Ziziphi iiParameters zeMithetho yeFlight yesixhobo
Njengomntu oqhelekileyo, xa usiva ilizwi isixhobo, mhlawumbi ucinga ngomculo onjengeziginkci, iipiyano, okanye iivayolin. Kodwa kwinqwelomoya, izixhobo zithetha into eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Asithethi ngezixhobo zomculo ezingaphakathi kwinqwelo-moya. Imithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo iyiseti ekhethekileyo yemigaqo ekhokela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya xa bengakwazi ukubona ngaphandle kwendawo yokulala.
Xa amafu angqingqwa evale umphezulu okanye inkungu igqume umgaqo weenqwelo-moya, le migaqo ithatha indawo. Lonke ukujika, ukuphakama, kunye nokulungiswa kwekhosi kuxhomekeke kufundo lwezixhobo zenqwelomoya kunye nesikhokelo Ukulawulwa kwezithuthi zomoya.
Kweli nqaku, uya kufumanisa ukuba imithetho yesixhobo sokubhabha ikwenza njani ukuba ukubhabha kukhuseleke naxa ukubonakala kunguziro kunye nendlela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abanobuchule bokuhamba ngaphandle kokubonwayo.
Yintoni Instrument Flight Imithetho
Imithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo sisiseko senqwelomoya yanamhlanje. Luluhlu lweenkqubo ezixelela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya indlela yokubhabha ngokukhuselekileyo xa bengenako ukuthembela kwizinto ezibonwayo ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhwela abaqhubi.
Ngamagama alula, xa imozulu iguquka ibe mbi okanye ukubonakala kwehla, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bayatshintsha ekusebenziseni amehlo baze basebenzise izixhobo. Ezi zixhobo zibonisa ukuphakama, icala, isantya nesimo sengqondo, nto leyo evumela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuba ayilawule ngokuchanekileyo naxa engqongwe ngamafu.
Phantsi kwemithetho yezixhobo, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya uxhomekeke kulawulo lweenqwelo-moya ukuze afumane imiyalelo. Abalawuli bezithuthi zomoya ukubonelela ngeendlela, izihloko, kunye nokuphakama ukugcina zonke iinqwelomoya zahlulwe ngokukhuselekileyo esibhakabhakeni.
Yonke inqwelomoya yorhwebo oyithabathayo isebenza ngolu hlobo. Kwanaxa isibhakabhaka sibonakala sicacile, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaninzi basabhabha phantsi kwemithetho yokubhabha ngenxa yokuba iqinisekisa ukhuseleko, ukuchaneka nokulungelelana kwinqwelo-moya exakekileyo.
Injongo ilula: akukho ngqikelelo, akukho ukungaqiniseki, ukubhabha okuqhutywa yidatha okukhokelwa zizixhobo kunye nokunxibelelana rhoqo kunye nokulawulwa kweenqwelomoya.
Ukubaluleka kwe-IFR kuPhapho
Ukubhabha phantsi kwemithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo kungaphezulu kwemfuneko yobugcisa. Yintsika yohambo lwenqwelomoya olukhuselekileyo noluthembekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Xa ukubonakala kwehla okanye imozulu ijika ibe nzima, i-IFR iqinisekisa ukuba yonke intshukumo esibhakabhakeni ihlala iqikeleleka kwaye icwangcisiwe. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya balandela iinkqubo ezineenkcukacha ezisusa uqikelelo baze bafake endaweni yalo ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngaphandle kwe-IFR, ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya kwezorhwebo bekungenakwenzeka ngeentsuku ezininzi. Amafu, izaqhwithi, okanye iinqwelo-moya zasebusuku zazinokumisa amawaka eenqwelo-moya. Ngemigaqo yezixhobo zokubhabha, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokunduluka, babhabhe, baze bahlale ngokukhuselekileyo naxa bengayiboni intlaba-moya.
I-IFR ikwakhusela iinqwelomoya ezincinci zabucala. Ithintela iingozi ezibangelwa kukungaqondi kakuhle kwendawo, okwenzeka xa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya elahlekelwa yimvo yolungelelwaniso okanye intsingiselo. Izixhobo zinika ingxelo rhoqo egcina umgangatho wenqwelomoya kwaye uzinzile.
Ngokufutshane, ukubaluleka kwe-IFR kuphapho kulele kukhuseleko, ukuziphatha, kunye nokuthembeka. Iguqula isibhakabhaka esingabonakaliyo sibe ziindlela zomoya ezilawulwayo ezivumela izigidi zabakhweli ukuba bahambe ngokuzithemba yonke imihla.
Abaqhubi bezixhobo ezingundoqo bathembele kuyo
Xa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ebhabha phantsi kwemithetho yokubhabha, amehlo aba kwindawo yesibini. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo zizixhobo ezikhanyayo kwiphaneli. Ngamnye ubalisa ibali baze bebonke bapeyinte umfanekiso opheleleyo wokuba inqwelomoya iphi na, ihamba njani, nento elandelayo.
Nazi izixhobo eziphambili ekuxhomekeke kuzo umqhubi ngamnye:
- Isimo Sengqondo
- Altimeter
- Isalathisi se-Airspeed
- Isalathisi Sesihloko
- Jika uMququzeleli
- Isalathisi sesantya esithe nkqo
Ezi zixhobo zisebenza kunye njengeokhestra. Enye ibonisa ukuphakama, enye ibonisa indlela, ngelixa ezinye ziqinisekisa isantya kunye nokulinganisela.
Xa kubonakala kungabonakali, ezi zixhobo ziba ngamehlo omqhubi wenqwelo-moya.
Rhoqo kwiphaneli sisigqibo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafunda ukufunda iipateni endaweni yamanani omnye, ukutolika idatha njengenkqubo ephilayo ethetha ngesingqisho kunye nesiqhelo.
Phantsi kwemithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo, akukho ntshukumo ingaqhelekanga. Ukunyuka ngakunye, ukuhla, okanye ukujika kubalwa ngezi zixhobo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ngolawulo lwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni. Olu lungelelwaniso lugcina amakhulu eenqwelo-moya zahlulwe ngokukhuselekileyo nokuba zigqunywe ngamafu.
Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ukuthembela kwizixhobo kuthetha ukuthembela kuqeqesho lwabo. Luqeqesho kwintshukumo, isakhono esikhula ngeeyure zokuphindaphinda de ithuku kunye nedatha ibe yinto enye.
Izikhokelo zoLawulo lweZithuthi zoMoya ze-IFR IiFlights
Phantsi kwemithetho yenqwelomoya yezixhobo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kunye nabalawuli bezithuthi zomoya basebenza njengeqela elinye. Kanye umqhubi wefayile ye Isicwangciso senqwelomoya se-IFR, Ukutshintsha kokulawula ukusuka kwindiza ebonakalayo ukuya kunxibelelwano olukhokelwayo. Lonke ubude, icala, kunye nohlengahlengiso lwendlela luza ngemiyalelo ecacileyo yerediyo evela kulawulo lwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni.
Abalawuli banembono epheleleyo ye umoya ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo radar. Babeka esweni inqwelo-moya nganye, begcina umgama okhuselekileyo baze baqinisekise ukuba akukho ndlela zimbini zokubhabha ezinqumlanayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baxhomekeke kolu lwalathiso ukuze bahlale endleleni, ingakumbi xa bengakwazi ukubona ezinye iinqwelo-moya okanye umhlaba.
Ngexesha ngalinye lenqanaba lokubhabha, ulawulo lunikezelwa ukusuka kwesinye isikhululo ukuya kwesinye. Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya usenokuqalisa ngolawulo oluphantsi komhlaba, emva koko alandele inqaba, asondele, aze ekugqibeleni abe ngabalawuli abajonga ukuhamba umgama omde. Olu lungelelaniso lugcina ukuthuthwa kweenqwelo-moya kuhle, kwanaxa amakhulu eenqwelo-moya ahamba ngesibhakabhaka esinye.
Kwihlabathi lemithetho yenqwelomoya yezixhobo, ulawulo lwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni sisandla esingabonakaliyo esikhokela yonke intshukumo. Ithatha indawo yokubona ngesakhiwo ize ijike isibhakabhaka esintsonkothileyo sibe ziindlela zomoya ezilungelelanisiweyo apho ukhuseleko lungaze lushiywe luzenzekele.
Njani kwaye phi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafunda iMithetho yeFlight yeSixhobo
nokufunda isixhobo sokubhabha sibhabha iqala ngosukelo olunye lokubhabha ngokuzithemba xa ihlabathi elingaphandle kwendawo yokulala linyamalala. Wonke umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ofumana umlinganiselo wesixhobo ufunda ukutshintsha ithuku lokubonwayo ngokuziphatha, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuthembela ngokupheleleyo kwizixhobo zakhe.
Inkqubo iqala ngezifundo zaseklasini apho abafundi bafunda iipateni zemozulu, iinkqubo ze-airspace, kunye nengqiqo emva konxibelelwano lwe-IFR. Bafunda indlela yokufunda iitshathi, ukuqonda iinkqubo zikanomathotholo, kunye nokucwangcisa iindlela ngokusekwe kwizixhobo.
Emva kwethiyori kuza ukuziqhelanisa. Abafundi bachitha iiyure besebenzisa izixhobo zokulingisa nakwiindawo zokukhwela abaqhubi bokwenene, befunda ukubhabha emafini, ukulandela imixholo, nokutolika ulwimi lolawulo lweenqwelo-moya. Umsebenzi ngamnye wakha ukuchaneka kunye nokuzola ukucinga phantsi koxinzelelo.
Izikolo ezininzi ngenqwelomoya zibonelela ngolu qeqesho, kodwa bambalwa abalwenzayo ngolwakhiwo kunye nokujolisa Florida Flyers Flight Academy. I-academy ibonelela ngesiseko esomeleleyo kuqeqesho lwe-IFR, ukudibanisa iimeko zehlabathi zangempela kunye nabafundisi abaqinisekisiweyo abakhokela abafundi kwisigaba ngasinye sesixhobo sokubhabha. Yindawo apho abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abafumani nje ilayisenisi, kodwa ukuzithemba ukubhabha ngokukhuselekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko yemozulu.
IFR vs VFR: Iiyantlukwano ezingundoqo
Yonke inqwelomoya iqala ngesigqibo - ukubhabha ngokubona okanye ngezixhobo. Ezi nkqubo zimbini zaziwa njenge Imithetho yeFlight ebonakalayo (VFR) kunye neMithetho yeFlight yesixhobo (IFR). Zombini zisebenza injongo enye, kodwa zilandela iindlela ezahluke kakhulu kwindlela umqhubi wenqwelomoya asebenza ngayo kwaye uhlala ekhuselekile.
phantsi I-VFR, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ubhabha ngokuyintloko ngokujonga ngaphandle. Iimpawu zomhlaba, i-horizon, kunye neemeko zemozulu zikhokela yonke intshukumo. Ilungele isibhakabhaka esicacileyo, iinqwelomoya ezimfutshane, kunye nendawo elula yomoya. Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya unenkululeko kodwa kufuneka kwakhona athabathe uxanduva olupheleleyo lokungafihli kumafu nezinye iinqwelo-moya.
phantsi IFR, yonke into iyatshintsha. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya uxhomekeke kwizixhobo endaweni yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ulawulo lwezithuthi zomoya luba sisikhokelo, ukulawula ukuphakama, indlela, kunye nokwahlula phakathi kwenqwelomoya. Ifuna uqeqesho olungakumbi kunye nesatifikethi, kodwa ikwavumela iinqwelomoya ukuba ziqhubeke ngokukhuselekileyo ngenkungu, izaqhwithi, okanye ubumnyama.
Ngamagama alula, i-VFR yinkululeko ekhokelwa ngumbono, ngelixa i-IFR iyisakhiwo esikhokelwa ngokuchanekileyo. Zombini zizinto eziyimfuneko kuphapho, kodwa xa zidibene zenza ulungelelwano phakathi kohambo kunye nokhuseleko olugcina isibhakabhaka sivulekele lonke uhlobo lomqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Itekhnoloji ye-IFR yanamhlanje kunye ne-Automation
Iinqwelomoya zale mihla zisebenza kakuhle ngokuchaneka, kwaye imithetho yenqwelo-moya yezixhobo iye yavela ecaleni kobugcisa ukwenza ukubhabha kukhuseleke, kucace kwaye kusebenze ngakumbi. Iindwendwe zanamhlanje azikhange zifane nezo zamandulo. Izikrini zithathe indawo yokudayela, iinkqubo zinxibelelana ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye ukukhangela kuye kwaba ludibaniso olungenamthungo lwedatha kunye nolawulo.
Nazi iitekhnoloji eziphambili ezichaza ukubhabha kwe-IFR yangoku:
1. IiNkqubo zokuHamba ngeGPS
I-Global Positioning System (GPS) iteknoloji iye yatshintsha indlela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abahamba ngayo phantsi kwemithetho yezixhobo zokubhabha. Kunokuba zithembele kwimiqondiso esemhlabeni, ngoku iinqwelo-moya zisebenzisa iisathelayithi ukuze zimi kakuhle. Oku kunika abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuchaneka okukhulu, nokunqumla iilwandlekazi okanye iindawo ezikude apho usasazo lukanomathotholo lubuthathaka.
2. Iziboniso ze-Cockpit zeglasi
Iigeyiji ze-analog ezindala zitshintshwe ngezikrini zedijithali ezinenkcazo ephezulu ezaziwa ngokuba zii-cockpits zeglasi. Ezi nkqubo zidibanisa yonke idatha ye-flight kwi-interface enye ecacileyo, evumela abaqhubi ukuba babeke iliso kwi-altitude, i-airspeed, i-heading, kunye nokusebenza kwe-injini ngokukrwaqula.
3. I-Autopilot kunye ne-Flight Management Systems
I-automation ithathe ukusebenza kakuhle kwenqwelomoya ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha. Iinkqubo zokuziqhuba ngokuzilawulayo ngoku ziyakwazi ukuyilawula inqwelo-moya ngokunyuka, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, nokuhla ngelixa abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya behlola imisebenzi. Inkqubo yolawulo lwendiza (FMS) idibanisa ukucwangciswa kwendlela, ukuhamba, kunye nokubeka iliso kwiyunithi enye ehlakaniphile enciphisa umsebenzi kunye nephutha lomntu.
4. IZixhobo zokuQatshelwa kweMozulu kunye nomhlaba
Iinqwelomoya zale mihla zixhotyiswe ngeradar, izinzwa, kunye neemephu zedijithali ezibonisa iimeko zemozulu kunye neenkcukacha zomhlaba. Ezi zixhobo zinceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba benze izigqibo ezikhawulezayo xa bephepha izaqhwithi okanye begcina umphakamo ngokungabonakali kakuhle.
5. IiNkqubo zoNxibelelwano kunye neDatha yeDatha
Amakhonkco edatha ephezulu adibanisa inqwelomoya ngokuthe ngqo kunye nolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya. Imiyalezo enjengokutshintsha kwendlela okanye uhlaziyo lwemozulu inokuthunyelwa nge-elektroniki, inciphisa ukuxinana koonomathotholo kunye nokuphucula ukucaca ngexesha. IFR imisebenzi.
Ukunyuka kwe-automation akuthathanga indawo yendima yomqhubi. Ivele yayiphucula. Imithetho yenqwelomoya yesixhobo sanamhlanje idibanisa isigwebo somntu ngokuchaneka kwedijithali, ukudala umgangatho wokhuseleko nokuthembeka ochaza imigangatho yezophapho yanamhlanje.
Imingeni ye-IFR eqhelekileyo abajongene nayo abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya
Ukubhabha phantsi kwemithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo kujongeka kuzolile ngaphandle, kodwa ngaphakathi kwi-cockpit, kufuna ukwazi rhoqo kunye nokugxila. Ingqalelo yomqhubi wenqwelo-moya yahlulahlulwe phakathi kwezixhobo, iminxeba kanomathotholo, nezigqibo ezikhawulezayo ezigcina inqwelo-moya ikhuselekile ekutshintsheni isibhakabhaka. Nokuba kuphuculwe itekhnoloji, ukubhabha kwe-IFR kuza nemiceli mngeni evavanya izakhono kunye nokuziphatha kakuhle.
Nantsi eminye yemiceli mngeni eqhelekileyo abajongene nayo abaqhubi beenqwelomoya phantsi kwemithetho yenqwelomoya yesixhobo:
1. UMsebenzi oPhezulu kunye noLawulo loMsebenzi
Inqwelo moya ye-IFR ibandakanya ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kwezixhobo, iingxelo zemozulu, kunye nemiyalelo ye-ATC. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bacinge ngamanyathelo amaninzi ngaphambili, bacwangcise inqanaba ngalinye lokubhabha, kwaye baphathe amagalelo amaninzi ngexesha elinye. Lo msebenzi unokuziva unzima, ngakumbi kwindawo yomoya exakekileyo okanye ngexesha lotshintsho lwendlela olungalindelekanga.
2. Uxinzelelo loNxibelelwano lweRadio
Unxibelelwano olucacileyo lubalulekile ngexesha IFR imisebenzi. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baphulaphule ngenyameko kwimiyalelo yolawulo lweenqwelo-moya, baphendule ngokukhawuleza, kwaye baqinisekise ukucocwa ngakunye ngaphandle kwempazamo. Kwisibhakabhaka esixineneyo, kwanokungaqondani okufutshane kunokukhokelela ekubhidekeni okanye ekuphulukaneni nokwahlukana.
3. Uxinzelelo olunxulumene neMozulu
Imozulu isengomnye weyona miceli mngeni inkulu kuphapho. Ukubhabha phakathi kwezaqhwithi, isiphithiphithi, okanye iingqimba zamafu ashinyeneyo kunokubangela ukungakhululeki kunye nokuphazamiseka. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bathembele ngokupheleleyo kwizixhobo zabo ngexesha lezi meko, ezifuna ukuzithemba, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuzola kwengqondo.
4. Ukuphazamiseka kwendawo kunye nokudinwa
Ngaphandle kwesalathiso esibonakalayo, umzimba womntu unokuphulukana nengqiqo yawo. Ukuphazanyiswa kwendawo yenza kube nzima ukwazi ukuba inqwelomoya iyanyuka, iyajika, okanye iyehla. Iiyure ezinde zesixhobo sokubhabha sisenokukhokelela ekudinweni, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bahlale bebukhali kwaye basabele ngoko nangoko.
5. Ukungaphumeleli kweNkqubo okanye kweSixhobo
Nangona kunqabile, ukusilela kwezixhobo kunokwenzeka. Ukuphulukana nezixhobo zokuhamba okanye zonxibelelwano phakathi kwenqwelomoya kufuna ukuthathwa kwezigqibo ngokukhawuleza. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baqeqeshelwa ukusingatha iimeko zonxunguphalo ezinjalo besebenzisa izixhobo zokugcina kunye neenkqubo ezingqongqo eziqinisekisa ulawulo de lufike.
Nganye yale mingeni isikhumbuza ukuba imithetho yendiza yesixhobo ayikho nje malunga nokufunda izixhobo, kodwa ngokulawula yonke indawo yokubhabha. Okukhona umqhubi wenqwelomoya eziqeqesha phantsi kwe-IFR, kokukhona le miceli-mngeni iba yendalo, iguqula uxinzelelo lube lubuchule obuqheliselwayo.
Ukugqibela kokucinga
Ukubhabha phantsi kwemithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo asiyonkqubo yobugcisa kuphela. Bubuchule obudibanisa ukuthembana, uqeqesho nokuchaneka. Xa ihlabathi elingaphandle kwegumbi lomqhubi wenqwelo-moya linyamalala, ezi zixhobo ziba yeyona ndlela yomqhubi wenqwelo-moya ekwaziyo ukukhomba indlela nokhuseleko.
Yonke indiza ye-IFR ephumeleleyo ingqina ubuhle bolawulo ngokungaqiniseki. Ibonisa indlela ubuchule bomntu nobugcisa obunokusebenzisana ngayo ukoyisa uloyiko, ubumnyama, nomgama.
Ukususela ekuqeqesheni kumagumbi okufundela ukuya kwiiyure zokuziqhelanisa esibhakabhakeni, umqhubi ngamnye ufunda isifundo esingenasiphelo - ukuzithemba akuveli emehlweni, kodwa ekuqondeni.
Yiloo nto eyenza ukuba imithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo ibe ngaphezulu kwenkqubo. Lulwimi oluvumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babhabhe ngokukhuselekileyo, naxa isibhakabhaka sifihla yonke into.
Uloliwe nge Florida Flyers Flight Academy ukuqonda imithetho yenqwelomoya yesixhobo kwaye ufumane ukuzithemba ukubhabha ngokukhuselekileyo nakweyiphi na imozulu phantsi kwesikhokelo sobuchwephesha kunye neemeko zehlabathi lokwenyani.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo: IFR (iMithetho yeFlight yesixhobo
Yeyiphi imigaqo yokubhabha kwesixhobo?
Imithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo yiseti yemigaqo ekhokela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya xa bebhabha ngaphandle kwereferensi ebonakalayo yangaphandle. Bathembele ngokupheleleyo kwizixhobo ze-cockpit kunye nolawulo lwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni ukuze bagcine umphakamo okhuselekileyo, ulwalathiso kunye nokwahlula kwezinye iinqwelo-moya.
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwemithetho yokubhabha okubonakalayo kunye nemithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo?
Imithetho ye-Visual flight (VFR) ivumela abaqhubi ukuba bahambe ngokubona xa imozulu kunye nokubonakala kucacile. Imithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo (IFR) isetyenziswa xa iimpawu ezibonakalayo zingafumaneki, njengamafu, inkungu, okanye ebusuku. Ukubhabha kwe-IFR kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo kunye nonxibelelwano kunye nolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya ukuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo.
Isetyenziswa nini imithetho yenqwelomoya yesixhobo?
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa imithetho yenqwelomoya yezixhobo nanini na iimeko zemozulu zinciphisa ukubonakala okungaphantsi kobuncinane obufunekayo kwinqwelomoya ebonakalayo. Oku kuquka ukubhabha phakathi kwamafu, imvula enkulu, inkungu, okanye ngexesha lomsebenzi wasebusuku. Uninzi lweendiza zorhwebo zisebenza phantsi kweemeko ze-IFR zokhuseleko kunye nokungaguquguquki.
Sesiphi isixhobo esifunekayo kwinqwelomoya ye-IFR?
Inqwelo-moya ebhabha phantsi kwemithetho yokubhabha kufuneka ibe nenkqubo yokukhangela esebenzayo kunye neyonxibelelwano. Ezi ziquka isalathisi sengqondo, i-altimeter, isalathisi se-airspeed, isalathisi sesihloko, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano zerediyo ezivunyiweyo kwimisebenzi ye-IFR.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuyifunda phi imithetho yesixhobo sokubhabha?
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokufunda imithetho yenqwelo-moya yezixhobo ngokusebenzisa izikolo zenqwelomoya ezivunyiweyo ezibonelela ngeenkqubo zokukala izixhobo. Florida Flyers Flight Academy ngomnye umzekelo weziko loqeqesho lobuchwephesha elinceda abafundi ukuba balawule iinkqubo ze-IFR ngezifundo zaseklasini, izilingisi, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nehlabathi lokwenyani.
Kutheni ibalulekile imithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo?
Imithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo ibalulekile kuba yenza ukuba ukubhabha kwenzeke kuzo zonke iimeko zemozulu. Baqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangona ukubonakala kungu-zero, ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kunye nokuvumela ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokudluliselwa kwezikolo ngenqwelomoya.
Isiqulatho
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba ezona zikolo ziphambili zokulingwa e-USA zinokukunceda njani ukuba ufezekise amaphupha akho okubhabha.
