IiYure zeSimulator yeZixhobo: Icandelo 142 livumela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30

Udinga iiyure ezingama-40 zexesha lesixhobo sokwenyani okanye esilinganiswayo ukuze ulinganisele isixhobo, kodwa imiqathango yokulawula ithintela ukuba zingaphi ezo yure ezinokuvela kwiisimulator kunye nezixhobo zoqeqesho eziphantsi 14 CFR §61.65Umqeqeshi ogunyazisiweyo kufuneka aqaphele aze asayine uqeqesho lokulinganisa ukuze lubalwe, kwaye iLeta yoGunyaziso (LOA) ilawula ngqo ukuba isixhobo ngasinye sivunyiwe ukuba sinikwe ikhredithi. Sihamba ngamanani, imithetho yokurekhoda phantsi kwe-14 CFR §61.51, kunye noko kufuneka ukuqinisekise ngaphambi kokuba uthembele kuyo nayiphi na kuyo.

TL; DR:

• Ikhosi yeCandelo 142 evunyiweyo yi-FAA inyusa isibonelelo se-FFS okanye se-FTD ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-30; kungenjalo, zonke iindidi zezixhobo zabelana ngomda weeyure ezingama-20.
• Ikhredithi yeBATD inqunyelwe kwiiyure ezili-10 kwaye ikhredithi ye-AATD inqunyelwe kwiiyure ezingama-20, kodwa akukho nanye kwezi zixhobo inokuthatha indawo yamava afunekayo eenqwelo moya okanye isetyenziswe ngexesha lovavanyo olusebenzayo.
• Bhala imodeli yesixhobo, isalathiso se-LOA esifanelekileyo, iinkqubo ezisetyenzisiweyo, utyikityo lomfundisi, kunye nenombolo yesatifikethi; bhala iindlela zokubhala ngokwahlukeneyo xa ubanga imali yamava akutshanje.
• Ngaphambi koqeqesho, fanisa imodeli yesixhobo kunye nenombolo yeserial ne-LOA yaso, jonga imiqathango kunye nokuphelelwa kwayo, kwaye ugcine i-LOA kunye ne-QAG ukuze zihlolwe.

Isiqulatho

• Zingaphi iiyure zokulinganisa ezibalwayo ukuya kwisixhobo esincinci seeyure ezingama-40
• I-FFS, i-FTD, i-BATD, kunye ne-AATD: oko kunikezelwa sisixhobo ngasinye ngokwenene
• Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokurekhoda izixhobo kwincwadi yakho yengxelo
• Ukuqinisekisa i-LOA kunye ne-QAG yesixhobo ngaphambi kokuba uthembe iiyure
• Zeziphi izixhobo ezivunyelwa ngabavavanyi kwiimvavanyo ezisebenzayo
• Izifundo zoyilo lwe-simulator eziya kwandisa ikhredithi yakho
• Kutheni uqeqesho lokuthobela imithetho lubalulekile njengesakhono sokubambelela nokulawula
• Gqibezela ukalisho lwesixhobo sakho ngoqeqesho lweCandelo 141 olwakhelwe kwikhredithi ye-simulator
• FAQ
• imithombo

Zingaphi iiyure zokulinganisa ezibalwayo ukuya kwisixhobo esincinci seeyure ezingama-40

Uvavanyo lwezixhobo lufuna iiyure ezingama-40 zexesha lesixhobo sokwenyani okanye esilinganiswayo, kwaye isabelo esibalulekileyo salo sinokuvela kwisixhobo endaweni yenqwelo-moya. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, umda odibeneyo wee-simulators, izixhobo zoqeqesho lokubhabha (ii-FTD), kunye nezixhobo zoqeqesho lokubhabha (ii-ATD) ziiyure ezingama-20, nge-14 CFR §61.65. Xa uqeqesho lwakho lusenzeka phantsi kwekhosi yeCandelo 142 evunyiweyo yi-FAA, i-§61.65(h)(1) ivumela isibonelelo esiphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-30 kwi-full flight simulator (FFS) okanye i-FTD.

Izixhobo zoqeqesho lweenqwelo-moya zinemida yazo emincinci ngaphakathi kweso sakhiwo:

• Isixhobo soQeqesho lweSiseko seNqwelo-moya (i-BATD) sifumana ubuninzi beeyure ezili-10 kuvavanyo lwesixhobo.
• Isixhobo soQeqesho lweNqwelo-moya esiPhambili (i-AATD) sifumana iiyure ezingama-20.
• Ngaphandle kweCandelo 142 elingaphandle, i-§61.65(j) ivala ixabiso elipheleleyo lesixhobo kwiiyure ezingama-20, nokuba ezo yure zahlulwe njani kwiintlobo zesixhobo.

Isicwangciso soqeqesho esiqhelekileyo singasebenza iiyure ezingama-20 kwi-AATD malunga neenkqubo zezixhobo kunye neepateni zokubamba, emva koko sigqibezele iiyure ezingama-20 eziseleyo zexesha lezixhobo kwinqwelo-moya, sigubungela iindlela zokusondela, iindlela zokuthintela, kunye neemfuno zokunqumla ilizwe ezingenakufezekiswa sisixhobo. Loo ndibaniselwano ifikelela kwiyure ezingama-40 iyonke ngelixa ihlonipha yonke imida kumgaqo.

I-FFS, i-FTD, i-BATD, kunye ne-AATD: oko kunikezelwa sisixhobo ngasinye ngokwenene

Isetyhula yeNgcebiso ye-FAA AC 61-136A ichaza iindidi zezixhobo ezibonakala kulo lonke uqeqesho lweCandelo 61 kunye neCandelo 141. Isilinganisi sokubhabha esipheleleyo siphinda idekhi yokubhabha yenqwelo-moya kunye neempawu zokuhamba ngokuthembeka okuphezulu; isixhobo soqeqesho lokubhabha silingisa imeko-bume ye-cockpit ngaphandle kokunyakaza ngokupheleleyo; kwaye isixhobo soqeqesho lokubhabha, esahlulwe saba yiSiseko (BATD) kunye neAdvanced (AATD), sinikeza iqonga elingabizi kakhulu kodwa elisaziwayo yi-FAA loqeqesho lwenkqubo.

Okubalulekileyo kwityala kukungabi naluhlu lwesixhobo kodwa kukwazi kwaso ukubhala phantsi:

• Ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yokubona kunye nokuchaneka kwephaneli yezixhobo kugqiba ukuba yeyiphi imisebenzi isixhobo esinokuyilinganisa ngokusemthethweni.
• Ii-AATD ngokubanzi zixhasa ukuhamba kwee-avionics okubonakalayo kunye neenkqubo zeglasi kwi-cockpit kunee-BATD.
• Ixesha le-BATD okanye le-AATD alinakusetyenziswa kuvavanyo olusebenzayo, kwaye akukho ATD inokuthatha indawo yamava afunekayo eenqwelo-moya anje ngexesha lodwa, imisebenzi yasebusuku, okanye ukusuka nokufika.

Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya belungiselela i utshintsho lwe-cockpit yeglasi badla ngokufumanisa ukuba iiseshoni ze-AATD zakha ubuchule bokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunexesha lokuqala lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya, nto leyo egcina iiyure zokubhabha ezihlawuliswayo zigxile kwimisebenzi isixhobo esingenakukwazi ukuyiphinda.

Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokurekhoda izixhobo kwincwadi yakho yengxelo

Phantsi kwe-14 CFR §61.51, ubhala ixesha lesixhobo kuphela xa usebenza ngokubhekisa kwizixhobo, nokuba oko kwenzeka kwiimeko zemozulu zesixhobo okanye kwisixhobo esivunyiweyo okanye kwisixhobo. Umqeqeshi obhala loo seshoni njengomyalelo ophindwe kabini kufuneka asayine ingeniso kunye nenombolo yesatifikethi sakhe, kwaye ingeniso kufuneka iqhagamshelane ne-LOA yesixhobo apho kufanelekileyo.

Ungeniso olupheleleyo lwelog kufuneka luquke:

1. Uhlobo lwesixhobo kunye nomzekelo, kuba iinkcazo eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-"simulator" zibangela imibuzo kamva.
2. Inombolo yesalathiso ye-LOA, ukuba isixhobo siyayifuna ukuze sifumane ikhredithi.
3. Inkcazo emfutshane yomxholo woqeqesho, njengeendlela okanye iinkqubo zokubamba ezisetyenziswayo.
4. Utyikityo lomqeqeshi, inombolo yesatifikethi, kunye nomhla.
5. Iinkcukacha zendlela ezirekhodwe ngokwahlukeneyo ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa iseshoni ukuya kwimali yamava akutshanje phantsi kwe-§61.57©.

Ibinzana lendalo lencwadi yelog linokuthi: “Uqeqesho lwezixhobo ze-AATD, iindlela ze-ILS kunye ne-RNAV, iinkqubo zokubamba, i-LOA #12345, ifunyenwe kabini.” Elo nqanaba leenkcukacha liyakukhusela ukuba umvavanyi we-pilot otyunjiweyo (i-DPE) okanye umhloli we-FAA uhlola irekhodi lakho loqeqesho kamva.

Ukuqinisekisa i-LOA kunye ne-QAG yesixhobo ngaphambi kokuba uthembe iiyure

Zonke izixhobo zoqeqesho ezivunyiweyo yi-FAA zisebenza phantsi kweNcwadi yoGunyaziso enxulumene neSikhokelo soQinisekiso kunye nokuVunywa (QAG), kwaye la maxwebhu achaza ngqo ukuba zeziphi imisebenzi ezinokuthi zinikwe yisixhobo kunye nexesha elingakanani. Ii-LOA zihlala zisebenza iinyanga ezingama-60 zekhalenda, kwaye uluhlu lwe-ATD oluvunyiweyo yi-FAA kunye nesikhokelo sichaza ukuba amaziko oqeqesho kufuneka anike ikopi kuyo nayiphi na i-pilot esebenzisa ixesha leso sixhobo ukuze afumane isiqinisekiso okanye ikhredithi yovavanyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise iyure enye, qinisekisa oku kulandelayo nomboneleli wakho woqeqesho:

• Cela ikopi yangoku ye-LOA kunye ne-QAG yesixhobo.
• Tshatisa imodeli yesixhobo kunye nenombolo yochungechunge ngokuthelekisa oko kudweliswe yiLOA.
• Jonga umhla wokuphelelwa kunye nayo nayiphi na imiqathango yokusetyenziswa echaziweyo.
• Gcina ikopi kwiirekhodi zakho zoqeqesho, yahlulwe kwiifayile zesikolo.

Icebiso Pro: Zisa ikopi ye-LOA kuvavanyo lwakho olusebenzayo; abanye abavavanyi bayicela ngoko nangoko, kwaye ukuyilungisa kuthintela ukulibaziseka kweshedyuli.

Zeziphi izixhobo ezivunyelwa ngabavavanyi kwiimvavanyo ezisebenzayo

Izixhobo zoqeqesho lweenqwelo moya azivumelekanga ukusetyenziswa kuvavanyo olusebenzayo lwe-FAA, nokuba zingaphi iiyure abazinikezileyo ngexesha loqeqesho lwakho. Izixhobo zokulinganisa inqwelo moya ezipheleleyo kunye nezixhobo zoqeqesho lwenqwelo moya zinokusetyenziselwa ezinye okanye zonke iindlela zokuhlola kuphela xa uvavanyo lwenzeka ngenkqubo evunyiweyo yi-FAA, edla ngokubotshelelwa kwiziko loqeqesho leCandelo 142 okanye imvume ethile yomvavanyi.

Kukho imida embalwa onokuyilindela ukuba isikolo sakho sinikezela ngovavanyo olusekelwe kwizixhobo:

• Abavavanyi badla ngokunciphisa inani okanye uhlobo lweendlela ezenziwa kwi-FTD xa kuthelekiswa nenqwelo-moya.
• Amaphepha ogunyaziso kufuneka aqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba uvavanyo lucwangciswe, kungekhona ngomhla wovavanyo.
• Umboneleli wakho woqeqesho kufuneka aqinisekise kwangaphambili ukuba isixhobo esithile kunye nomxube wenkqubo ugunyazisiwe kwi-checkride oceba ukuyithatha.

Ukulungelelanisa oku kwangethuba nesikolo sakho sokubhabha kuthintela uviwo olucwangcisiweyo ngokutsha ngenxa yokungabikho kwamaxwebhu.

Izifundo zoyilo lwe-simulator eziya kwandisa ikhredithi yakho

Iseshoni yokulinganisa ifumana udumo xa ikhokelwa ngutitshala, yakhiwe malunga neendlela ezichazwe ngokucacileyo ezihambelana nemisebenzi ye-Airman Certification Standards (ACS), kwaye ivalwe ngengcaciso kunye nokungena kwilog esayiniweyo. Uqeqesho phantsi kwesilabhasi yeCandelo 141 okanye iCandelo 142 ludla ngokuvula ikhredithi ephezulu yesixhobo kunendlela yokusebenza engacwangciswanga, kuba ikharityhulam ngokwayo yiyo i-FAA eyayivavanya xa inika imvume yesixhobo sesikolo.

yethu inkqubo yoqeqesho lokulinganisa izixhobo Yakha iibhloko ze-simulator ngqo kwisilabhasi yeCandelo 141, ngoko ke yonke iseshoni ye-AATD ihambelana nomsebenzi othile we-ACS ngaphambi kokuba umfundi angene kwinqwelo-moya. Siphatha uxwebhu lwe-LOA ngaphakathi, nto leyo esusa umthwalo wokusukela amaphepha kumfundi.

• Hlanganisa ibhloko nganye yokulinganisa nendlela okanye inkqubo ethile, kungekhona "ukuziqhelanisa nezixhobo" ngokubanzi.
• Xubusha kwangoko emva kweseshoni ngelixa imeko isaqala.
• Qinisekisa kumqeqeshi wakho ukuba zeziphi iiyure zesixhobo eziza kusetyenziswa kwisicwangciso sakho soqeqesho lwenqwelo-moya.

Icebiso Pro: Cwangcisa iiseshoni zakho ze-AATD ngeveki ngaphambi kwesifundo senqwelo-moya esigubungela uhlobo olufanayo lwendlela; ukuphindaphinda kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunokubahlulahlula.

Kutheni uqeqesho lokuthobela imithetho lubalulekile njengesakhono sokubambelela nokulawula

Ii-simulators zifinyeza indlela eya kubuchule, kodwa kuphela xa amaphepha angasemva kwazo ehlala ixesha elide. Sibone ixabiso lokufundisa leseshoni yesixhobo esiqhutywa kakuhle mathupha: ukukwazi ukumisa, ukuphinda, nokulungisa inkqubo ngokukhawuleza kukhawulezisa ukufunda ngendlela inqwelo-moya engayivumeliyo rhoqo. Akukho nanye kwezi zinto ibalulekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-LOA iphelelwe lixesha okanye ingxelo ye-logbook ayinaso isiginitsha. Phatha uqeqesho lolawulo njengolungenakwahlulwa kukubhabha ngokwalo, kwaye udibanise yonke iyure yexesha lesixhobo namava enqwelo-moya afunwa yimithetho.

— uRainer

Gqibezela ukalisho lwesixhobo sakho ngoqeqesho lweCandelo 141 olwakhelwe kwikhredithi ye-simulator

Sakha Isixhobo sokukala iCandelo 141 Inkqubo ukuze iiyure zokulinganisa kunye neeyure zeenqwelo-moya zisebenze kunye ukufezekisa imfuneko yeeyure ezingama-40, kunye namaxwebhu e-LOA aphethwe liqela lethu kunokuba ashiywe kuwe ukuba ulandelele. Sikwaqhuba nokuhlolwa kwe-FAA ngaphakathi, okunciphisa ixesha lokulinda phakathi kokugqiba uqeqesho lwakho kunye nokufunda uvavanyo lwakho olusebenzayo.

• Buza malunga namaxwebhu e-LOA kunye ne-QAG akhoyo kuyo nayiphi na isixhobo esifakwe kwisilabhasi yakho.
• Hlola indlela isixhobo sokulinganisa esivimba ngayo imephu yeshedyuli yakho yoqeqesho lweenqwelo moya ngaphambi kokuba ubhalise.
• Qinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo yokujonga imoto esetyenziswa ngaphakathi endlwini njengenxalenye yexesha lenkqubo yakho.

Nxibelelana nathi kwiphepha lethu leekhosi zoqeqesho lovavanyo ukuze ubone ukuba uvavanyo lwezixhobo luhambelana njani nesicwangciso sakho esibanzi sokuqinisekiswa.

FAQ

Zingaphi iiyure zokulinganisa ezibalwayo kwireyithingi yesixhobo?

Ixesha elifikelela kwiiyure ezingama-20 ze-simulator, i-FTD, okanye i-ATD ngokubanzi libalelwa kwimfuneko yesixhobo seeyure ezingama-40 phantsi kwe-14 CFR §61.65, kunye neeyure ezingama-30 ezivunyelweyo kwi-FFS okanye kwi-FTD phantsi kwenkqubo evunyiweyo yeCandelo 142. I-BATDs ifikelela kwiiyure ezili-10 kwaye i-AATDs ifikelela kwiiyure ezingama-20 ngaphakathi kwaloo mda upheleleyo.

Yintoni umthetho we-6-6-6 IFR?

Eli binzana alilogama lolawulo lwe-FAA, kwaye alichazwanga kwi-14 CFR okanye kwi-FAA. Ukuba udibene nalo kwenye indawo, qinisekisa umthombo ngokuchasene ne-14 CFR §61.65 kunye ne-§61.57, kuba amava akutshanje kunye neemfuno zovavanyo zichazwe ngokucacileyo apho.

Ithini imithetho ye-FAA yeeyure ezili-1500?

Umthetho weeyure ezili-1,500 ubhekisa kwixesha elipheleleyo lokubhabha elifunekayo ngokubanzi ukuze ube nesatifikethi se-Airline Transport Pilot (ATP), imfuneko eyahlukileyo kumlinganiselo omncinci wesixhobo. Ayichaphazeli indlela iiyure zokulinganisa ezisebenza ngayo kumlinganiselo wesixhobo ngokwaso.

Ndingalisebenzisa ixesha lokulinganisa izixhobo zam zokuhlola izixhobo?

Izixhobo zoqeqesho lweenqwelo moya azivumelekanga kwiimvavanyo ezisebenzayo ze-FAA. Isilinganisi sokubhabha esipheleleyo okanye i-FTD ingasetyenziselwa inxalenye ye-checkride kuphela xa uvavanyo lwenzeka ngenkqubo evunyiweyo yi-FAA, ngoko qinisekisa imvume kumboneleli wakho woqeqesho ngaphambi kokuba ucwangcise.

Yintoni ekufuneka utitshala wam ayibhalise ukuze afumane uqeqesho lwezixhobo zokulinganisa izixhobo?

Umqeqeshi wakho kufuneka abhale uhlobo lwesixhobo kunye nomzekelo waso, nayiphi na ireferensi ye-LOA efanelekileyo, inkcazo yoqeqesho olwenziweyo, kunye notyikityo lwaso olunenombolo yesatifikethi, ehambelana ne-14 CFR §61.51. Le nkcukacha ikhusela ikhredithi ukuba okungenisiweyo kuya kuhlaziywa kamva.

imithombo

• 14 CFR § 61.65 – Iimfuno zovavanyo lwezixhobo.
• AC 61-136A — Ukuvunywa kwezixhobo zoQeqesho lweNqwelomoya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kuQeqesho namava

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