intshayelelo
Isenzeko somoya sibambe indawo yoloyiko kunye nenkxalabo phakathi kweenqwelomoya ukusukela oko abazalwana bakwaWright waqala waya esibhakabhakeni. Njengamandla endalo, ayinakuqikelelwa njengoko ikho kuyo yonke indawo, ichaphazela zonke iinkalo zohambo lwenqwelomoya ukusuka ekundulukeni ukuya kwindawo ekumisa kuyo. Ukuwuqonda ayingomsebenzi wemfundo wabaqhubi beenqwelomoya; ngumba obalulekileyo kwiseti yabo yesakhono, eyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenqwelomoya.
La mandla endalo, kukuhamba komoya kwiindawo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Nangona kubonakala kulula, lo mba wemozulu uchaphazela iipatheni zemozulu kwaye, ukongezelela, ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya. Indlela yokuziphatha inokuthamba kwaye iqikeleleke okanye iguquguquke kwaye ibe yingozi. Ngaloo ndlela, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bafumane ulwazi olunzulu lwendlela etshintsha ngayo ukuhamba esibhakabhakeni ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwabo bangaphandle kwenqwelomoya, ukubaluleka kusenokungabonakali ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, icela umngeni kwaye ixhobisa abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ngokulinganayo. Sisandla esingabonakaliyo esinokukhokela inqwelo-moya kakuhle kwindawo eya kuyo okanye ibeke umqobo owoyikekayo ovavanya ubuchule bomqhubi wenqwelo-moya. Intetho eqhubekayo malunga nalo mandla endalo kunye nendima yawo kuphapho inamandla njengoko ibalulekile.
Ukuqonda iSiseko
Phambi kokuphonononga kwiinkcukacha zendlela umoya odibana ngayo nokubhabha, umntu kufuneka aqale aqonde iziseko zesi siganeko sisemoyeni. La mandla endalo aveliswa kukufudumeza okungalinganiyo komphezulu woMhlaba lilanga, okudala iindawo ezinoxinzelelo olwahluka-hlukeneyo lomoya. Okukhona umahluko omkhulu kuxinzelelo phakathi kweendawo ezimbini, kokukhona unamandla umoya oveliswayo njengoko umoya ubaleka ukusuka kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi.
Isiphumo seCoriolis, esisisiphumo sokujikeleza koMhlaba, sikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicala kunye nesantya. Esi siphumo sibangela ukuba ijike isalathiso ukuya ngasekunene kwi-Hemisphere yoMntla kunye nasekhohlo kwi-Hemisphere eseMazantsi, idala iipateni ezahlukeneyo ezifunyanwa kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngaphaya koko, imbonakalo yomhlaba enje ngeentaba, iintlambo, kunye nemithombo yamanzi inokuphembelela indlela yokuziphatha kwendawo, yongeza ukuntsonkotha ngakumbi kwizibalo zayo ezinxulumeneyo.
Kwinqanaba elisisiseko, ilinganiswa ngokwesantya kunye nesalathiso sayo. Ezi mpawu zimbini zibalulekile ekuqondeni impembelelo enokubakho kwimisebenzi yenqwelo-moya. Isantya somoya siqhele ukubonakaliswa ngamaqhina (iimayile zolwandle ngeyure) kuphapho, ngelixa isalathiso sawo sinikwa ngokweedigri xa kuthelekiswa nokumantla wokwenyani. Ukuqonda okubanzi kwezi mpawu kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ekufuneka batolike kwaye balungelelanise iimeko eziguqukayo.
Iziphumo kwiNqwelo-moya yeNqwelomoya: Imbono yoMqali wendlela
Ukusuka kwindawo yomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, la mandla endalo aliqabane elihlala lihleli esibhakabhakeni, elinokunceda kunye nomngeni kwinkqubo yokubhabha. Umoya ovuthuzayo unokwandisa ixesha kunye namafutha afunekayo ukuze ufike kwindawo oya kuyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imimoya ejikelezayo, ehamba kwicala elinye nenqwelomoya, inokubonelela ngenkxaso eluncedo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kunye nexesha lokuhamba.
Ii-Crosswinds zinika umngeni okhethekileyo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokunduluka kunye nokuhla. Ezi zivuthela zithe gqolo kwindlela yenqwelomoya kwaye zinokubangela ukuba inqwelomoya imke endleleni ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka basebenzise iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokubuyekeza iziphumo zokuwela umoya, baqinisekise ukuba inqwelo-moya ihlala ilungelelene nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya okanye indlela yokubhabha ecetywayo.
Ukucheba umoya yenye into ebalulekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya. Lo mcimbi ubandakanya utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwisantya kunye/okanye kwicala kumgama omfutshane, olunokuthi lwenzeke ngokuthe tye nathe nkqo. Oku kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi ngamaxesha abalulekileyo ohambo lwenqwelo-moya, njengokusuka nokuhla, kwaye kufuna ukuba umqhubi wenqwelo-moya aphathwe ngokukhawuleza nangobuchule ukuze agcine ulawulo lwenqwelomoya.
IiNgqwalasela eziPhambili kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya
Xa belungiselela ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafanele bacinge ngezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ngokuphathelele oko. Okokuqala nokuphambili, ingcaciso yaphambi kokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ibandakanya uphononongo olucokisekileyo lweemeko zangoku neziqikelelweyo ecaleni kwendlela ecwangcisiweyo kunye nasekuhambeni nakwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya. Olu lwazi lubumba izigqibo ezininzi zomqhubi wenqwelomoya, ukusuka ekuphuculweni kwendlela yenqwelomoya ukuya kwizibalo zomthwalo wamafutha.
Enye into eqwalaselwayo kukulinganiselwa kwenqwelo-moya. Iinqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo zineenxalenye ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokuwela umoya, eziyalela esona santya siphezulu sokunqumla umoya ezinokuthi basiphathe ngokukhuselekileyo ngexesha lokunduluka nokumisa. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bamele bayiphaphele le mida ukuze baphephe ukusebenzisa inqwelo-moya kwiimeko ezingaphaya kwamandla ayo.
Ngaphezulu ikwadlala indima kwiingcamango zayo. Ngokubanzi, la mandla endalo yomelele kwaye ayaguquguquka ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ezinokuthi zibe luncedo ekusebenzeni ngomkhumbi. Nangona kunjalo, isiphithi-phithi okubangelwa ngala mandla endalo kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na indawo ephakamileyo, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka balungele ukulawula ukukhululeka kunye nokhuseleko lwabakhweli kunye nabasebenzi kwiimeko ezinjalo.
Iimpembelelo zeendidi ezahlukeneyo zomoya kwinqwelomoya
Iimpembelelo zeentlobo ngeentlobo zenqwelomoya zinokwahluka kakhulu, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baxhotyiswe ukuhlangabezana nemeko nganye. Iindidi zorhwebo, umzekelo, yimimoya engatshintshiyo enokuthi ilungele iinqwelomoya kwiindlela ezithile, ezinokunciphisa ixesha lokubhabha. Iijet streams, kwelinye icala, zizibhanti ezimxinwa zomoya onamandla phezulu emoyeni ezinokufikelela kwisantya esingaphaya kwama-200 knots. Ukubhabha ngomjelo wejethi kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle, kodwa ukubhabha ngokuchasene nayo kunokuba ngumqobo obalulekileyo.
Amaza eentaba, abangelwa ngumoya oqukuqelayo phezu kweentaba, anokubangela isiphithiphithi esinzulu nokuhla, nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko kukhuseleko nokuthuthuzeleka kweenqwelo-moya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baqeqeshwe ukuze babone iimpawu zeemeko zamaza entaba kwaye bazi indlela yokuhamba phakathi okanye ukuyijikeleza.
Iintlobo ze-Thermal, eziveliswa ngumahluko wokufudumeza kwendawo, zingenza iimeko ezinzima kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuhamba kunye nezigaba zokumisa indiza. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuhlaziyweni okungalindelekanga kunye nokuhla, okwenza kube yimfuneko ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baqaphele kwaye baphendule ukugcina indlela ezinzileyo.
Njani Abaqhubi Bahamba Ngeemeko Zomoya
Ukuhamba ngenqanawa kwiimeko ezinomoya bubungqina bobuchule noqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuchasa imiphumo yala mandla endalo. Ngokomzekelo, xa bejamelene nemimoya enqumlayo xa bemisa, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokusebenzisa le ndlela “yoononkala,” bejongisa inqwelo-moya emoyeni ukuze bagcine indlela ethe ngqo yokubhabha isiya kumgaqo weenqwelo-moya. Njengoko besondela ezantsi, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baqhuba “i-de-crab” indlela yokulungelelanisa inqwelo-moya nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya.
Kwimeko yomoya ovuthuzayo kunye ne-tailwinds, abaqhubi bahlengahlengisa i-airspeed yabo ukuze bagcine isantya esifanelekileyo somhlaba, ukuqinisekisa ukufika ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokugcina ukuhlukana okukhuselekileyo kwezinye iinqwelo-moya. Isoftware yokucwangcisa inqwelomoya ikwanceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bakhethe iindlela ezithatha ithuba lomoya ovumayo, ngaloo ndlela zilondoloza amafutha kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo.
Xa ujongana ne-wind-shear, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baxhomekeke kuqeqesho kunye neengcamango ezikhawulezayo. Kufuneka balungele ukwandisa amandla e-injini kwaye balungelelanise i-pitch yenqwelo-moya ukulwa nelahleko yequbuliso okanye ukuzuza kwesantya somoya okubangelwa kukucheba-moya. Iinqwelo-moya zale mihla zidla ngokuxhotyiswa ngezixhobo zokubona ukucheba umoya ezilumkisa kwangethuba, nto leyo enika abaqhubi ixesha elixabisekileyo lokusabela.
Izixhobo kunye noBuchule bokuQikelela
Ngethamsanqa, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abashiywa ukuba bajongane nemingeni yomoya bodwa. Uluhlu lwezixhobo kunye nobuchule bukhona ukuqikelela iimeko zomoya kunye nesikhokelo sokwenziwa kwezigqibo. Imozulu yerada, imifanekiso yesathelayithi, kunye nezikhululo zemozulu ezisemhlabeni zibonelela ngedatha yexesha lokwenyani kuyo kunye nezinye izinto zemozulu. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya nabo banokufikelela Uqikelelo lweTheminali yeAerodrome (TAFs) kunye neeTshati zeMozulu eziBalulekileyo (SIGWX), ezibonelela ngeengqikelelo ngeemeko zomoya kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezithile nakwiindlela zenqwelomoya.
Iisistim zekhompyutha zokucwangcisa inqwelomoya zidibanisa le datha yemozulu ukucebisa iindlela ezizezona zibhabhayo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izantya zomoya kunye nezalathiso kumphakamo owahlukileyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokusebenzisa le nkcazelo ukuze bacebe iindlela ezinqanda imimoya ebhudlayo okanye basebenzise amaza olwandle.
Esinye isixhobo esibalulekileyo kwi-arsenal yomqhubi we-arsenal yiNgxelo yePilot (PIREP), equka i-akhawunti yangasese evela kwabanye abaqhubi malunga neemeko zemozulu abaye bahlangabezana nazo. Ezi ngxelo zinokuba luncedo ekuqondeni indlela yokwenyani yokuziphatha yala mandla endalo kunye nefuthe lawo kwimisebenzi yenqwelomoya.
Indima ekundulukeni nasekufikeni
Ukumka kunye nokumisa zezona zigaba zibalulekileyo zokubhabha, kwaye umoya udlala indima esembindini kuzo zombini. Ngexesha lokumka, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo icandelo lomoya ophuma entloko ukuze babale ubude bendlela yeenqwelo-moya efunekayo ukuze banyuke ngendlela ekhuselekileyo. Umoya ovuthuzayo onamandla unokuwunciphisa umgama wokusuka, ngelixa isaqhwithi somsila sinokuwunyusa kakhulu. Ukuchaneka nokuqwalaselwa kweenkcukacha kubaluleke kakhulu kolu zibalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inqwelomoya inesithuba esaneleyo sokuhamba emoyeni.
Ukufika kuzisa imingeni yayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlole iimeko zabo ukuze babone owona mgaqo weenqwelo-moya ufanelekileyo wokumisa, bethathela ingqalelo imiba efana nesantya, icala ngakulo kunye nobukho bemimoya enqumlayo. Indlela yokufikelela inokufuneka ihlengahlengiswe ukuze iphendule ukukhukuliseka komoya, kwaye ulawulo lwesantya somoya luba lubaluleke ngakumbi ekuchukumiseni okugudileyo nokukhuselekileyo.
Ukuma kwe-Crosswind kufuna iqondo eliphezulu lobuchule bomqhubi wenqwelomoya, njengoko kufuneka bagcine ulawulo lomkhombandlela ngelixa bejongene nokuvuthuza okunokwenzeka. Ubuchwephesha obufana nolu lukhankanywe ngasentla “loononkala” kunye no “de-crab” luyimfuneko ukuze inqwelo-moya ilungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya kunye nokufikelela kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
Umngeni kunye neThuba lePilot
La mandla endalo ngumceli mngeni okhoyo kwindawo yonke kuphapho, efuna uqwalaselo oluthe gqolo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuqhelanisa nabaqhubi. Nangona kunjalo, ikwabonelela ngamathuba kwabo bawaqondayo ama-nuances ayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanobuchule bokuhamba kwiindawo ezinomoya banokuyiphucula indlela esebenza ngayo inqwelo-moya, banciphise ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, baze baqinisekise ukuba abakhweli bazotofela.
Ngaphezu koko, ifuthe lomoya kwinqwelomoya alikho kummandla womsebenzi wenqwelo-moya kuphela. Iphembelela uyilo lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya, ukuquka ukuqhelaniswa nomgaqo weenqwelo-moya, oqhele ukulungelelaniswa ukulungiselela icala elikhoyo lomoya ukulungiselela ukunduluka okufanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokumisa. La mandla endalo nawo adlala indima ekuphuhliseni ubugcisa obutsha bokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya, obufana neenkqubo zokuqhuba ezincediswa ngumoya ezijonge ukusebenzisa amandla awo ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwamafutha.
Ezandleni zomqhubi wenqwelomoya onobuchule, umoya uyayeka ukuba lucelomngeni nje; iba ngumhlobo onamandla. Ubuchule bezakhono ezinxulumene nomoya luphawu olwahlulayo lwee-aviator eziqeqeshiweyo, ezinegalelo kukhuseleko olupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweshishini lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
isiphelo
La mandla endalo angamandla asisiseko abumba amava okubhabha. Ukususela oko inqwelo-moya iwushiya umhlaba ide ibuye, umoya yinto emele ihlonelwe yaye iqondwe. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bachitha iiyure ezininzi befunda ngendlela eziphatha ngayo, befunda iindlela zokuhlangabezana nokuguquguquka kwayo, nokusebenzisa amandla ayo ukuze kungenelwe bona.
Uhambo olutyhutyha imbonakalo-mhlaba eguquguqukayo yala mandla endalo lolokufunda rhoqo nokuziqhelanisa. Njengoko itekhnoloji ihambela phambili kunye nokuqonda kwethu iziganeko zemozulu iya isiba nzulu, uluntu lweenqwelomoya luyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa iindlela ezinobunkunkqele zokuqikelela, ukuhambahamba, kunye nokuzisebenzisa. Kukuzibophelela okungagungqiyo ekugqweseni okuqinisekisa ukuba isibhakabhaka sihlala singummandla wokhuseleko nethuba.
Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ayingomqobo nje; sisikhumbuzo esihlala sikhona sobuchule kunye nokuchaneka okufunekayo ukoyisa isibhakabhaka. Ngenqwelomoya nganye, babonisa ukukwazi kwabo ukusebenzisa amandla, beyijika ukusuka kumngeni wemozulu ibe yi-asethi exabisekileyo kubugcisa bokubhabha.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
