Isingeniso Senkomba Yejubane
Inkomba yesivinini somoya, ithuluzi eliyisisekelo ku-cockpit yanoma iyiphi indiza, ikala isivinini sendiza ngokuqhathaniswa nomoya ozungezile. Isebenza ngokususelwe ekucindezelweni okuhlukile phakathi kwengcindezi emile ngaphandle kwendiza kanye nomfutho oguquguqukayo okalwa ngeshubhu le-pitot. Lokhu kucindezela komehluko kube sekuguqulelwa ekubeni ukufunda ngesivinini.
Inkomba yesivinini somoya isebenza njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lomshayeli wokugcina ukulawula indiza. Kuphinde kube yingxenye ebalulekile ekuhlelweni kwendiza nokuzulazula, okuhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kwendiza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene.
Inkomba yesivinini somoya akuyona nje insimbi eyodwa kodwa inhlanganisela yezingxenye ezimbalwa ezisebenza ndawonye. Lezi zakhi zifaka ishubhu le-pitot, imbobo emile, kanye nenkomba ngokwayo, ehlinzeka ngokufunda okunembile nokusheshayo kumshayeli.
Ukuqonda Ukubaluleka Kwenkomba Yejubane Ezindizeni
Isikhombi sesivinini somoya sibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwendiza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle. Itshela umshayeli wendiza isivinini indiza ehamba ngaso emoyeni, ulwazi olubalulekile ekusukeni okuphephile, ukuhamba olwandle, nokuhlala.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu okubalulekile instrument, abashayeli bezindiza ngeke bakwazi ukukala isivinini sabo ngokunembile, okuholela emiphumeleni engaba yinhlekelele njengokuma noma ukweqa imingcele yesakhiwo sendiza. Ngakho-ke, inkomba yesivinini somoya idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphepheni kwendiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zesivinini somoya kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwendiza. Lawa masivinini ahlanganisa i-Indicated Airspeed (IAS), Calibrated Airspeed (CAS), True Airspeed (TAS), kanye neGround Speed (GS). Ngasinye salezi zivinini sifeza injongo ethile futhi sibalulekile ezigabeni ezihlukene zendiza nezimo.
Ukuhlola Isivinini: Uhlolojikelele
Isikhombi se-Airspeed sikala izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zejubane: I-Indicated Airspeed (IAS), I-Calibrated Airspeed (CAS), i-True Airspeed (TAS), ne-Ground Speed (GS). Nokho, kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili ezengeziwe, i-Equivalent Airspeed (EAS) kanye ne-Mach Number (M), ezisetshenziswa ezimeni ezithile zendiza, ikakhulukazi endizeni enesivinini esikhulu kanye nephezulu.
I-IAS iwukufunda okungaphekiwe, okungalungisiwe okuboniswa kusibonisi sesivinini somoya, kuyilapho i-CAS iyi-IAS elungiselwe amaphutha ensimbi nawokufaka. I-TAS i-CAS elungiselwe ukuhluka kokuphakama nokushisa, futhi i-GS isivinini sangempela sendiza phezu komhlaba.
I-EAS isivinini somoya ezingeni lolwandle esingakhiqiza ukucindezela okufanayo okuguquguqukayo njengesimo sangempela sendiza, futhi i-Mach Number iyisilinganiso sejubane lendiza nesivinini somsindo. Ukuqonda lezi zivinini eziyisithupha kubalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza ukuze bahumushe ngokunembile ukufundwa kwezinkomba zesivinini somoya futhi benze izinqumo ezifanele phakathi nendiza.
I-Deep Dive: I-Airspeed Ekhonjisiwe (IAS)
I-IAS isivinini esifundwa ngokuqondile kusibonisi sesivinini somoya. Iwuhlobo oluqonde kakhulu lwe-airspeed, ebonisa umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwe-static kanye ne-pitot pressure. Kodwa-ke, i-IAS ingaphansi kwamaphutha ethuluzi kanye nendawo, okuyenza inganembi kangako ezimweni ezithile zendiza.
Ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphansi kanye nezivinini ezijwayelekile zokuhamba ngomkhumbi, i-IAS inganikeza ukumelwa okunembile kokusebenza kwendiza. Kodwa-ke, njengoba indiza ikhuphuka, ukuminyana komoya kuyehla, okungabangela i-IAS ukuthi ingathembeki kancane.
Naphezu kokulinganiselwa kwayo, i-IAS iyisivinini esibalulekile kubashayeli bezindiza. Isetshenziselwa imikhawulo ye-airspeed etholakala ku- incwadi yokusebenza yendiza, njengezivinini zesitolo, isivinini esiphezulu se-flap enwetshiwe, futhi ungalokothi udlule isivinini. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda nokuhumusha i-IAS ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwendiza okuphephile.
Ukuqonda i-Airspeed Calibrated (CAS)
I-CAS yi-IAS elungiselwe amaphutha ensimbi nawendawo. Lawa maphutha angavela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukubekwa kwe-pitot tube, ukuphakama, nokuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa, phakathi kokunye. I-CAS inikeza isithombe esinembe kakhudlwana sejubane lendiza emoyeni kune-IAS kuphela.
Ukuze ubale i-CAS, abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa amathebula okulungisa anikezwe kubhukwana lokundiza lendiza. Lawa mathebula avumela umshayeli wendiza ukuthi anqume ukulungiswa okudingekayo ku-IAS ngokusekelwe kuzimo zendiza zamanje.
Nakuba i-CAS idinga ukubala okwengeziwe, inikeza ukubonakaliswa okunembe kakhudlwana kwejubane langempela lendiza emoyeni, okuyenza ibe ithuluzi eliyigugu kubashayeli bezindiza. Kubaluleke kakhulu endizeni enesivinini esikhulu, lapho amaphutha ensimbi engathinta kakhulu ukunemba kwe-IAS.
Ukubaluleka kwe-True Airspeed (TAS)
I-TAS ijubane langempela lendiza elihlobene nomoya endizayo kuwo. Yi-CAS elungiselwe izinguquko ekuminyaneni komoya ngenxa yokuphakama nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa. I-TAS ibalulekile ekuhleleni indiza nokuzulazula, njengoba ithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwendiza nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.
Njengoba i-TAS ilandisa ngezinguquko ekuminyaneni komoya, inikeza isilinganiso esinembe kakhudlwana sejubane lendiza kune-IAS noma i-CAS, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme. Kodwa-ke, ayibali isivinini somoya kanye nesiqondiso, okungase kube nomthelela omkhulu esivinini sangempela sendiza phezu komhlaba.
Ngaphandle kwalo mkhawulo, i-TAS iyingxenye ebalulekile ekubaleni isivinini saphansi kanye nokulinganisa isikhathi endleleni, okuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekuhleleni indiza nokuzulazula.
Ukuthi Ijubane Lomhlaba (GS) Liyithinta Kanjani Indiza
I-GS ijubane langempela lendiza phezu komhlaba. Yi-TAS elungiselwe isivinini somoya nesiqondiso. I-GS ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhambeni nasekuhleleni indiza, njengoba inquma isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze indiza ifike lapho iya khona.
Uma indiza indiza nomoya womsila, i-GS yayo izoba phezulu kune-TAS, okuyivumela ukuthi ifinyelele lapho iya khona ngokushesha. Ngokuphambene, uma indiza indizela emoyeni, i-GS yayo izoba ngaphansi kune-TAS, ikhulise isikhathi sokuhamba.
Nakuba abashayeli bezindiza bengakwazi ukulawula i-GS, bangayisebenzisela inzuzo yabo ngokulungisa indlela yabo yendiza ukuze basebenzise izimo ezivumayo zomoya. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda i-GS nokuthi ikuthinta kanjani ukuhamba kwendiza kubalulekile ekuhleleni indiza okuphumelelayo nokuphumelelayo.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-IAS, CAS, TAS, kanye ne-GS
I-IAS, CAS, TAS, ne-GS zonke zixhumene, ngayinye imele isici esihlukile sejubane lendiza. I-IAS iwukufunda ngesivinini esingahluziwe, kuyilapho i-CAS ilungisa lokhu kufunda ngamaphutha ensimbi nawokufaka. I-TAS iphinde ilungise i-CAS ngezinguquko ekuminyaneni komoya ngenxa yokuphakama nokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa, futhi i-GS iyi-TAS elungiselwe isivinini somoya nendawo.
Ngasinye salezi zivinini sifeza injongo ethile futhi sibalulekile ezigabeni ezihlukene zendiza nezimo. Kodwa-ke, zonke ziyingxenye yesithombe esikhulu, ezinikeza umshayeli ukuqonda okuphelele kokusebenza kwendiza futhi okumenza akwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngesikhathi sokundiza.
Ukuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zivinini ezine kubalulekile kunoma yimuphi umshayeli. Ibavumela ukuthi bahumushe ngokunembile ukufundwa kwezinkomba zesivinini somoya futhi bazulazule endizeni yabo ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.
Izinkinga Ezivamile namathiphu okuxazulula izinkinga ezikhombi ze-Airspeed
Njenganoma iyiphi insimbi, izinkomba ze-airspeed zingabhekana nezinkinga ezingathinta ukunemba nokuthembeka kwazo. Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zifaka ukuvaleka kweshubhu le-pitot noma imbobo emile, ukwehluleka kwezinsimbi, namaphutha okulinganisa.
Uma inkomba yesivinini somoya ingasebenzi kahle, ingaholela ekufundweni kwesivinini okunganembile, okungase kube sengozini yokuphepha kwendiza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza bahlole njalo izinkomba zabo zesivinini somoya ukuze bathole noma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokulungisa uma kunesidingo.
Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokundiza kufanele njalo kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kweshubhu le-pitot kanye nembobo emile ukuze kutholakale noma yikuphi ukuvinjwa noma umonakalo. Lapho endizeni, abashayeli bezindiza kufanele bahlole njalo ukufundwa kwezikhombisi zabo zesivinini somoya nezinye izisetshenziswa ukuze bathole umehluko. Uma inkomba yesivinini somoya kusolwa ukuthi inephutha, kufanele inikezwe isevisi noma ishintshwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isiphetho
Isikhombi sesivinini somoya sibalulekile ekundizeni, sinikeza imininingwane yesivinini esibalulekile sendiza ephephile. Isivinini esibonisiwe, esilinganiselwe, esiyiqiniso, kanye nesaphansi ngasinye sinendima yazo, sinikeza abashayeli bezindiza imininingwane ebalulekile ukuze basebenze kangcono. Ukwazi lezi zivinini kusho izindiza eziphephile nezishelelayo, okugqamisa ukuthi ukuziqonda kuphumelela kanjani ngokuphepha, nokundiza okungcono.
Usulungele ukuphatha isibhakabhaka? Joyina iFlorida Flyers Flight Academy ukuze ukhuphule ukuqonda kwakho ngesivinini sendiza! Funda ukungena nokuphuma Kwesikhombi Se-Airspeed kanye nendima yaso ebalulekile endizeni ephephile. Bhalisa manje futhi ukhuphuke ngokuzethemba. Uhambo lwakho lobuchwepheshe bezokundiza luqala lapha!
Xhumana nathi noma shayela i-Florida Flyers Team ku +1 904 209 3510 ukuze ube umshayeli wendiza ophumelele oqinisekisiwe.
