola isitifiketi sezokwelapha sekilasi lesibili, kodwa abafundi ababhekene nomsebenzi kufanele basithole kusenesikhathi. Ukuthola inkinga yezokwelapha ngemva kokutshala isikhathi nemali eningi ekuqeqeshweni kuyinkinga umshayeli wezindiza ochwepheshe wesikhathi esizayo angayifuni.

Iminyaka kanye nesidingo solimi lwesiNgisi

Ubudala obuncane besitifiketi sokushayela izindiza kwezohwebo yi-18. Lokho akusho ukuthi udinga ukulinda kuze kube yi-18 ukuze uqale. Abafundi bangaqala ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kokushayela izindiza ngasese kusenesikhathi futhi bangase baqale bodwa ngaphambi kokuthola isitifiketi sangasese, kuye ngezidingo zeminyaka ye-FAA. Ukuqala kusenesikhathi kungafaka umfundi ozimisele ukufinyelela ukuqeqeshwa kwezohwebo ngemuva nje kokuhlanganisa iminyaka engu-18.

Ukwazi isiNgisi nakho kuyasebenza. Izindiza e-United States zisebenza ngesiNgisi, kusukela ekuxhumaneni kokulawula ithrafikhi yezindiza kuya ezivivinyweni ezibhaliwe ze-FAA, izincwadi zezindiza, kanye nezingxoxo zokuhlola. Abafundi bamazwe ngamazwe bangaphishekela ukuqeqeshwa kwe-FAA e-United States, kodwa kumele balungele ukuxhumana ngokunembile nangokuzethemba endaweni yezindiza.

Amahora Okundiza: Ingxenye 61 vs. Izidingo Zengxenye 141

Kwabaningi abashayeli bezindiza abafisayo, isikhathi sokundiza siwumbuzo omkhulu wokufaneleka. Ngaphansi komzila ojwayelekile we-FAA Part 61, umfakisicelo wesitifiketi sendiza eyodwa yebhizinisi ngokuvamile udinga okungenani amahora angu-250 esikhathi sokundiza. Lawo mahora kumele afake ulwazi oluthile, hhayi isikhathi esichithwa endizeni endaweni yakini.

Okuhlangenwe nakho okudingekayo kufaka phakathi isikhathi esiningi sokushayela umshayeli wendiza, isikhathi sokundiza unqamula izwe, ukuqeqeshwa kwezinsimbi, ukuqeqeshwa kokuqondisa kwezentengiselwano, kanye nolwazi lokuhamba wedwa noma umshayeli wendiza unqamula izwe. Indiza eyodwa ende edingekayo kufanele ihlangabezane nebanga le-FAA kanye nemigomo yokufika. Ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile kubalulekile, ngoba amahora angu-250 ewonke akuqinisekisi ukuthi uyafaneleka ukugibela indiza.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-FAA Ingxenye 141 kungashintsha i-equation. Abafundi ababhalisele inkambo yokushayela yezentengiselwano evunyelwe yi-FAA bangafaneleka ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esincishisiwe sesipiliyoni sezindiza ngoba ukuqeqeshwa kulandela uhlelo oluvunyiwe, oluhlelekile olunokuhlolwa kwesiteji kanye nezindinganiso zokuphothula izifundo. Isilinganiso esinqunyiwe sincike enkambweni evunyiwe kanye nesitifiketi esilandelwayo.

Lowo mehluko yingakho abafakizicelo abaqotho kungafanele baqhathanise izikole ngokusekelwe kuphela esilinganisweni sendiza sehora. Uhlelo oluhleliwe lweNgxenye 141 lunganikeza indlela esheshayo nelawulwa kakhulu kunokuhlanganisa izidingo zokuqeqeshwa kancane kancane ngaphansi kweNgxenye 61. Kuphinde kudale ukuziphendulela okucacile: uyazi ukuthi yisiphi isifundo, isigaba, kanye nesidingo esilandelayo.

I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy inikeza ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi kwe-FAA Part 141 okwakhelwe phezu kwalolu thuthuko oluhlelekile, okuhlanganisa nezinketho zokuhlola zezentengiselwano ezisheshayo zabafundi abafanelekayo. Umgomo awukona nje ukuqongelela isikhathi. Kuwukuqedela isikhathi esifanele, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokuhlolwa ngokulandelana okusekela umsebenzi wobungcweti wokundiza.

Kungani isilinganiso sezinsimbi kufanele size ngaphambi kokuqeqeshwa kwezentengiselwano

Isilinganiso sethuluzi asidingeki njalo ngokomthetho kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezentengiselwano, kodwa kubalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza abaningi abaphishekela umsebenzi wobungcweti. Sivumela umshayeli wendiza ukuthi asebenze ngaphansi kweMithetho Yokundiza Kwezinsimbi futhi sisusa imikhawulo emikhulu ehlobene nemisebenzi yezentengiselwano ezimweni ezingabonakali kahle.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuqeqeshwa kwezinsimbi kwakha ukuphathwa okunembile kanye nomsebenzi okudingekayo abashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano. Ufunda ukundiza ngokubhekisela kuzinsimbi, ukuphatha izindawo zokuphuma, ukuhlela ukushintshana, ukuhumusha isimo sezulu, futhi wenze izinqumo lapho umbono ongaphandle kwefasitela unganele. Izindiza, iminyango yezindiza yezinkampani, abaqhubi bezinkampani eziqashisayo, kanye nezindlela eziningi zomsebenzi balindele leli khono.

Ngaleso sizathu, ukulandelana okunamandla kakhulu komfundi ongasebenzi isikhathi eside kuvame ukuba umshayeli wendiza ozimele, ukulinganisa izinsimbi, injini eyodwa yezentengiselwano, injini yezentengiselwano eziningi, kanye nokuqeqeshwa komqeqeshi wezindiza. Kunezimo ezihlukile. Umshayeli wendiza osevele enesitifiketi sangasese, onolwazi lwangaphambili lwezempi, noma odinga iziqu ezithile zezentengiselwano zomsebenzi othile angalandela uhlelo oluhlukile. Kodwa umgomo wokugcina kufanele uqondise uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa.

Ukufaneleka Kwezokwelapha Kuyisinqumo Somsebenzi

Isitifiketi sezokwelapha sesigaba sesibili sivame ukubhekwa njengephepha. Lokho kuyiphutha. Kuyindawo yokuhlola umsebenzi.

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA kubuyekezwa izindawo ezifana nombono, ukuzwa, impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, imithi, umlando wempilo yengqondo, kanye nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha zangaphambilini. Abafakizicelo abaningi bayafaneleka ngaphandle kobunzima, futhi ezinye izimo zingaphathwa ngezinqubo ze-FAA. Noma kunjalo, ungacabangi ukuthi inkinga yezokwelapha izoxazululeka ngokwayo ngemva kokubhalisa.

Hlela ukuhlolwa ne-Aviation Medical Examiner ngaphambi kokwenza izibopho ezinkulu zezimali endleleni yokuhlolwa yobungcweti. Uma inkinga idinga amadokhumenti engeziwe noma ukukhishwa okukhethekile kwe-FAA, yixazulule kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abashintsha umsebenzi abangase babe nomlando omude wezokwelapha noma bathathe imithi kadokotela.

Khumbula ukuthi isitifiketi sezokwelapha sesigaba sesibili asihlali sisezingeni lesibili unomphela kuzo zonke izinjongo. Ubude baso kanye namalungelo esiwasekelayo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngeminyaka yakho kanye nohlobo lokundiza oluqhubayo. Umshayeli wendiza ochwepheshe uphatha isitifiketi sezokwelapha njengomthwalo wemfanelo oqhubekayo, hhayi ibhokisi elihlolwa kanye kuphela.

Izidingo Zokuqeqeshwa Ngaphandle Kwencwadi Yokubhalisa

Ukufaneleka kwezentengiselwano kwakhelwe encwadini yokubhalisa, kodwa i-FAA ilindele izinga eliphezulu lokwahlulela kunalelo elivela kumshayeli wendiza ozimele. Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, uzolungisa izindlela zokuqondisa ezifana nama-chandelle, ama-lazy eights, ama-eights kuma-pylon, ama-steep spirals, ukufika ngokunemba okungu-180-degree okucisha amandla, kanye nezinqubo eziphuthumayo. Lezi zindlela zokuqondisa zihlola ukuphathwa kwamandla, ukuxhumanisa, ukuhlela, kanye nokunemba.

Kuzodingeka futhi ubonise ukuthi uyayiqonda ingxenye yebhizinisi kanye neyomthetho yokundiza kwezentengiselwano. Lokho kufaka phakathi imithethonqubo elawula isinxephezelo noma ukuqashwa, ukwenza izinqumo zesimo sezulu, ukusebenza kwendiza, izici zezokwelapha emoyeni, isisindo kanye nebhalansi, kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenza. Ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kolwazi kuyadingeka. Ukusebenzisa lolo lwazi ngesikhathi sesimo sangempela ku-checkride yikho okufakazela ukuthi usukulungele.

Ukulungiselela okungcono kakhulu ukuqina kokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo. Amakhefu amade phakathi kwezifundo anganciphisa ikhono futhi angeze izindleko. Ukutholakala kwezindiza, ukuqhubeka komfundisi, isimo sezulu, ukulungiswa, kanye nokuhlela uhambo lokubheka konke kuthinta ukuthi uqeda ngokushesha kangakanani. Uhlelo olusheshisiwe lusebenza kahle kakhulu kubafundi abanganikela ngesikhathi, bafunde nsuku zonke, futhi baphathe ukuqeqeshwa njengomgomo wobungcweti wesikhathi esigcwele.

I-Checkride: Isinyathelo Sakho Sokugcina Sokufaneleka Komshayeli Wezohwebo

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwezentengiselwano, umqeqeshi wakho kumele anqume ukuthi uyahlangabezana nezidingo zesipiliyoni sezindiza ze-FAA futhi ulungele ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo. Uzogcwalisa isicelo, wethule umazisi wakho, izitifiketi, amadokhumenti ezokwelapha njengoba kufanele, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kolwazi, izincomo ze-logbook, kanye namarekhodi okuqeqeshwa.

Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo kufaka phakathi ingxenye yomlomo kanye nengxenye yendiza. Lindela imibuzo esekelwe ezimweni ezithile kunokuba ukhumbule kalula. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uhlele indiza yezentengiselwano, uhlole isimo sezulu, ubale ukusebenza, uchaze imithethonqubo, ukhombe ubungozi, futhi wenze isinqumo sokuzivikela sokuhamba noma sokungahambi. Endizeni, indinganiso iwukundiza okunembile, okuphephile, kanye nobungcweti.

Yilapho ingqalasizinda yesikole ibaluleke khona. Izinhlelo ezinezindiza ezithembekile, amarekhodi ahlelekile, ukuqeqeshwa okujwayelekile, kanye nekhono lokuhlola ngaphakathi kunganciphisa ukungqubuzana kweshejuli okungagwenywa. Ukugxila kwakho kufanele kuhlale lapho kufanele khona: ukulungiselela ukusebenza ngezindinganiso zezentengiselwano.

Yakha Ukufaneleka Ucabanga Ngomsebenzi Ngemva Kwezentengiselwano

Isitifiketi sezentengiselwano sivula iminyango, kodwa iningi labashayeli bezindiza abasha bezentengiselwano kusadingeka bakhe ulwazi ngaphambi kokufanelekela izikhundla zesikhulu sezindiza. Ukufundiswa ngendiza kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu nezisebenzayo zokuthola ulwazi lokundiza olukhokhelwayo, yingakho abafundi abaningi abafundela umsebenzi beqhubeka ngqo nokuqeqeshwa kwe-Certified Flight Instrument Instrument.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwezinjini eziningi kungenye isinyathelo esilandelayo esibalulekile. Isilinganiso sezinjini eziningi zezentengiselwano sibonisa ukuthi ungasebenzisa izindiza eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi sikulungiselele izidingo zesikhathi sezinjini eziningi ezivamile ezindizeni zezindiza kanye nasezindleleni zokundiza zobungcweti. Ukusuka lapho, umgomo wesikhathi eside ngokuvamile ukufaneleka kwe-ATP kanye nezindinganiso zokuqasha izindiza.

Qala ngokuthola udokotela wezokwelapha wekilasi lesibili, ukhethe uhlelo oluhambisana neshejuli yakho kanye nezinga lesipiliyoni, bese uzibophezela ochungechungeni lokuqeqeshwa olungashiyi izilinganiso ezibalulekile kuze kube kamuva. Isitifiketi sezentengiselwano siyingqophamlando enkulu, kodwa uhlelo olufanele luguqula leyo ngqophamlando ibe umfutho womsebenzi we-cockpit oze ukuzowuthola endizeni.