Izindiza Zindiza Kakhulu Kangakanani: Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina Wezinto Ezi-4 Eziyinhloko

Ukuphakama kwendiza kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo nenjongo. Amajethi ezentengiselwano avamise ukundiza phakathi kwamamitha angu-35,000 nezingu-40,000 kuyilapho amajethi angasese angafinyelela ku-51,000 izinyawo. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza izinto ezine eziyinhloko ezinquma ukuphakama kwendiza futhi ubonisa ukuthi ubude buthinta kanjani ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, isivinini, nokuphepha kwabagibeli.

Izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani? Izindiza zezentengiselwano zivame ukuhamba phakathi kwamamitha angu-35,000 nezingu-40,000, kuyilapho izindiza ezizimele zihlala ziphansi kanti amajethi ezempi angadlula amafidi angu-50,000.

Ukuqonda impendulo yokuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani kudinga ukwazi ukuthi kungani i-altitude ibalulekile kwezondiza. Phezulu ukuphakama zinikeza umoya omncane onciphisa ukudonsa futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, kodwa izindiza kufanele zilinganise amandla okusebenza nezimfuneko zokuphepha kanye nemikhawulo yokulawula ukuhamba kwezindiza.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi yini enquma ukuphakama kohambo lwezinhlobo zezindiza ezihlukene nokuthi kungani abashayeli bezindiza bekhetha amazinga athile endiza. Uzofunda isayensi ngezinqumo zokuphakama kokuphakama nokuthi izici ezifana nesimo sezulu, isisindo, nebanga lomzila zithinta kanjani lapho indiza yakho isebenza khona ngempela.

Izindiza Zindiza Kakhulu Kangakanani: Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo Kokuphakama Kwendiza

Ukuphakama kwendiza kubhekisela ebangeni eliqondile lendiza ukusuka endaweni yoMhlaba.

Lesi silinganiso sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphepheni kwezindiza, ukusebenza kwendiza, nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Amajethi ezentengiselwano avamise ukundiza phakathi kwamamitha angu-35,000 nezingu-40,000 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Kulezi zindawo eziphakeme, izindiza zisebenza ngaphezu kwezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu nezinhlelo zezulu ezinkulu.

Izindiza ezincane zisebenza ezindaweni eziphansi. Okuyimfihlo indiza enenjini eyodwa futhi ama-turboprop ebhizinisi ngokuvamile andizela phakathi kwamafidi angu-10,000 nezingu-25,000 ngaphezu kwezinga eliphansi. Izindiza zamasosha zingafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu kunezindiza zabantu. Amajethi okulwa asebenza ngokujwayelekile kumamitha angama-50,000 noma ngaphezulu.

Ukuphakama indiza endizela ngakho akunasizathu. Izinto eziningi zinquma izinga elilungile lendiza okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwendiza, izimo zezulu, ukulawulwa kwezimoto ezindiza izidingo, kanye nemizila yendiza ehleliwe.

Ukuqonda ukuthi izindiza ziphakeme kangakanani kudinga ukuhlola lezi zici ezixhumene. Ngayinye idlala indima ethile ekunqumeni ukuthi indiza isebenza kuphi ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.

Ukuvela Kokuphakama Kwendiza

Amakhono okuphakama kwezindiza akhule ngokuphawulekayo kusukela kwaqala ukundiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bokuqala babhekana nemingcele enzima izindiza zanamuhla eziye zayinqoba ngokuphelele.

Izindiza ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 zazingakwazi ukufinyelela amamitha angu-10,000. Abashayeli bezindiza babezabalaza ezindlini zokusebenzela ezivulekile ezinamakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha nomoya omncane oyingozi. Izindiza zokuqala zamabhaluni ngo-1783 zabonisa ukuthi kungaba nzima kangakanani ukundiza endaweni ephakeme kubashayeli bezindiza abangabantu.

Okuqanjwe okubalulekile okuningana kuguqule amandla okuphakama phakathi namashumi eminyaka:

Ukucindezelwa kwekhabhinethi kwaguqula izindiza zezentengiselwano ngeminyaka yawo-1930 kanye nawo-1940. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela abagibeli ukuthi bandize ngokukhululeka ezindaweni eziphakeme ngaphandle kwezifihla-buso zomoya-mpilo. Izinjini ze-turbofan ze-high-bypass zithuthukise amakhono okuphakama ngenkathi zikhulisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.

Izindiza zezentengiselwano manje sezihamba njalo phakathi kwamamitha angu-31,000 nezingu-42,000. Lobu bubanzi bumele ibhalansi efanele yokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, ukuphepha, nokuphathwa kwethrafikhi yendiza. Izinjini ze-jet zisebenza kahle kakhulu kulezi zindawo eziphakeme lapho ukumelana komoya kuncipha kakhulu.

Izinto ezithuthukisiwe ezihlanganisa izakhiwo eziyinhlanganisela ne-carbon fibre zivumela indiza ukuthi ifike ngokuphephile kulezi zindawo zokuphakama. Amasistimu esimanje okushayela ngokuzenzakalelayo alawula ukusebenza kokuphakama okuphezulu ngokunemba ababengeke bakucabange abandiza bakuqala.

Izindiza Zindiza Kakhulu Namuhla: Amazinga Amanje Okuphakama

Izindiza zesimanje zisebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lokuphakama elichazwe ngokucacile elisungulwe emashumini eminyaka entuthuko. Izindiza zezentengiselwano zilandela izindinganiso ezithile ezilinganisela ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nezimfuneko zokusebenza.

Nawa ububanzi obujwayelekile bokuphakama obuhlukile izinhlobo zezindiza:

• Izindiza zezentengiselwano: 31,000 - 42,000 izinyawo
• Amajethi azimele: 41,000 - 51,000 izinyawo
• Amasosha ezempi: 50,000 - 65,000 izinyawo
• Izindiza ezizimele ezincane: 10,000 - 25,000 izinyawo
• Izindiza ze-Turboprop: 20,000 - 30,000 izinyawo

Izindiza eziningi zezentengiselwano zisebenza phakathi kwebanga lezinyawo ezingama-31,000 kuya kwezingu-42,000 ukuze zisebenze kahle. Ukuphakama okuphezulu okuvunyelwe emhlabeni wonke kwezindiza ezijwayelekile zezentengiso kufinyelela kumafidi angama-42,000.

Amakhono endiza ayahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngomklamo nenjongo. Amajethi ahamba isikhathi eside njenge-Boeing 777 angafinyelela ku-43,100 amafidi kuyilapho amajethi esifunda amancane evame ukuhamba ngomkhumbi ngamamitha angu-35,000 kuya ku-38,000.

Imikhawulo yokusebenza incike ezintweni eziningi ezingaphezu kwamandla aphezulu. Isisindo sendiza sithinta kakhulu ukuphakama okungafinyeleleka njengoba imithwalo esindayo idinga ukuphakanyiswa okwengeziwe namandla enjini.

Izinto Ezine Eziyinhloko Ezinquma Ukuthi Izindiza Eziphakeme Zindiza Kanjani

Izinqumo zokuphakama kwendiza zincike ezintweni ezine ezixhumene abashayeli bezindiza kanye izilawuli zethrafikhi yezindiza kumele ibhalansise. Ukuqonda lezi zici kuchaza ukuthi kungani izindiza zisebenza ezindaweni eziphakeme ngezigaba ezihlukene zokundiza.

Izinto ezine eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Umklamo wezindiza
• Izimo zezulu
• Ukulawulwa kwethrafikhi yezindiza
• Imizila yendiza

Idizayini yendiza isungula amandla aphezulu kanye nemikhawulo yokusebenza yohlobo lwendiza ngayinye. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwamaphiko, amandla enjini, ubuqotho besakhiwo, namasistimu okucindezela.

Izimo zezulu zithonya ukukhetha okuphezulu kokuphakama okusekelwe ezingeni lokushisa, amaphethini omoya, nokucindezela komkhathi. Abashayeli bezindiza balungisa amazinga endiza ukuze bagweme omawala kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.

Ukulawulwa kwethrafikhi yendiza kunikeza amazinga athile endiza ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlukana okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza. Imizila yendiza inquma izimfuneko zokuphakama kokuphakama ngokusekelwe kundawo, ibanga, nezidingo zokusebenza.

Isici 1: Idizayini Yendiza kanye Nendima Yayo Ekuphakameni Kwendiza

Idizayini yendiza inquma amandla aphezulu okuphakama ngokusebenzisa ukucaciswa kwesakhiwo nokusebenza. Izakhi zedizayini ezihlukene zisebenza ndawonye ukuze kusungulwe usilingi osebenzayo wohlobo ngalunye lwendiza.

Nazi izinto ezibalulekile zedizayini ezithinta ikhono lokuphakama:

Idizayini yamaphiko iba bucayi ezindaweni eziphakeme lapho umoya omncane wenza ukukhiqiza ama-lift kube inselele. Amaphiko amakhulu noma isivinini esiphezulu siyadingeka ukuze unikeze ukuphakama okufanayo emoyeni omncane omncane.

Uhlobo lwenjini luthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kokuphakama njengoba izinjini zejethi zidinga umoya-mpilo ukuze zishiswe. Okukhipha amandla kwehla kakhulu njengoba ukuminyana komoya kwehla ezindaweni eziphakeme.

Ubuqotho besakhiwo sezindiza bukhawulela ukuthi izindiza eziphakeme zingandiza ngokuphephile. I-fuselage kufanele imelane nokuhluka kwengcindezi phakathi kwekhabhinethi nomoya wangaphandle.

Isici sesi-2: Ukuthi Izimo Zezulu Ziyithinta Kanjani Indlela Izindiza Eziphakeme Ezindiza Ngayo

Amaphethini wesimo sezulu anethonya elikhulu ezinqumweni zokuphakama kwendiza kuyo yonke indiza. Abashayeli bezindiza balungisa amazinga endiza ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza futhi bagcine ukuphepha kwabagibeli ekushintsheni izimo zomkhathi.

Izinga lokushisa lithinta ukusebenza kwenjini kanye nokuphakama okuhle kokuhamba ngomkhumbi. Amazinga okushisa abandayo angabangela amaphutha e-altimeter kuyilapho izimo ezifudumele zehlisa ukuminyana komoya nokusebenza kahle kwenjini.

Ukuqonda ukuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani kudinga ukuhlola amaphethini omoya ezindaweni ezihlukene zokuphakama. Ezindaweni eziphakeme, izindiza zisebenzisa imifudlana ye-jet ukuze zikhuphule isivinini esiphansi futhi zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Ukugwema isimo sezulu kudinga ukuqapha nokulungiswa kokuphakama okuqhubekayo. Ukunquma ukuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani kuhlanganisa nokuhlola isiphithiphithi, izimo zeqhwa, nomsebenzi wokuduma kwezulu emzileni.

Isici sesi-3: Ukulawulwa Kwethrafikhi Yomoya kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezinga Lendiza

Ukulawulwa kwethrafikhi yomoya kulawula ukuhlukaniswa kwezindiza ngokusebenzisa izabelo zokuphakama ezinembile. Lolu hlelo luvimbela ukungqubuzana futhi lugcina ukugeleza okuhlelekile kwethrafikhi yendiza kuwo wonke amazinga endiza.

Nazi izimfuneko ezijwayelekile zokuhlukanisa eziqondile:

Indiza endizela ngaphansi Imithetho Yezindiza Zezinsimbi kufanele igcine ubuncane bokuhlukaniswa obuqondile obuqondile. Indiza egunyazwe i-RVSM igcina ukwahlukana okungamafidi angu-1,000 phakathi kwe-FL290 ne-FL410.

Izabelo ezisuselwe eziqondisweni zisiza abalawuli ukuphatha ukugeleza kwethrafikhi ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Izindiza eziya eMpumalanga zisebenzisa amazinga endiza angajwayelekile kuyilapho izindiza eziya entshonalanga zisebenzisa ngisho namaleveli endiza.

Izinhlelo zesimanje zokulawulwa kwethrafikhi zisebenzisa ukuxhumana okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlukana okuphephile. Lawa masistimu avumela izindiza ukuthi zabelane ngedatha yendawo futhi zishintshisane ngezinhlelo zendiza ngedijithali.

Isici sesi-4: Imizila Yendiza kanye Nethonya Layo Ekuphakameni

Imizila yendiza inquma ngokuphawulekayo izimfuneko zokuphakama kokuphakama ngokusekelwe kusimo sezwe nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza. Ukuhlela umzila kucabangela izici eziningi ezithinta lapho indiza ingasebenza ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.

Ukucatshangelwa komzila okubalulekile kuhlanganisa:

• Izidingo zokususwa kwendawo
• Imithetho ye-airspace yamazwe ngamazwe
• Amathuba okuthuthukisa amafutha
• Ukugwema iphethini yesimo sezulu
• Isikhathi sokugibela isinyathelo

Imithetho yezokundiza yamazwe ngamazwe idinga ukuthi indiza indize ezindaweni ezithile ezisekelwe lapho indiza. Imizila edlula endaweni enezintaba idinga ukuphakama okuncane okuphakeme ukuze kususwe ukuphepha.

Ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kuba ngcono njengoba indiza ishisa uphethiloli futhi iba lula phakathi nendiza. Abashayeli bezindiza bacela isinyathelo sokukhuphuka baye ezindaweni eziphakeme njengoba isisindo sincipha kulo lonke uhambo.

Ukuhlela umzila kulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli namaphethini wesimo sezulu ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene. Ukukhethwa komzila wamaqhinga nokuphakama kwe-altitude kunganciphisa izindleko zikaphethiloli ngamaphesenti ambalwa ezindizeni ezinde.

Kungani Izindiza Zindiza Ngamamitha angu-35,000?

Izindiza zezentengiselwano zihlala zihamba ngamamitha angu-35,000 ngoba lokhu kuphakama kunikeza ibhalansi efanelekile yezinto zokusebenza. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani izindiza zisebenza kule ndawo ephakeme kuveza ubunjiniyela obucophelelayo bokundiza kwesimanjemanje.

Nakhu ukuthi kungani izinyawo ezingu-35,000 zilungele indiza yezentengiso:

1. Ukusebenza Kwezibaseli

Umoya omncane ongamamitha angu-35,000 wehlisa ukudonsa kwe-aerodynamic endizeni. Ukumelana okuncane kusho ukuthi izinjini zishisa uphethiloli omncane kakhulu ukuze zigcine isivinini sokuhamba.

2. Ukusebenza Kwenjini

Izinjini zamajethi zisebenza kahle kakhulu emoyeni omncane otholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ukuminyana komoya okuncishisiwe kuvumela indiza ukuthi ifinyelele izilinganiso zokuphonsela kuphethiloli ezifanele.

3. Ukugwema Isiyaluyalu

Iningi lezinhlelo zesimo sezulu kanye nesiyaluyalu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-30,000. Ukundiza ngamamitha angu-35,000 kugcina indiza ingaphezulu kwalezi ziphazamiso ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthe xaxa lwabagibeli.

4. Air Density Sweet Spot

Ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-35,000 kumele ukuyekelela phakathi kokuningi kakhulu nokuncane kakhulu komoya. Kukhona umoya owanele wokushiswa kwenjini kuyilapho ukudonsa kuhlala kuncane.

Lokhu kuphakama okukhethwe ngokucophelela kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle ngenkathi kugcinwa amazinga okuphepha. Izinkampani zezindiza zonga izigidi zezindleko zikaphethiloli minyaka yonke ngokusebenza kuleli zinga lendiza elithuthukiswe ngokwesayensi.

Izindiza Zindiza Kakhulu: AmaJethi Ezentengiselwano vs AmaJethi Azimele

Amajethi ezentengiselwano namajethi angasese asebenza ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu zokuphakama. Lo mehluko usukela ekwakhiweni kwendiza, izidingo zokusebenza, namandla okusebenza.

Amajethi Ezentengiselwano

Izindiza zezentengiselwano zivame ukuhamba phakathi kwamamitha angu-30,000 nezingu-42,000 ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile. I-Boeing 737 ne-Airbus A320 zisebenza ku-35,000 kuya ku-38,000 wamafidi emizileni eminingi.

Izindiza ezidonsa isikhathi eside njenge-Boeing 777 ne-Airbus A350 zingafinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-43,100. Lawa majethi amakhulu akhuphukela phezulu njengoba eshisa uphethiloli futhi abelula ngesikhathi sokundiza.

Izinkampani zezindiza zezentengiselwano zikhetha lezi zindawo eziphakeme ukuze zilinganisele ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli nomthamo wabagibeli. Ibanga lamafidi angu-30,000 kuya ku-42,000 linikeza ukusebenza kwenjini okuphelele kuyilapho lihlalisa amakhulu abagibeli ngokuphepha.

AmaJets azimele

Amajethi angasese ajwayele ukundiza phezulu kunezindiza zezentengiselwano eziningi ezifinyelela ku-45,000 kuya ku-51,000 wamafidi. I-Gulfstream G650 kanye ne-Bombardier Global 7500 zingasebenza kumamitha angu-51,000 ukuphakama.

Amandla okuphakama okuphezulu anikeza izindiza ezizimele izinzuzo ezimbalwa zokusebenza. Bagwema ithrafikhi yezentengiso, bahlangabezana nesiphithiphithi esincane, futhi bafinyelele izinketho eziqondile zomzila.

Izindiza ezizimele zifinyelela lezi zimo ngohlelo oluthuthukisiwe lokucindezela nezinjini ezinamandla ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi wazo. Imithwalo emincane yabagibeli kanye namavolumu amancane ekhabethe avumela lawa majethi ukuthi akhuphukele ngaphezu kwamazinga endiza yezentengiso.

Indlela i-Altitude ethinta ngayo isivinini kanye nokushiswa kwamafutha

Ukuphakama kwendiza kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli nesivinini esiphansi kuyo yonke indiza. Ukuqonda ukuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani nokuthi kungani zikhetha ukuphakama okuthile kuchaza ukusebenza kahle kohambo lomkhumbi.

Ukuphakama okuphezulu kunciphisa ukushiswa kukaphethiloli ngokuncipha kokudonsa kwe-aerodynamic. Umoya omncane ongamamitha angu-35,000 kuya ku-40,000 uvumela indiza ukuthi igcine isivinini kuyilapho idla uphethiloli omncane.

Amaphethini omoya ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene athinta kakhulu isivinini somhlaba kanye nengqikithi yezidingo zikaphethiloli. Ukusakaza kwe-Jet ezindaweni eziphakeme kungakhuphula isivinini saphansi ngamafindo angu-100 noma ngaphezulu emizileni efanelekayo.

Ukunquma ukuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa izinguquko zesisindo nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli ngesikhathi sohambo. Abashayeli bezindiza bacela isinyathelo sokukhuphukela ezindaweni eziphakeme njengoba uphethiloli uvutha futhi indiza iba lula.

Izinselele Ezihlobene Nokuphakama Kwezindiza Ezindiza

Izindiza zibhekana nezinselele eziningi lapho zinquma ukuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani ukuze zisebenze ngokuphephile. Lezi zithiyo zidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela kanye nezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwendiza ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukahlukene.

Nazi izinselele eziyinhloko ezihlobene nokuphakama:

1. Ukulinganiselwa Kwezobuchwepheshe

Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kwehla kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme ngenxa yokuncipha kokutholakala komoyampilo. Izinjini ezijwayelekile zejethi zilahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angama-30 kuye kwangama-40 wamandla azo ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-40,000.

Ukuqonda ukuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani kudinga ukuqaphela imikhawulo yendawo yokulawula ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ukuminyana komoya okwehlisiwe kukhawulela ukuhamba kwendiza futhi kudinga okokufaka okukhulu kokulawula okuvela kubashayeli bezindiza.

2. Ukucatshangelwa kwesimo sezulu

Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa kuthinta ukunemba kwe-altimeter nokusebenza kwendiza kuyo yonke indiza. Amazinga okushisa angajwayelekile angadala i-altimeter ukufunda ukweqisa noma ukwehlisa ukuphakama kweqiniso ngamamitha angamakhulu.

Ukuphakama kwe-Density kuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nemiphumela yomswakama ekusebenzeni kwendiza. Izimo eziphakeme zokuminyana zenza amaphesenti angu-7.3 azo zonke izingozi zezindiza zase-US ezihlobene nesimo sezulu.

3. Izici Zobuntu

Abashayeli bezindiza babhekana nokuntula umoya-mpilo ngokushesha ezindaweni eziphakeme ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokucindezela. Isikhathi sokuqaphela okuwusizo sehla siye kumasekhondi angama-30 kuye kwangama-60 ngamafidi angama-35,000.

I-oxygen eyengeziwe iba kudingekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile okuqala ku-10,000 feet altitude. Ukucindezela komkhathi okwehlisiwe kuthinta ukusebenza komzimba kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo ngesikhathi semisebenzi enwetshiwe yokuphakama okuphezulu.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabagibeli ezindaweni ezihlukene zokuphakama

Ukunethezeka nokuphepha kwabagibeli kuncike kakhulu ekutheni izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani nokuthi indiza iyiphatha kanjani imiphumela yokuphakama kokuphakama. Amasistimu wesimanje wokucindezela kanye nesakhiwo sekhabhini kunciphisa umthelela wokuphila wendiza esendaweni ephakeme.

Nazi izinto ezibalulekile ezithinta umuzwa wabagibeli:

1. I-Cabin Pressure Effects

Izindiza zesimanje zigcina umfutho wekhabethe elilingana namafidi angaba ngu-8,000 ngisho nalapho indizela ngamamitha angu-40,000. Lokhu kucindezela kuvumela ukuphefumula okunethezekile ngaphandle komoyampilo owengeziwe kubagibeli.

Ukugcwala komoyampilo wegazi kwehla cishe ngamaphesenti angu-4 endaweni yokuphakama kwekhabhine yamafidi angu-8,000 uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga eliphansi. I-Boeing 787 Dreamliner igcina ukucindezela kwekhabethe kumafidi angu-6,000 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunethezeka kwabagibeli ezindizeni ezinde.

2. Ukubonakala nokubuka

Abagibeli bangakwazi ukubona izinto ezifika kumakhilomitha angama-45 ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinhle kakhulu ukusuka endaweni ephakeme yohambo. Ukundiza ngaphezu kwekhava yefu kunikeza ukubonakala komkhathizwe okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokubukwa okucacile kwezici zaphansi.

Ukuqonda ukuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani kusiza ukuchaza ibanga lokubuka ukusuka kumafasitela endiza. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kunikeza ububanzi bokubuka okubanzi kodwa kwenza izici ezincane zomhlaba kube nzima ukuzihlukanisa.

3. Induduzo

I-higher cruise altitudes ivamise ukunikeza umoya oshelelayo onothuthuva oluncane lokunethezeka kwabagibeli. Izindiza endizela ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-30,000 zigwema izinhlelo eziningi zesimo sezulu ezibangela ukunyakaza okungakhululekile.

Umswakama wekhabethe nezinga lokushisa kuhlala kulawulwa kungakhathaliseki izimo zangaphandle endaweni yokuphakama kohambo. Izinhlelo zesimanje zemvelo zihlunga ukuzungeza komoya futhi zigcina ingcindezi ezinzile kuyo yonke indiza ukuze uthole ukunethezeka kwabagibeli.

Izindiza Zindiza Kakhulu Kangakanani?

Amarekhodi okuphakama kwezindiza abonisa imikhawulo eyeqisayo yobuchwepheshe bezindiza. Ukuqonda ukuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani kuveza izimpumelelo ezimangalisayo kuzo zonke izigaba zezindiza ezihlukene.

Nazi izigaba ezinkulu zamarekhodi okuphakama:

• Amarekhodi ezohwebo zezindiza
• Izimpumelelo zendiza yezempi
• Amakhono endiza yokuhlola

Izindiza zezentengiselwano zizuze ingqopha-mlando yokuphakama emashumini eminyaka yentuthuko. I-Concorde yayivame ukuhamba ngezinyawo ezingu-60,000 kuze kube yilapho ithatha umhlalaphansi ngo-2003.

Izindiza zamasosha ziphusha imingcele yokuphakama okungaphezu kwamandla okuhweba lapho zinquma ukuthi izindiza zindiza phezulu kangakanani. I-SR-71 Blackbird yaqopha irekhodi lamafidi angama-85,069 ngo-1976.

Izindiza zokuhlola sezifinyelele onqenqemeni lomkhathi ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokushayela. Uhlelo lwe-X-15 luzuze ukuphakama kwamafidi angu-354,200 ngesikhathi sezindiza zokuhlola.

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Neziqondiso Ezizungeze I-Flight Altitude

Imithetho eqinile yezokuphepha ilawula ukuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani ukuze zivikele abagibeli, abasebenzi kanye nabantu abaphansi. Lezi zidingo ziqinisekisa ukuthi indiza igcina imingcele yokusebenza ephephile kuwo wonke amazinga endiza.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Izimfuneko ezisezingeni eliphansi eziphephile
• Izinqubo zokwehla eziphuthumayo
• Izindinganiso zokuthobela imithetho
• Amasistimu okuqapha ukuphakama

Izindiza kufanele zigcine ukuphakama okuphephile okuncane okusekelwe endaweni kanye nokuminyana kwabantu ngezansi kwendlela yendiza. Le mfuneko iqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza banesikhathi esanele nendawo yokusabela phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo.

Izindikimba ezilawulayo zisungula ukuphakama okuphezulu kokusebenza kohlobo ngalunye lwesitifiketi sendiza uma inquma ukuthi izindiza zindiza ngokuphepha kangakanani. I FAA kanye ne-ICAO ibeka izindinganiso zezinhlelo zokucindezela, izidingo ze-oxygen, nobuqotho besakhiwo.

Izinqubo zesimo esiphuthumayo zidinga ukwehla ngokushesha uma ukucindezela kwekhabethe kwehluleka endaweni ephakeme. Amalungu eqembu athola ukuqeqeshwa okubanzi mayelana namasu okwehla ngokushesha kanye nokuthunyelwa kohlelo lwe-oxygen.

I-Outlook yomsebenzi kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo

Ukuqonda ukuthi izindiza zindizela phezulu kangakanani kwembula isayensi eyinkimbinkimbi eqhuba imisebenzi yesimanje yezokundiza. Ukuphakama kwendiza kuncike emandleni okuklama, izimo zezulu, izimfuneko zokulawulwa kwethrafikhi yendiza, nokucatshangelwa kokuhlela umzila.

Amajethi ezentengiselwano ahamba ngomkhumbi phakathi kwamafithi angu-35,000 no-40,000 ukuze asebenze kahle kaphethiloli kanye nokuphepha kwabagibeli. Amajethi angasese afinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingafika ku-51,000 wamafidi ngenkathi izindiza zamasosha nezokuhlola zicindezela imingcele ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-80,000.

Abashayeli bezindiza balinganisela ngokuqhubekayo izici eziningi ukuze banqume ileveli yendiza ephephile nesebenza kahle kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa, amaphethini omoya, isisindo sendiza, nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli konke kuthonya izinqumo zokuphakama kwendiza kuyo yonke indiza.

I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy inikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza ezigunyazwe yi-FAA ezifundisa ukulawulwa kokuphakama kwendiza kanye nezisekelo zokuhlela indiza. Izinhlelo zethu

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nendlela Izindiza Ezindiza Ngayo

Xhumana nathi noma shayela i-Florida Flyers Team ku +1 904 209 3510 ukuze ube umshayeli wendiza ophumelele oqinisekisiwe.