Intshayelelo yePitot Tube
Umbhobho wepitot sisixhobo esilula kodwa esibalulekileyo esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isantya senqwelomoya xa sithelekiswa nomoya oyijikelezileyo. Nangona sibonakala silula, esi sixhobo sobuchule besisoloko sisetyenziswa kwinqwelo-moya ngaphezu kwenkulungwane. Ngokubona umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo lomoya ongatshintshiyo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu olubangelwa kukuhamba kwenqwelo-moya ukuya phambili, iityhubhu zepitot zibonelela ngesantya esichanekileyo sokufunda ngesantya somoya abaxhomekeke kuzo abaqhubi xa besebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.
Imvelaphi yombhobho inokulandwa emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 xa uHenri Pitot, injineli yaseFransi, waqala ukuphuhlisa ingcamango. Nangona ekuqaleni yayisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuhamba kolwelo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuphapho kwaliguqula ishishini, ivumela abaqhubi ukuba babeke iliso ngokuchanekileyo isantya sabo somoya – into ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya, ngakumbi ngexesha lokunduluka nokuhla. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kukhokelele kuyilo oluntsonkothileyo lwetyhubhu yepitot, kodwa umgaqo osisiseko uhlala ungatshintshi, ubungqina bokuhlala kuqaqambile kolu yilo lulula kodwa luphawulekayo.
Umgaqo Osisiseko Osemva Kwezinto Ezibonwayo
Ukusebenza kombhobho kusekelwe kumgaqo othe ngqo kodwa onobuchule: ulinganisa umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo lomoya ongatshintshiyo ojikeleze inqwelo-moya kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu olubangelwa kukuhamba kwenqwelo-moya ukuya phambili. Lo mahluko woxinzelelo ubambe isitshixo sokumisela ngokuchanekileyo isantya somoya senqwelomoya.
Njengoko inqwelo-moya ihamba emoyeni, ihlangabezana nokuxhathisa kwiimolekyuli zomoya, ezibangela ukuba zifumbe phambi kokuvuleka kombhobho wepitot. Oku kuqokelelwa kweemolekyuli zomoya kubangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu, olubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo. Kwangaxeshanye, uxinzelelo olumileyo, oluluxinzelelo lomoya ojikeleze inqwelomoya, lulinganiswa ngamazibuko amileyo ahlukeneyo. Ngokuthelekisa ezi ndlela zimbini zoxinzelelo, lo mbhobho unokubala isantya senqwelo-moya ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo, unike abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ulwazi olubalulekileyo ukuze bahambe ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nenempumelelo.
Ngokubala umahluko phakathi kwezi ngcinezelo zimbini, iityhubhu zepitot zinokusibona ngokuchanekileyo isantya senqwelo-moya. Le ngcamango ilula kodwa inobuchule ibe sisiseko somlinganiselo wesantya somoya kangangamashumi eminyaka, inika abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ulwazi olubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo ngenqwelomoya.
Indima yePitot Tubes kwiAviation
Le mibhobho idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphapho ngokubonelela ngokufundwa kwesantya somoya ngokuchanekileyo, okuyimfuneko kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza kwenqwelomoya. Ezinye izicelo eziphambili ziquka:
UCwangciso lweFlight: Ulwazi lwesantya somoya lubalulekile ekubaleni ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha, amaxesha okubhabha, kunye nolunye uqwalaselo lolungiselelo ngexesha lokucwangciswa kwenqwelomoya.
UkuJonga ukuSebenza kweNqwelomoya: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baxhomekeke kwidatha yesantya somoya ukuze babeke iliso baze bahlengahlengise indlela inqwelo-moya eqhuba ngayo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okubhabha, njengokusuka, ukunyuka, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, nokumisa.
Izixokelelwano zeNqaku lesilumkiso: Iinqwelo-moya ezininzi zale mihla zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokulumkisa ngeendawo zokutyela ezisebenzisa i-pitot tube data ukulumkisa abaqhubi xa inqwelo-moya isondela kwindawo yokumisa, nto leyo ebavumela ukuba bathabathe amanyathelo okulungisa.
Ulawulo Lwendlela Yomoya: Abalawuli bezithuthi zomoya sebenzisa ulwazi lwesantya somoya ukulawula nokulungelelanisa iintshukumo zenqwelomoya, ukuqinisekisa ulwahlulo olukhuselekileyo kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kwezithuthi.
Indlela iPitot Tube ilinganisa ngayo isantya somoya
Inkqubo yokulinganisa isantya somoya kusetyenziswa ityhubhu ibandakanya amacandelo amaninzi asebenza ngokudibeneyo. Nantsi inkcazo yezinto eziphambili:
Umbhobho wePitot: Eli nenekazi ngokwalo lingumbhobho obhityileyo, ojonge phambili obamba uxinzelelo lomoya njengoko inqwelo-moya ihamba kuyo.
Izibuko ezimileyo: Ibekwe kwifuselage yenqwelo-moya okanye emaphikweni, amazibuko amileyo alinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya ojikeleze inqwelo-moya, ebonelela ngexabiso loxinzelelo oluzinzileyo.
IiTransducers zoxinzelelo: Ezi zixhobo ziguqula iiyantlukwano zoxinzelelo phakathi kwetyhubhu ye-pitot kunye nezibuko ezimileyo zibe ziimpawu zombane ezinokutolikwa ngesixhobo senqwelomoya.
Isalathisi se-Airspeed: Isalathisi sesantya somoya, esiqhele ukufunyanwa kwiphaneli yesixhobo somqhubi wenqwelo-moya, sibonisa isantya somoya senqwelomoya ngokutolika imiqondiso yombane evela kwiziguquli zoxinzelelo.
Ngokubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokubala umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo kunye ne-static, ezi zityhubhu zibonelela ngolwazi lwexesha langempela le-airspeed kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ukuqinisekisa ukuba banokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi ngexesha leemeko ezahlukeneyo zendiza.
Iindidi zeMibhobho yePitot esetyenziswa kwiiNqwelomoya
Ngelixa umgaqo osisiseko usafana, iityhubhu zepitot ziza kuyilo olwahlukeneyo kunye nohlengahlengiso ukuze zihambelane neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelomoya kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Nazi ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeetyhubhu zepitot:
Umbhobho wePitot othe ngqo: Olu luyilo olulula lubandakanya ityhubhu ethe tye, ejonge phambili ebambe uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo ngokuthe ngqo.
Umbhobho wePitot oshushu: Kwiimeko zemozulu ezibandayo, iityhubhu zepitot zinokuthintelwa kukugcwala komkhenkce. Iityhubhu ezifudumalayo zisebenzisa izinto zokufudumeza zombane ukuthintela ukubunjwa komkhenkce, ukuqinisekisa ukufundwa kwesantya somoya ngokuchanekileyo.
I-Pitot-Static Tube: Olu luyilo ludibanisa ityhubhu ye-pitot kunye namazibuko angatshintshiyo abe yiyunithi enye, ukwenza lula ukufakela kunye nokugcinwa.
Imibhobho yeePitot ezimbini: Ezinye iinqwelomoya zineenkqubo zetyhubhu zepitot ezingafunekiyo, ezineetyhubhu ezimbini ezizimeleyo zokhuseleko olongezelelweyo kunye nokuthembeka.
Inkqubo yoVavanyo lweDatha yoMoya (FADS): Iinqwelomoya zale mihla zihlala zisebenzisa iinkqubo ze-FADS, ezidibanisa ukusebenza kwetyhubhu yepitot kulusu lwenqwelomoya, inciphisa ukutsalwa nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-aerodynamic.
ULondolozo noKhuseleko
Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuchanekileyo nokuthembekileyo kweetyhubhu ze-pitot. Nantsi eminye imiba ephambili:
Uhlolo lwarhoqo: Iityhubhu kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo ukuba kukho naziphi na izithintelo, umonakalo, okanye ukubola okunokuthi kuchaphazele ukusebenza kwazo.
I-Pitot Tube Covers: Xa ingasetyenziswa, kufuneka igqunywe ukukhusela i-debris, izinambuzane, okanye ezinye izinto zangaphandle ukuba zingene kwaye zithintele ityhubhu.
Uvavanyo lweNkqubo yePitot-Static: Uvavanyo lwexesha lenkqubo yonke ye-pitot-static, kubandakanywa iityhubhu ze-pitot, amazibuko angatshintshiyo, kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nazo, kubalulekile ukuchonga nokujongana nayo nayiphi na imiba enokubakho.
Ukungafuneki kunye neeNkqubo zeBackup: Iinqwelomoya ezininzi zale mihla zibandakanya iinkqubo zetyhubhu yepitot engafunekiyo okanye izixhobo zokulinganisa isantya somoya ukuze ziqinisekise ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwimeko yokusilela kwetyhubhu yepitot.
Ngokuthobela iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokugcina kunye neeprothokholi zokhuseleko, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kunye nabasebenzi bokulondoloza banokunciphisa umngcipheko wale ziganeko ezinxulumene ne-tube kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kolwazi lwe-airspeed.
Imiba eqhelekileyo eneMibhobho yePitot kwiiNqwelo-moya
Ngaphandle koyilo lwabo olomeleleyo kunye nendima ebalulekileyo, ezi ityhubhu ngamanye amaxesha zinokudibana nemiba enokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwazo. Ezinye iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
Umkhenkce: Kwiimeko zemozulu ezibandayo, ukwakhiwa komkhenkce kwiibhubhu kunokuthintela ukuhamba komoya, okukhokelela ekufundweni kwe-airspeed engachanekanga okanye ukuvala ngokupheleleyo.
Inkunkuma Yento Yangaphandle (FOD): Izinambuzane, uthuli, okanye obunye ubumdaka bunokuthi bungene kwaye buthintele iityhubhu zepitot, zibangele izalathiso zesantya somoya ezigwenxa.
Umonakalo okanye ukuMhlwa: Umonakalo womzimba okanye ukubola kwiphubhu ye-pitot ngokwayo inokuchaphazela amandla ayo okulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo.
Ukuvuza kwi-Pitot-Static System: Ukuvuza kwinkqubo ye-pitot-static, kubandakanywa i-tubing okanye ukudibanisa, kunokubangela ukufundwa koxinzelelo olungachanekanga kunye nolwazi olungathembekanga lwe-airspeed.
Iintsilelo zeziXhobo: Nangona kunqabile, ukungaphumeleli kwii-transducers zoxinzelelo, izikhombisi ze-airspeed, okanye ezinye izixhobo ezinxulumene nazo zingakhokelela ekuboniseni i-airspeed engalunganga.
Ukuthomalalisa le miba, abavelisi beenqwelomoya, abaqhubi, kunye namaqumrhu alawulayo baphumeze iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothintelo, ezinje ngeetyhubhu zepitot ezifudumalayo, iinkqubo ezingafunekiyo, kunye nemigaqo yokugcinwa engqongqo.
Imbali yeEvolution n Aviation
I-tube ityhubhu inembali ecebileyo ebuyela kwiintsuku zokuqala ze-aviation. Nantsi inkcazo emfutshane ngendalo yayo:
Oovulindlela bokuqala: Ingqikelelo yokulinganisa uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo ukumisela isantya somoya yacetywa okokuqala yinjineli yaseFransi uHenri Pitot ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18. Umsebenzi wakhe wabeka isiseko sophuhliso lwe-pitot tube.
Izicelo zoPhapho kwangethuba: Njengoko iteknoloji yezomoya yayiqhubela phambili ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 nasekuqaleni kweyama-20, zalungiselelwa ukusetyenziswa kwinqwelo-moya, zibonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lwesantya somoya kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi II kunye nangaphaya: Ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, imfuno yomlinganiselo ochanekileyo wesantya somoya ikhokelele kuphuculo olongezelelweyo kunye nophuculo kuyilo lwetyhubhu kunye nokuveliswa.
Inkqubela phambili yangoku: Ngokufika kwetekhnoloji yezomoya zale mihla, iityhubhu zepitot ziye zavela ukuze zibandakanye izinto ezinje ngezinto zokufudumeza, uyilo olunyuswe ngokugungxulwayo, kunye nokudityaniswa neenkqubo zekhompyuter zedatha yomoya.
Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo: Njengoko inqwelomoya iqhubeleka nokutyhala imida yokuqalisa izinto ezintsha, iityhubhu zepitot zinokuhambela phambili ngakumbi, njengezinto eziphambili, uyilo oluphuculweyo lwe-aerodynamic, kunye nokudityaniswa nobuchwepheshe obuvelayo obufana neenqwelo-moya zasemoyeni ezingenamntu (ii-UAVs) kunye nezisombululo zokuhamba komoya ezidolophini.
Kuyo yonke imbali yayo, ityhubhu ye-pitot iye yahlala iyinto esisiseko kwinqwelomoya, ihlala iguquka ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno eziguqukayo kunye neemfuno zeshishini.
Ukuthelekisa nezinye izixhobo zoMlinganiselo we-Airspeed
Ngelixa ezi ityhubhu zezona zixhobo zokulinganisa isantya somoya kwinqwelomoya, aziyiyo yodwa inketho ekhoyo. Nalu uthelekiso olufutshane kunye nezinye iindlela ezizezinye:
I-Doppler Radar: Iinkqubo zerada zeDoppler zilinganisa ukutshintshwa kwamaza kanomathotholo abonakalisiweyo ukumisela isantya somhlaba wenqwelomoya kunye nesantya somoya. Ezi nkqubo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa emkhosini kunye nezicelo zophando.
I-Laser Airspeed Sensors: Ezinye iinqwelomoya zale mihla zisebenzisa i-laser-based sensors ye-airspeed elinganisa ixesha lokubhabha kwee-laser pulses ezibonakaliswe kwiimolekyuli zomoya ukubala isantya somoya.
IiNkqubo zokuHamba nge-Inertial (INS): Iisistim ze-INS zisebenzisa i-accelerometers kunye ne-gyroscopes ukulandelela indawo yenqwelomoya, isantya, kunye nesimo sengqondo, ezinokusetyenziswa ukuqikelela isantya somoya ngokungangqalanga.
IiNkqubo zeSathelayithi zokuHamba ngeHlabathi (GNSS): I-GNSS, efana ne-GPS, inokubonelela ngesantya somhlaba, esinokudityaniswa nedatha yomoya ukuqikelela isantya somoya.
Nangona ezi ndlela ezizezinye zibonelela ngeenzuzo kunye nobuchule obukhethekileyo, Ezi ityhubhu zihlala zisona sisombululo sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye sithembekileyo sokulinganisa isantya somoya kwiinqwelomoya ezininzi ngenxa yokulula, ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
isiphelo
Umbhobho wepitot, isixhobo esibonakala silula, uye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguqukeni kwenqwelomoya. Ukukwazi kwayo ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo i-airspeed kuye kwaba luncedo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenqwelo-moya emhlabeni jikelele. Ukusukela kwisiqalo esithobekileyo ukuya kuphindaphindo lwangoku, ityhubhu ye-pitot iyaqhubeka nokuba yinto eyimfuneko kwi-cockpit.
Njengoko iteknoloji yezomoya iqhubela phambili, ukubaluleka kwetyhubhu kuhlala kungancitshiswa. Ukuguquguquka kwayo, ukuthembeka, kunye nerekhodi eqinisekisiweyo yenza ukuba ibe liqabane elithembekileyo labaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye neengcali zomoya ngokufanayo. Ngelixa ezinye iindlela zokulinganisa isantya somoya ziqhubeka nokuvela, ilifa elihlala lihleli letyhubhu ye-pitot lisebenza njengobungqina bokubaluleka kwayo okusisiseko kwihlabathi elihlala liguquka lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Ukufunda ngakumbi kunye namanye amacandelo abalulekileyo ophapho, cinga ngokubhalisa Florida Flyers Flight Academy ikhosi egcweleyo ye-intanethi, "IiNkqubo zeNqwelo zeenqwelomoya." Le nkqubo enzulu igubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezihloko, ukusuka iAerodynamics Ukuhamba ngenqanawa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ukuqonda okupheleleyo kweenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo ezigcina iinqwelomoya zibhabha ngokukhuselekileyo esibhakabhakeni.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
