Iilayisenisi zoPhathi kunye neNdlela yakho yoMsebenzi weNqwelo-moya

Ikhabhathi yenqwelo moya yorhwebo ayifikelelwa ngesatifikethi esinye somqhubi. Yakhiwe ngovavanyo ngokwamanqanaba, iyure yokubhabha ngeyure yokubhabha, iqala ngesiseko esifanayo se-FAA nokuba utshintsha imisebenzi uneminyaka engama-30 okanye uqala kwangoko emva kwesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Ukuqonda iilayisenisi zomqhubi ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise kukunceda ukhethe indlela yoqeqesho oluya phambili ngenjongo endaweni yokuchitha ixesha, imali, kunye nomfutho.

I-FAA ngobuchwephesha ikhupha uninzi lwezi ziqinisekiso njengezatifikethi kunye novavanyo, kodwa abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanomdla badla ngokuzibiza ngokuba ziilayisenisi zokuqhuba. Okubalulekileyo kukuqhubela phambili: isiqinisekiso ngasinye sandisa inqwelo moya, iimeko zemozulu, okanye amathuba okubhabha ahlawulelwayo afumanekayo kuwe. Kumfundi ocinga ngomsebenzi, injongo ayikokupasa nje uhambo olulandelayo. Injongo kukwakha iprofayili yobungcali epheleleyo, elungele inqwelo moya.

Iilayisenisi zoPhando: Ulandelelwano loQeqesho lwe-FAA

Indlela ekhawulezayo idla ngokuba lulandelelwano olucwangcisiweyo ukusuka kwi-zero yamava ukuya kwiziqinisekiso zorhwebo kunye nezokufundisa. Ungaqeqesha isatifikethi esinye ngexesha, kodwa inkqubo ye-FAA Part 141 ecwangcisiweyo kakuhle idibanisa inqanaba ngalinye ukuze ulwazi lwakho, iinkqubo, kunye namava eenqwelo moya aqhubeke nokwakha.

Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya somfundi kunye nesatifikethi sezonyango

Ngaphambi kokuba ubhabhe wedwa, udinga isatifikethi somfundi we-FAA sokuqhuba inqwelo moya kunye nesatifikethi sezonyango sokuhamba ngenqwelo moya esifanelekileyo. Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abafuna umsebenzi wobuchwephesha bakhetha unyango olukumgangatho ophezulu kwangethuba. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ufumane zonke isatifikethi, kodwa ngumgangatho wezonyango ofunekayo kumalungelo okuqhuba inqwelo moya kunye nokubhabha ngenqwelo moya.

Ukufumana i-medical class class ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele kakhulu kuqeqesho olusebenzayo kukulawula umngcipheko. Ingxaki yezonyango ayiphelisi ngokuzenzekelayo usukelo lwenqwelomoya, kwaye iimeko ezininzi zinokuvavanywa okanye zivunywe ngenkqubo ye-FAA. Sekunjalo, ukwazi apho umi khona kwangethuba kuthintela ukumangaliswa okungathandekiyo emva kokuba uchithe ixesha elininzi kuqeqesho.

Ilayisensi yokuLitha yaBucala (PPL)

Ilayisenisi yoMqhubi waBucala kulapho ukubhabha kuba yinyani khona. Ufunda ulawulo lweenqwelo moya, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, unxibelelwano lwerediyo, iinkqubo zongxamiseko, ukwenza izigqibo zemozulu, ucwangciso lokuhamba ngeenyawo, kunye noqeqesho lokusebenza njengomqhubi wenqwelo moya olawulayo. Emva kokuphumelela uvavanyo lolwazi lwe-FAA kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo, ungabhabha ngenqwelo moya ukuze uthuthe kwaye uphumle, kuxhomekeke kumalungelo kunye nemida yesatifikethi sakho.

I-PPL ayilogunya lomsebenzi. Awunakuhlawulwa nje ngokuthwala abakhweli okanye ukubhabha inqwelo-moya phantsi kwamalungelo okuqhuba abucala. Kodwa sisakhiwo sokuqala sobuchwephesha esibalulekileyo. Abafundi abaphuhlisa imikhwa enamandla apha bahlala behamba ngoqeqesho lwezixhobo kunye nolwezorhwebo ngokuzithemba okungakumbi kunye nokugweba okungcono.

Ukulinganiswa kwezixhobo

I-Instrument Rating yahlula ukubhabha ngemozulu elungileyo nokucwangciswa kwenqwelomoya kwinqanaba lobungcali. Ikuvumela ukuba ubhabhe phantsi kweMithetho yeNqwelomoya, okanye i-IFR, oko kuthetha ukusebenza ngokubhekiselele kwizixhobo nakwinkqubo yolawulo lwendlela yomoya xa imozulu ifuna njalo.

Kwimisebenzi yeenqwelo moya, olu vavanyo alunakuzikhethela nangayiphi na indlela esebenzayo. Iinqwelo moya zisebenza ngokweshedyuli, ngokutshintsha kwemozulu, nakweyiphi na indawo yomoya enzima. Uqeqesho lwezixhobo lufundisa ukuchaneka: ukubamba ukuphakama okwabelweyo, iindlela zokulandelela, ukufunda iinkqubo zemozulu, ukulawula umthwalo womsebenzi, nokwenza izigqibo ezizolileyo xa ungenakuthembela kumbono ongaphandle kwefestile.

Ingxaki kukuba uqeqesho lwezixhobo lunokuba nzima kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abasebenzisa ukubona ngamehlo kuphela. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile. Lwakha uqeqesho olusetyenziswa ngabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaziingcali kuzo zonke iinqwelo-moya.

Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya

Isatifikethi soPhathi lweeNqwelo-moya zoRhwebo sikuvumela ukuba uhlawulwe ngeenkonzo ezithile zokubhabha, ukuba nje uhlangabezana nemithetho ye-FAA efanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Yindawo apho umfundi wenqwelo-moya ekufanelekela khona ukwenza umsebenzi wokubhabha ohlawulelwayo.

Uqeqesho lwezorhwebo ludlula nje ukufunda indlela yokubhabha ngokuchanekileyo. Uphucula iindlela zakho zokubhabha, ubhabha iinqwelomoya ezintsonkothileyo, uphuhlise amava aphucukileyo okunqumla ilizwe, kwaye ubonise umgangatho ophezulu wolwazi kunye nokugweba ngeenqwelomoya. Isatifikethi sorhwebo sodwa asiqinisekisi umsebenzi weenqwelo moya, kodwa sivula ucango lwemisebenzi eyakha amava obuchwephesha.

Ulwakhiwo loqeqesho lunempembelelo enkulu kweli nqanaba. Phantsi kwekharityhulam ye-FAA Part 141 efanelekileyo, indlela yorhwebo ekhawulezileyo inokufikelela kwisiqinisekiso sorhwebo kwiiyure ezili-111 zeenqwelo-moya phantsi kwe-FAR Part 141.55(e). Elo lithuba elibalulekileyo kubafundi abafanelekileyo abafuna indlela ethe ngqo, nangona ixesha lokugqiba lisaxhomekeke ekulungiseleleni, kwimozulu, ekuyeni, nakwinkqubela phambili yomntu ngamnye.

Ukukala kweeNjini ezininzi

Iinqwelo-moya zeenqwelo-moya zineenjini ezingaphezu kwesinye, ngoko ke uqeqesho lweenjini ezininzi linyathelo elibalulekileyo lomsebenzi. I-Multi-Engine Rating ikufundisa ukusebenzisa iinqwelo-moya ezisebenza kakuhle, ukulawula ukutyhala okungalinganiyo, ukuchonga nokuphendula kwiingxaki zeenjini, nokwenza izigqibo ngesantya esingaphezulu kunye nobunzima obufunekayo.

Uvavanyo lweenjini ezininzi ludla ngokufakwa kwisatifikethi sorhwebo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iziqinisekiso zeenjini ezininzi zorhwebo zilindeleke kubaqeshi kwimisebenzi emininzi yobungcali kwinqanaba lokuqala. Ayisiyo nje i-resume line. Uqeqesho lufuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo lweenqwelo moya kunye nempendulo echanekileyo kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga.

Izatifikethi zoMqeqeshi weFlight

Kwabaninzi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abatsha, eyona ndlela ithe ngqo yokwakha ixesha lokubhabha elifunekayo kwiinqwelo-moya kukuba nguMqeqeshi weeNqwelo-moya oQinisekisiweyo. Isatifikethi se-CFI sikugunyazisa ukuba ufundise abafundi abazimeleyo nabamashishini. Ukongeza i-Certified Flight Instrument rating, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-CFII, kunye ne-Multi-Engine Instructor rating, okanye i-MEI, kwandisa uqeqesho onokulunika kunye namava onokuwafumana.

Ukufundisa ngumsebenzi onzima. Kufuneka ubhabhe ngokuchanekileyo ngelixa uchaza iinkqubo, ubeka esweni omnye umqhubi wenqwelomoya, ulawula umngcipheko, kwaye uhlengahlengisa ukufundisa kwakho kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda. Ngenxa yoko, uphuhlisa ulwazi lobuchwephesha oluqinileyo, izakhono zonxibelelwano ezibukhali, kunye namava amakhulu okubhabha. Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abaninzi baqala imisebenzi yabo kwindawo efanelekileyo yenqwelomoya yoqeqesho, befundisa isizukulwana esilandelayo sabaqhubi beenqwelomoya.

Ukusuka kwi-Commercial Pilot ukuya kwi-ATP

Isatifikethi se-Airline Transport Pilot, okanye i-ATP, sesona sigaba siphezulu sesatifikethi se-FAA pilot. Sisatifikethi esinxulumene nemisebenzi yeenqwelo moya kwaye kufuneka sisebenze njengokapteni kwinkonzo yeenqwelo moya yeCandelo 121. Uninzi lwamagosa okuqala eenqwelo moya lukwadinga isatifikethi se-ATP okanye indlela ye-ATP eNqatyiweyo efanelekileyo.

Kwabaninzi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, i-ATP eqhelekileyo ifuna iiyure ezili-1,500 zokubhabha kunye neemfuno ezithile zamava. Abanye abaphumelele kwiinkqubo zesidanga sokubhabha esivunyiweyo kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafanelekileyo basenokufaneleka kwi-ATP eNqatshelweyo kwimida ephantsi yeeyure. Ukufaneleka kuxhomekeke kwimfundo yakho echanekileyo, iirekhodi zoqeqesho, kunye namava okubhabha, ngoko ke le yindawo apho iinkcukacha zibalulekile.

Ixesha eliphakathi kwesatifikethi sorhwebo kunye nokufaneleka kwe-ATP kulapho ucwangciso lomsebenzi luba yinto ebalulekileyo khona. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya akadingi nje iiyure ezingaphezulu, kodwa udinga amava afanelekileyo: ixesha lezixhobo, ukubhabha ngaphesheya kwelizwe, ukusebenza ebusuku, ukuvezwa kwiinjini ezininzi, kunye nerekhodi yobungcali yokwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Imiyalelo yokuhamba ngenqwelo moya yindlela eqinisekisiweyo, kodwa uphando lwendiza, i-charter, imithwalo, kunye nokubhabha kwenkampani kunokuhambelana namathuba akhoyo kunye nexesha lomsebenzi.

Kutheni Indawo yoQeqesho itshintsha isiphumo

Zonke izikolo zeenqwelo moya zingapapasha izatifikethi. Umbuzo ongcono kukuba ingaba isikolo singakuhambisa na kulo lonke ulandelelwano ngaphandle kokungqubana okungeyomfuneko. Ukufumaneka kweenqwelo moya, ukuqhubeka komqeqeshi, umgangatho wekharityhulam, ukufikelela kwi-checkride, kunye nenkxaso yolawulo zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela indlela umfundi onomdla afikelela ngayo ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba elilandelayo.

Ukuvunywa kwe-FAA Part 141 kubalulekile kuba ibonelela ngesilabhasi evunyiweyo, ukuhlolwa kwesigaba okucwangcisiweyo, kunye nemigangatho yoqeqesho echaziweyo. Ingabonelela ngeemfuno zamava aphantsi eenqwelo moya kubafundi abafanelekileyo. Kuqeqesho lomsebenzi, olo lwakhiwo lukunika indlela elinganisiweyo endaweni yengqokelela yezifundo ezingadibaniyo.

Ishedyuli yeCheckride yenye into ebalulekileyo. Umfundi oqeqeshwe kwaye okulungeleyo akufuneki alahlekelwe yinzondelelo yokulinda iinyanga zomviwa wangaphandle. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy ine-FAA Self-Examination Authority, evumela uvavanyo olufanelekileyo olusebenzayo ukuba lwenziwe ngaphakathi kwaye luncede ekudaleni umjelo woqeqesho olawulwa ngakumbi. Elo thuba lokusebenza libalulekile xa injongo yakho ikukufikelela ekubhabheni ngenqwelomoya kwaye uqale ukwakha ixesha ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okunokuthintelwa.

Abafundi bamanye amazwe kufuneka bacebe ngaphaya kwesilabhasi yendiza. Ubhaliso lwe-visa ye-M-1, iimfuno ze-TSA, indawo yokuhlala, idilesi yase-US, kunye namaxwebhu e-FAA zonke zifuna ulungelelwaniso. Isikolo esinenkxaso yabafundi bamanye amazwe esele imiselwe sinokususa imiqobo yolawulo ephazamisa uqeqesho.

Khetha iiLayisensi zoPhando lomsebenzi owufunayo

Akukho ndlela imfutshane ejikeleze imigangatho ye-FAA, kwaye akufuneki ibekho. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaziingcali banoxanduva olukhulu lwabakhweli, iinqwelo-moya kunye nabasebenzi. Into onokuyilawula kukusebenza kakuhle kwendlela yakho: qeqesha rhoqo, ukhusele ukufaneleka kwakho kwezonyango, khetha inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo, kwaye ufumane isatifikethi ngasinye kunye nesinye esilandelayo esisele sijongiwe.

Isifundo sakho sokuqala sisenokuqala ngomgomo wokuqhuba inqwelo moya wabucala, kodwa isicwangciso esifanelekileyo sinokukusa kwindawo yoqeqesho ukuya kwindawo yokuqhuba inqwelo moya yorhwebo. Qala ngesatifikethi esihambelana namava akho angoku, uze wakhe lonke uvavanyo olujikeleze umsebenzi oceba ukuwuqhuba.