Isivinini sejethi siyisihloko esithakaselwa kakhulu hhayi kuphela kubathandi bezindiza nezingcweti kodwa nakubahambi abafisa ukwazi. Isivinini sezindiza zezentengiselwano sinomthelela omkhulu ezicini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nesikhathi sokuhamba, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, izintengo zamathikithi, kanye nolwazi oluphelele lwendiza. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uhlinzeka ngokuhlola okujulile kwesivinini se-jet, ehlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nesivinini sezindiza zezentengiselwano.
Ukuqonda Izindiza Zezohwebo
Izindiza zezentengiselwano ziyizimangaliso zobunjiniyela besimanje. Zenzelwe ukuthutha amakhulu abagibeli amabanga amade ngesivinini esikhulu. Ijubane lalezi zindiza—ezivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi isivinini sendiza yazo—kuyisici esibalulekile esithonya ukusebenza kwazo, ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwazo.
Ijubane lendiza yezindiza ezihwebayo liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwendiza, ukwakheka kwayo, nezinjini zayo. Isibonelo, izindiza ezinomzimba omncane njenge Boeing 737 noma Airbus A320 ngokuvamile zihamba ngesivinini esingaba ngu-0.78 kuya ku-0.82 Mach, kuyilapho izindiza ezinomzimba obanzi njenge-Boeing 747 noma i-Airbus A380 zingafinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-0.85 kuya ku-0.89 Mach.
Ukunquma isivinini sejethi sezindiza zezentengiselwano akuwona umsebenzi oqondile. Kubandakanya izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezilinganiso, kucatshangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene njengokuphakama, isivinini somoya, nokuphonseka.
Izici Ezithinta Isivinini SeJet
Ukuphakama:
I-Altitude idlala indima ebalulekile ejubaneni lezindiza zezentengiselwano. Njengoba indiza ikhuphukela ezindaweni eziphakeme, umoya uba uminyene kancane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi indiza ibhekana nokumelana okuncane, okuyenza ikwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esiphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni eziphakeme, izinga lokushisa liyancipha, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinjini zendiza futhi zikwazi ukudonsa ngamandla.
Nokho, ukundiza ezindaweni eziphakeme nakho kunezinselele. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuminyana komoya okuncishisiwe kusho ukuthi izimpiko zendiza zikwazi ukukhuphuka kancane, okudinga isivinini esisheshayo ukuze kugcinwe ukundiza okulinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya omncane ezindaweni eziphakeme ungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni nasekunethezekeni kwabagibeli nabasebenzi.
Isiqondiso Somoya/Isivinini
Ukuqondiswa komoya kanye nesivinini nakho kunomthelela omkhulu esivinini sejethi. Umoya ovunguzayo—umoya ovunguza ngokuqondile lapho indizela khona—unganciphisa isivinini sendiza, wandise isikhathi sokuhamba kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivunguvungu somsila—umoya ovunguza ubheke ngalapho indizela khona—ungasheshisa indiza, unciphise isikhathi sokuhamba nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
I-Trust Ephelele
I-Total thrust ibhekisela emandleni ahlanganisiwe akhiqizwa izinjini zendiza ukuze iyiqhubekisele phambili. Lapho izinjini zendiza zikwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amaningi, yilapho ikwazi ukundiza ngokushesha. Nokho, ukukhiqiza i-thrust eyengeziwe kusebenzisa uphethiloli owengeziwe, okungaba nomthelela ekongeni kwezindleko zendiza.
Ukulinganisa Isivinini Sendiza
I-Airspeed Ekhonjisiwe (IAS)
I-Airspeed Ekhonjisiwe (IAS) isivinini esiboniswa kunkomba yesivinini sendiza. Yijubane lomoya elihlobene nomoya ozungezile, likalwa endaweni yendiza. Kodwa-ke, i-IAS ayinaki isivinini somoya noma isiqondiso, futhi ayicabangi izinguquko ekuminyana komoya ngenxa yezinguquko zokuphakama noma izinga lokushisa.
I-True Airspeed (TAS)
I-True Airspeed (TAS) isivinini sendiza esihlobene nomoya endiza ngawo. Ngokungafani ne-IAS, i-TAS icabangela izinguquko zokuminyana komoya ngenxa yezinguquko zokuphakama nokushisa. Nokho, njenge-IAS, i-TAS ayibheki isivinini somoya noma isiqondiso.
I-Groundspeed (GS)
I-Groundspeed (GS) isivinini sendiza esihlobene nomhlabathi. Ngokungafani ne-IAS ne-TAS, i-GS icabangela umphumela wesivinini somoya nesiqondiso. I-GS isivinini abagibeli abavame ukubhekisela kuso uma bekhuluma ngokuthi indiza indiza ngesivinini esingakanani.
I-Airspeed Elinganiselwe (CAS)
I-Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) i-IAS ilungiselwe amaphutha ensimbi kanye noshintsho kumfutho womoya ngenxa yezinguquko zokuphakama nokushisa.
I-Mach
I-Mach isilinganiso sesivinini esihlobene nesivinini somsindo. Indiza endizayo ku-Mach 1 ihamba ngesivinini somsindo. Izindiza zezentengiselwano ngokuvamile zihamba ngesivinini esingaba ngu-Mach 0.8 ukuya ku-Mach 0.9.
Imikhawulo Yesivinini Sezindiza Ezidumile
Boeing 747
I-Boeing 747, eyaziwa nangokuthi “iNdlovukazi Yesibhakabhaka,” iyindiza enomzimba obanzi ekwazi ukuthwala amakhulukhulu abagibeli ebangeni elide. Inesivinini esikhulu sokuhamba ngomkhumbi esingaba ngu-Mach 0.85.
Boeing 737
I-Boeing 737 iyindiza enomzimba omncane ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa izindiza ezimfushane, zasekhaya. Inesivinini esikhulu sokuhamba ngomkhumbi esingaba ngu-Mach 0.78.
Airbus A380
I-Airbus A380 iyindiza enkulu yabagibeli emhlabeni. Iyindiza enezitezi ezimbili, enomzimba obanzi engathwala abagibeli abangaphezu kuka-800. Ijubane layo elikhulu lokuhamba ngomkhumbi lilinganiselwa ku-Mach 0.85.
Isivinini Esihlukahlukene Ngesikhathi Sendiza
Suka
Ngesikhathi sokusuka, izindiza zezentengiselwano ngokuvamile zifinyelela isivinini esingaba ngu-150 kuya ku-180 amafindo (cishe amamayela angu-170 kuya kwangu-207 ngehora).
Ukuhamba ngesikebhe
Ngenkathi zihamba ngomkhumbi ezindaweni eziphakeme, izindiza zezentengiselwano zivame ukuhamba ngesivinini esingaba ngu-Mach 0.8 ukuya ku-Mach 0.9 (cishe amamayela angu-600 kuya kwangu-680 ngehora).
Landing
Ngesikhathi sokuhlala, izindiza zezentengiselwano ngokuvamile zehla ziye esivinini esingaba ngu-140 kuya ku-160 amafindo (cishe amamayela angu-161 kuya kwangu-184 ngehora).
Isivinini Sezinhlobo Ezihlukene Zezindiza
AmaJets azimele
Amajethi angasese avame ukushesha kunezindiza zezentengiselwano. Bangakwazi ukundiza ezindaweni eziphakeme, lapho umoya umncane futhi unikeza ukumelana okuncane, okubenza bakwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esiphezulu.
Izindiza Zezempi
Izindiza zempi zenzelwe ukuthi zisheshe futhi zisheshise. Izindiza zokulwa, ngokwesibonelo, zingafinyelela isivinini esingaphezu kuka-Mach 2.
Injini eyodwa
Izindiza ezinenjini eyodwa ngokuvamile zihamba kancane kune izindiza ezinezinjini eziningi. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa izindiza ezimfushane ezindaweni eziphansi.
Umthelela Wendiza Enkulu
Ukundiza okunamandla amakhulu—okundiza ngokushesha kunejubane lomsindo—kunamandla okuguqula ukuhamba komoya ngokunciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokuhamba. Kodwa-ke, iphinde ibe nezinselelo ezinjengokwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukungcoliswa komsindo, nokudala ama-sonic booms.
Iqhaza Lokusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko
Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kuyisici esibalulekile endizeni yezentengiselwano. Izinkampani zezindiza zilwela ukusebenzisa izindiza zazo ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze zigcine amanani amathikithi ephansi futhi zigcine inzuzo. Ngakho-ke, kumelwe balinganisele isifiso sejubane eliphezulu lejethi nesidingo sokulondoloza uphethiloli nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.
Ikusasa Lesivinini SeJet
Ikusasa lesivinini sejethi liyathembisa, njengoba intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe nobunjiniyela ivumela izindiza zezentengiselwano ukuthi zindize ngokushesha nangempumelelo kakhudlwana. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza lezi ntuthuko kuzodinga ukunqoba izinselele ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezindiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokunethezeka kwabagibeli.
Sengiphetha, isivinini sejethi siyisihloko esithakazelisayo nesiyinkimbinkimbi. Ziwumphumela wezici ezihlukahlukene futhi zinendima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokugcina izindleko zokuhamba ngendiza. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, singabheka phambili ekusaseni lokuhamba ngendiza okusheshayo, okuphumelelayo, nokusimeme kakhudlwana.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda isivinini sejethi akukhona nje ukwazi ukuthi indiza ingandiza ngesivinini esingakanani. Kumayelana nokuqonda izici ezihlukahlukene ezithonya lezi zivinini nokuthi zidlala kanjani ukuze kunqunywe isivinini esiphelele sendiza ngayinye. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, singalindela ukubona izinguquko esivinini se-jet, okungenzeka siholele ekuhambeni kwendiza okushesha nokusebenza kahle kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
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