Ngaphakathi kweNdawo zePlanethi kunye nomsebenzi wazo
Ukuqonda iindawo ezahlukeneyo zenqwelomoya kunye nendlela ezisebenzisana ngayo kubalulekile ekuqondeni ubunzima bokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Nokuba ungumqhubi wenqwelomoya onqwenelayo, umntu othanda ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya, okanye umntu onomdla wokwazi ukuba basebenza njani aba matshini bamangalisayo, esi sikhokelo siya kukuthatha kuhambo olunzulu kwiindawo ezingaphakathi kwinqwelomoya kunye nemisebenzi yabo. Ukusuka kwi-fuselage ukuya kwisixhobo sokumisa, icandelo ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kwenqwelomoya. Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siza kuphonononga la macandelo, iinjongo zawo, kunye nendlela anegalelo ngayo kumava okubhabha.
Iinxalenye zePlanethi: IFuselage
The ifuselage ngumbindi wenqwelo-moya, kwaye usebenza njengenxalenye yesakhiwo apho onke amanye amalungu enqwelo-moya ancanyatheliswe. Eyona nto ingumqolo wenqwelomoya, indawo yokuhlala, ikhabhinethi yabakhweli, indawo yokugcina imithwalo, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo. Uyilo lwefuselage luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwi uhlobo lwenqwelomoya, kodwa umsebenzi wayo ophambili uhlala ufana: ukunika imilo elungelelanisiweyo enciphisa ukutsalwa kwe-aerodynamic ngelixa ukwandisa amandla kunye nokuqina.
Kwinqwelo-moya yezorhwebo, i-fuselage idla ngokuba yinde, isakhiwo se-cylindrical esenziwe ngezinto ezikhaphukhaphu, eziqinileyo ezifana ne-aluminium alloys okanye izinto ezidibeneyo. Olu yilo alunciphisi ubunzima kuphela kodwa luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha. Ngaphakathi kwi-fuselage, uya kufumana ikhabhinethi yabahambi, ehlala icinezelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthuzelwa phezulu. ukuphakama. Indawo yokugcina imithwalo, engaphantsi kwendlu yabahambi, kulapho kugcinwa khona imithwalo nezinye iimpahla.
I-fuselage Parts of a Plane ekwahlala neenkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne inkqubo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo (ECS), elawula ubushushu bekhabhinethi kunye noxinzelelo lomoya, kunye ne avionics bay, apho zikhoyo iinkqubo zombane ezibalulekileyo. Kwiinqwelomoya ezincinci, njenge I-Piper Archer, i-fuselage inokuba i-compact ngakumbi, kodwa isasebenza umsebenzi ofanayo obalulekileyo wokubamba inqwelomoya kunye nokubonelela indawo yabakhweli kunye nezixhobo.
Amacandelo eNqwelo-moya: I-Cockpit
I-cockpit yiNgxelo yeNqwelo-moya ebizwa ngokuba liziko lomyalelo, kulapho abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya belawula inqwelo-moya kwaye babeke iliso kwiinkqubo zayo. Lelinye lawona maCandelo eNqwelo-moya, azaliswe zizixhobo kunye nolawulo olubonelela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngolwazi abaludingayo ukuze baqinisekise uhambo olukhuselekileyo. Ubume be-cockpit bunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenqwelomoya, kodwa ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo:
Iphaneli yezixhobo
Iphaneli yesixhobo lujongano oluphambili phakathi kwabaqhubi kunye ne iinkqubo zenqwelomoya. Ibonisa ulwazi olubalulekileyo olunje isantya somoya, ukuphakama, isihloko, kunye nokusebenza kwenjini. Iinqwelo-moya zale mihla zidla ngokuba nemiboniso yeglasi kwi-cockpit, esebenzisa izikrini zedijithali ukubonisa le nkcazelo ngendlela ecacileyo nelungelelanisiweyo. Iinqwelomoya zemveli zisenokusebenzisa iigeyiji ze-analog, kodwa nezi zicwangciswe ukuze zifikeleleke lula kwaye zifundeke.
Ulawulo lwenqwelomoya
Ulawulo lwenqwelomoya kwi-cockpit lubandakanya idyokhwe okanye intonga yokulawula, iipedali zokujika, kunye ne-throttle. Olu lawulo luvumela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuba alawule inqwelo-moya ngokuhlengahlengisa indawo yolawulo kumaphiko nomsila. Idyokhwe okanye intonga yokulawula isetyenziselwa ukulawula amaphiko kwaye isinyusi, echaphazela ukuqengqeleka kwenqwelomoya kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwayo. Iipedali zokujika zilawula iphini lokujika, elilawula intshukumo yenqwelomoya. I-throttle ilawula amandla e-injini, ivumela umqhubi wenqwelomoya ukuba anyuse okanye anciphise isantya.
Izihlalo zePilot
Izihlalo zomqhubi kwi-cockpit zenzelwe ukuthuthuzela kunye nokusebenza. Ziyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa ukuze zihlalise abaqhubi beendawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso ngexesha lohambo olude. Isihlalo ngasinye sixhotyiswe ngeentambo zokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukuba umqhubi wenqwelo-moya uhlala ekhuselekile ngexesha lesiphithiphithi. Ukubekwa kwezihlalo kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba babe nombono ongabonakaliyo wepaneli yesixhobo kunye nokusingqongileyo kwangaphandle.
Iphaneli engaphezulu
Iphaneli yomgangatho ophezulu iqulethe izinto ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha kunye nolawulo lokulawula iinkqubo zenqwelo-moya, ezifana nezibane, iimpompo zamafutha, namandla ombane. Kwinqwelo-moya enkulu, le phaneli ikwabandakanya ulawulo lweyunithi yamandla ancedisayo kwinqwelomoya (APU), ebonelela ngamandla ombane xa iinjini eziphambili zingasebenzi. Iphaneli engaphezulu yenzelwe ukuba ibe lula ukufikelela kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ibavumele ukuba balawule iinkqubo ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokubhabha.
IiConsoles ezisecaleni
I-Side consoles kwi-cockpit ibekwe ngasekhohlo nasekunene kwezihlalo zomqhubi. Ezi ziduduzi zihlala zigcina ulawulo olongezelelweyo kunye nokutshintsha okusetyenziswa kancinci ngexesha lokubhabha kodwa zisabalulekile ekusebenzeni kwenqwelomoya. Umzekelo, ii-consoles ezisecaleni zinokubandakanya ulawulo lweerediyo zonxibelelwano, iinkqubo zokukhangela, kunye nolawulo lwemozulu.
Iinxalenye zePlanethi: Amaphiko
Amaphiko mhlawumbi awona macandelo aziwayo kwinqwelomoya kwaye adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveliseni ukuphakama, okuvumela ukuba inqwelo-moya ibhabhe. Indlela amaphiko ayilwe ngayo, kuquka ukumila kwawo, ubungakanani kunye nokuma kweendawo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezilawulayo, yiyo egqibayo ukuba aphumeza ngempumelelo kangakanani na. Ngaphakathi kwamaphiko, uya kufumana amacandelo amaninzi abalulekileyo asebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukubhabha okugudileyo nokulawulwayo:
Iifayile
Ii-ailerons ngamacandelo amancinci aneehenjisi. Zisetyenziselwa ukulawula umqulu wenqwelomoya, ukuvumela ukuba ibhankini ngasekhohlo okanye ngasekunene. Xa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ehambisa idyokhwe okanye intonga yokulawula, ii<em>ailerons zisinga kwicala elichaseneyo—enye inyuka ngoxa enye isihla. Le ntshukumo ibangela ukuba elinye iphiko livelise ukuphakama okungakumbi kunelinye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inqwelo-moya iqengqeleke iye kwicala elifunayo.
I Flaps
I Flaps Yenye iseti yeendawo ezihinjisiweyo kumda wokulandela wamaphiko, abekwe kufutshane ne-fuselage kune-ailerons. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa ngexesha ukusuka kunye nokufika emhlabeni ukwandisa ukuphakama okwenziwa ngamaphiko ngesantya esisezantsi. Ngokwandisa iiflephu, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya unokuwanciphisa isantya sokuhlala, evumela ukunduluka okukhuselekileyo nokulawulwa ngakumbi kunye nokumisa. Iiflephu ziyarhoxiswa ngexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ukunciphisa ukutsala kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.
Khawucinge ngoku
Iiphiko ziincam ezincinci ezithe nkqo kwiincam zamaphiko. Owona msebenzi wabo uphambili kukunciphisa ukutsaleka okubangelwa ziincam zamaphiko, imisinga yomoya evuthuzayo eyenzeka njengoko umoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu ongaphantsi kwephiko udibana nomoya woxinzelelo oluphantsi ophezu kwawo. Ngokunciphisa oku kutsalwa, iimpiko zamaphiko ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokwandisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwenqwelomoya. Ii-Winglets ziyinto eqhelekileyo kwiinqwelomoya zentengiso zanamhlanje kwaye ziyilelwe ukuphucula ukusebenza ngaphandle kokongeza ubunzima obubalulekileyo.
Izilonda
Ii-slats yimigangatho eshukumayo ebekwe kumda ophambili wamaphiko. Njengeeflaphu, zisetyenziselwa ukunyusa ukuphakama ngexesha lokusuka kunye nokuhla. Xa zandiswa, ii-slats zenza i-gap phakathi komgca ohamba phambili wephiko kunye neyona ndawo iphambili yephiko, evumela umoya ukuba uhambe kakuhle phezu kwephiko. Oku kunciphisa ukubakho kwendawo yokuthengisela kwizantya ezisezantsi kwaye kuphucule uzinzo lwenqwelomoya ngokubanzi ngexesha lezigaba ezibalulekileyo zokubhabha.
Abaphangi
I-Spoilers iipaneli ezisicaba kwindawo ephezulu yamaphiko anokuthi aphakanyiswe ukuphazamisa ukuhamba komoya phezu kwephiko, ukunciphisa ukunyuswa kunye nokunyusa ukudonsa. Zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngexesha lokumisa ukunceda ukucothisa inqwelomoya kwaye uqinisekise ukubamba okugudileyo. Iispoiler zisenokusetyenziswa xa zibhabha ukuze zincede ekuhleni nasekuncedeni inqwelo-moya ukuba ilahlekelwe ukuphakama kwayo ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye iinqwelomoya zixhotyiswe ngezonakalisi zomhlaba, ezizithumela ngokuzenzekelayo xa zifika ukwandisa ukutsala kunye nokunciphisa umgama wokumisa.
Iindawo zePlanethi: Umsila (Empennage)
Umsila, okanye i-empennage, yiNgxelo yangasemva yePlanethi enika uzinzo kunye nolawulo. Iqukethe amacandelo amabini aphambili: i-horizontal stabilizer kunye ne-stabilizer ethe nkqo. La macandelo asebenza kunye ukuze agcine inqwelo-moya ilungelelene kwaye ivumele umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuba alawule isandi nokuzamla kwenqwelo-moya.
I-Horizontal Stabilizer kunye ne-Elevator
I-horizontal stabilizer sisakhiwo esifana nephiko elincinci elibekwe ngasemva kwinqwelo-moya. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukubonelela ngokuzinza kwi-pitch axis, ukuthintela impumlo yendiza ukuba ihambe phezulu okanye phantsi ngokungalawulekiyo. Kuncanyathiselwe kwisizinzisi esithe tyaba sisinyusi, indawo enehenjisi anokuthi umqhubi wenqwelo-moya akwazi ukuyihambisa ukuze alawule isantya senqwelo-moya. Ngokulungisa ilifti, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya unokuphakamisa okanye ukuthoba impumlo, nto leyo evumela ukuba inqwelo-moya inyuke okanye yehle.
Ukuzinzisa okuthe nkqo kunye neRudder
Isizinzisi esithe nkqo sisakhiwo esifana nesiphelo esikumphezulu womsila wenqwelomoya. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukubonelela ngozinzo kwi-yaw axis, ukuthintela inqwelomoya ukuba ingajingi ngapha nangapha. Kwisixhobo sokumisa nkqo kuncanyathiselwe umphini, indawo enehenjisi anokuyihambisa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuze alawule imilenze yenqwelo-moya. Ngokusebenzisa iipedali zokujika, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya unokuyijika inqwelo-moya ekhohlo okanye ekunene, nto leyo enceda ekulawuleni indlela eya ngakulo xa ibhabha.
Amacandelo eNqwelo-moya: Injini (ii)
I-injini, okanye ii-injini, zenqwelo-moya zizixhobo zayo zombane, ezinikela umgudu ofunekayo wokuyiqhubela phambili inqwelo-moya. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenjini ezisetyenziselwa ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya, kubandakanywa iinjini zepiston, iinjini ze-turboprop, yaye iinjini zejethi. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-injini lusebenza ngokwahlukileyo, kodwa zonke zisebenza injongo enye: ukuvelisa i-thrust ngokutshisa amafutha kunye nokukhupha iigesi zokukhupha ngesantya esiphezulu.
Kwi-injini yejethi eqhelekileyo, umoya utsalwa ngaphakathi ngokuthatha kwaye ucinezelwe ngoluhlu lweeblades ezijikelezayo. Lo moya uxinanisiweyo udityaniswe namafutha kwaye uvuthelwe kwigumbi lokutsha, udala uxinzelelo oluphezulu, umbhobho wobushushu obuphezulu okhutshwa ngombhobho ongasemva wenjini. Amandla alo mbhobho atyhalela phambili inqwelo-moya, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukubhabha. Ezinye iinqwelomoya, njengePiper Archer, zisebenzisa iinjini zepiston, ezisebenza ngomgaqo ofanayo kodwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo yangaphakathi.
Amacandelo eNqwelo-moya: I-Propeller
Ipropeller licandelo eliphambili lenqwelomoya eqhutywa ziinjini zepiston okanye ii-turboprop engines. Iqulathe iincakuba ezininzi ezijikelezayo kwi hub esembindini, eguqula amandla e-injini abe yithrasti. Njengoko ii-propeller blades zijikeleza, zenza umahluko kuxinzelelo lomoya phakathi komphezulu ongaphambili nasemva, ukuvelisa ukunyuswa kunye nokutsalela inqwelomoya phambili. Uyilo kunye nokuphakama kweencakuba zepropeller kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenqwelomoya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Iipropellers zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwizantya ezisezantsi, zizenza zilungele iinqwelomoya ezincinci kunye neenqwelomoya zengingqi. Inani leeblades, ukumila kwazo, kunye ne-engile yazo yokuhlasela ziyilwe ngononophelo ukuze kunyuswe ukutyhala kakhulu ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukutsala. Ezinye iipropeller zale mihla ziyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa, nto leyo evumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba batshintshe i-blade pitch kwinqwelomoya ukuze baphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okubhabha, njengokusuka, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, okanye ukumisa.
Iinxalenye zeNqwelo-moya: Isixhobo sokuHlalisa
Isixhobo sokumisa yinqwelo engaphantsi kwenqwelo-moya eyixhasayo xa isuka, imisa, naxa ikhwela iteksi phantsi. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuhla okukhuselekileyo nokugudileyo ngokufunxa impembelelo ye-touchdown kunye nokubonelela uzinzo ngexesha lokusebenza komhlaba. Kukho izinto ezininzi eziphambili kunye nolungelelwaniso lwezixhobo zokumisa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
Eyona Gear
Isixhobo esiphambili sineesethi ezimbini eziphambili zamavili okanye i-skids ezibekwe phantsi kwamaphiko okanye i-fuselage. La mavili anoxanduva lokuthwala ubunzima obuninzi benqwelomoya kunye nokufunxa amandla empembelelo ngexesha lokumisa. Esona sixhobo siphambili sihlala sixhotyiswe ngezinto zokuthambisa ezothusayo kunye nezithinteli ezinceda ukuthomalalisa ukuhlala kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwisakhiwo senqwelomoya.
Isipho sempumlo
Isixhobo sempumlo, esiphambi kwenqwelo-moya, sixhasa impumlo yendiza kwaye ibonelela ngolawulo lokuqhuba ngexesha lokukhwela iteksi. Ngokwesiqhelo ibandakanya iseti yamavili okanye ukutyibilika okufana nesixhobo esiphambili kodwa kunye neendlela ezongezelelweyo zokuqhuba. Isixhobo sempumlo sibalulekile kubuchule bokuhamba emhlabeni, sivumela umqhubi wenqwelomoya ukuba akhokele inqwelomoya ukuya nokubuya kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya okanye kwindawo yokupaka.
Abothuki Abothuki
I-Shock absorbers, okanye i-oleo struts, zizixhobo ze-hydraulic okanye i-pneumatic ezinceda ukudambisa amandla afunyanwa kwisixhobo sokumisa ngexesha lokufika. Basebenza ngokucinezela kunye nokwandisa ukufunxa amandla empembelelo kwaye banqande ukugxumeka okugqithisileyo okanye ukungcangcazela. Izithako ezothusayo zibalulekile ekugcineni intuthuzelo yabakhweli kunye nokuthembeka kwenqwelomoya ngexesha lokuhla nokusuka.
iGear eRetractable
Ezinye iinqwelomoya zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokuhlalisa ezinokubuyiswa, ezinokunyuswa kwi-fuselage ngexesha lokubhabha ukuze kuncitshiswe ukutsala nokuphucula i-aerodynamics. Igiya iqhele ukusetyenziswa ziinkqubo zehydraulic okanye zombane kwaye iyathotywa kwaye itshixelwe endaweni ngaphambi kokufika. Isixhobo sokumisa esinokurhoxiswa siqhele ukufunyanwa kwinqwelomoya ekhawulezayo kwaye inceda ukomeleza ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.
IGear eZinzileyo
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izixhobo zokumisa ezisisigxina zihlala zimi kwaye azikwazi ukurhoxiswa. Izixhobo ezisisigxina zihlala zifumaneka kwinqwelomoya ezincinci kwaye zibonelela ngoyilo olulula, oluhlala ixesha elide. Ngelixa igiya esisigxina inokudala ukutsala okongeziweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ineendleko eziphezulu kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ezibuyiselwayo.
isiphelo
Amacandelo eNqwelo-moya asebenza kunye ngemvisiswano ukuqinisekisa amava enqwelomoya akhuselekileyo, asebenzayo, nakhululekileyo. Icandelo ngalinye, ukusuka kwi-fuselage ukuya kwisixhobo sokumisa, lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwenqwelomoya. Ukuqonda la macandelo kunye nemisebenzi yawo akuphuculi nje uxabiso lwakho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kodwa ikwabonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo kwabo balandela ikhondo lomsebenzi.
Njengoko uhlolisisa ihlabathi lezomoya, khumbula ukuba inqwelo-moya nganye, nokuba yinqwelo-moya encinane enenjini enye okanye inkulu yorhwebo, ixhomekeke kula macandelo abalulekileyo ukuze yenze imisebenzi yayo. Uyilo olucokisekileyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezi nxalenye ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke inqwelomoya ihamba kakuhle kwaye isebenze ngokusemandleni.
Ukuba unomdla wokuphonononga ikhondo lomsebenzi wokubhabha okanye ufuna nje ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokubhabha, cinga ngokufikelela Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Ngeenkqubo zabo zoqeqesho lweengcali kunye nezibonelelo zaseburhulumenteni, banokukunceda ukuba uthathe amanyathelo okuqala ekuphumezeni umsebenzi wokubhabha usukelo. Qala uhambo lwakho namhlanje kwaye ufumane ukuqonda okunzulu kwehlabathi elinomdla lokubhabha!
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokuhlawulela isikolo sokubhabha.
