Iimfuno zoVavanyo lweZixhobo kunye nexesha loQeqesho oluQhelekileyo

Iimfuneko zovavanyo lwezixhobo zimisela umgangatho woqeqesho, kungekhona umhla wokugqiba oqinisekisiweyo: phantsi kweCandelo 61, abafaki-zicelo bafuna iiyure ezingama-40 zexesha lesixhobo sokwenyani okanye esilinganiswayo kunye neeyure ezingama-50 zexesha lokuwela ilizwe elinomqhubi. IOfisi yeRejista yeFederal ichaza imfuneko yexesha lesixhobo; Izikolo zeCandelo 141 zinekhosi eyahlukileyo ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-35 zoqeqesho lokubhabha. Iikhosi zovavanyo lwezixhobo ezikhawulezileyo zihlala zithatha iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-12, kodwa ixesha olidingayo lixhomekeke kumava akho, ishedyuli yoqeqesho, kunye nokulungela uvavanyo olusebenzayo.

Loo mahluko ubalulekile. Ukuhlangabezana nobuncinci beeyure ezibhalisiweyo akuthethi ukuba ukulungele ukubhabha kwimigangatho yezixhobo okanye ukudlula i-checkride. Esi sikhokelo sichaza uqeqesho lwe-FAA, ukunqumla ilizwe, ixesha lezixhobo, uvavanyo lolwazi, kunye nemithetho yemali, size sibonise into enokukhawulezisa okanye yandise indlela. Uza kubona nendlela iimfuno zeCandelo 61 kunye neCandelo 141 ezahluke ngayo, ukuze ukwazi ukuqikelela amanyathelo akho alandelayo ngokusekelwe kwindlela oyilandelayo kunye namava osele unawo.

Uqeqesho lolwazi lweenqwelo-moya

Uqeqesho lolwazi lweenqwelo-moya lukulungiselela ukuqonda nokusebenzisa iinkqubo zezixhobo ngaphambi nangexesha lokubhabha. E-United States, iimfuno zovavanyo lwezixhobo ziquka uphando lomhlaba olucwangcisiweyo, uvavanyo lolwazi, kunye nokulungiselela uvavanyo olusebenzayo.

E-United States, iindleko zoqeqesho lokulinganisa izixhobo zixhomekeke kumanani eenqwelo-moya kunye nabafundisi, ubungakanani boqeqesho lokubhabha kunye nolwesimulator olufunekayo, kunye nokuphindaphindwa koqeqesho. Ixabiso lixhomekeke kwibhokisi kwaye linikwa emva kwesicelo sekowuteshini.

Uqeqesho Lomhlaba Nolwazi

Uqeqesho lomhlaba lugubungela ulwazi olufunekayo ukuze kusetyenziswe imithetho yokubhabha kwezixhobo. Ludibanisa ukutolikwa kwemozulu, imigaqo, ukuhambahamba, ucwangciso lokubhabha, kunye neenkqubo zezixhobo kunye nezigqibo ezenziwe kwi-cockpit.

Ukuze ufumane uvavanyo lokuqala lwezixhobo ngekhosi yeCandelo 141, uqeqesho lomhlaba lufuna ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-30. Abafaki-zicelo beCandelo 61 nabo kufuneka balungiselele uvavanyo lolwazi, kodwa iimfuno ezidwelisiweyo azibeki xesha lifanelekileyo loqeqesho lomhlaba kuloo ndlela. Kuzo zombini iindlela, uphando kufuneka ludibanise iinkqubo neemeko ezisebenzayo, njengokutolika itshathi yendlela yezixhobo ngaphambi kokuba ubhabhe indlela.

Yakha isicwangciso sokufunda esicwangcisiweyo malunga neendawo zolwazi, uze usebenzise imibuzo yokuziqhelanisa ukuchonga izihloko ezibuthathaka. Kumbuzo ngamnye ongawuphendulanga, jonga ingcamango esisiseko endaweni yokukhumbula kuphela ukhetho oluchanekileyo. Isixhobo soqeqesho okanye isixhobo sokulinganisa sinokuqinisa indlela iinkqubo zezixhobo ezihambelana ngayo, kodwa asithathi indawo yokufunda ulwazi lweenqwelo-moya okanye uqeqesho olufunekayo lokubhabha.

Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba kuyimfuneko na ukuqinisekiswa ngutitshala ngaphambi kokuba babhale uvavanyo olubhaliweyo. Phatha olo kuqinisekiswa njengenyathelo loqeqesho olusemthethweni, kungekhona iinkcukacha zolawulo: kuqinisekisa ukulungiselela ukubhala uvavanyo. Umfaki-sicelo kufuneka aphumelele uvavanyo lolwazi olufunekayo, ngaphandle kokuba umntu osele ene-instrument rating akadingi olunye uvavanyo lolwazi.

Ulwazi lweZixhobo kunye novavanyo oluSebenzayo

Uvavanyo lolwazi lwezixhobo luvavanya ukuba ungalusebenzisa na ulwazi lweenqwelo-moya kwimisebenzi yezixhobo. Uvavanyo olusebenzayo luvavanya ukusebenza kwakho kunye nokwenza izigqibo kwimisebenzi efunekayo.

Uvavanyo lolwazi lwe-FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane lunemibuzo engama-60 yokukhetha iimpendulo ezininzi, lufuna amanqaku okuphumelela angama-70%, kwaye lunexesha elimiselweyo leeyure ezi-2. Iziphumo zokuphumelela zihlala zisebenza iinyanga ezingama-24. Cwangcisa uvavanyo olusebenzayo ngaphakathi kwelo xesha lokufaneleka; kungenjalo, uvavanyo lolwazi kufuneka luphindwe ngaphambi kokuba uvavanyo lugqitywe.

Lungiselela uvavanyo ngokuphonononga imigaqo, imozulu, iitshathi, iinkqubo zokuhamba, kunye neenkqubo zezixhobo. Sebenza kwiimeko ezifuna ukuba utolike ulwazi, ukhethe inkqubo, kwaye uchaze isigqibo sakho. Ngomhla wovavanyo, funda umbuzo ngamnye ngononophelo kwaye wahlule amagama afanayo, kuba umahluko omncinci kumagama unokutshintsha impendulo echanekileyo.

Uvavanyo olusebenzayo luvavanyo lomvavanyi lokuba uyahlangabezana na nemigangatho efanelekileyo yokubhabha. Ukuphumelela uvavanyo lolwazi lodwa akubonisi ukulungela uvavanyo olusebenzayo. Hlaziya imisebenzi efunekayo nomqeqeshi, kuquka iinkqubo zezixhobo kunye nezigqibo ezixhasa ukubhabha ngokukhuselekileyo. Phatha ulwazi kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo njengeziganeko ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ucwangcise zombini.

Zithini iimfuno zeyure ze-FAA zovavanyo lwezixhobo?

Ukufaneleka kweyure kudibanisa amava agciniweyo, iimfuno zodidi lwenqwelo moya, kunye noqeqesho olugqityiweyo. Ukuze ufumane umlinganiselo wenqwelo moya, yahlula iimfuno zamava eCandelo 61 kwiimfuno zekhosi zeCandelo 141 ubuncinane ngaphambi kokuba ucwangcise uvavanyo olusebenzayo.

Ukufaneleka kunye nokuVunyelwa

Ukufaneleka kuthetha ukuhlangabezana nesatifikethi, ubudala, ulwimi, uvavanyo lolwazi, kunye neemeko zokuvunywa komqeqeshi ukuze ufumane umlinganiselo wesixhobo. E-United States, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka babe neminyaka eli-17 ubuncinci, bafunde, bathethe, babhale, kwaye baqonde isiNgesi, kwaye babe nesatifikethi somqhubi wabucala wangoku okanye bafake izicelo ngaxeshanye kweso sinereyithingi efanelekileyo yenqwelomoya. Abafaki-zicelo banokufuna ukuqinisekiswa komqeqeshi ngaphambi kokuba bathathe uvavanyo lolwazi lwesixhobo.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ufanelekile ngokwezonyango, iBasicMed isebenza kwimisebenzi ye-IFR xa abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bethobela iimfuno zayo, kuquka ukusebenza eMelika kwinqwelo-moya engaphantsi kwe-12,500 lbs enabantu abangaphezulu kwe-7. Ubuthathaka obuqhelekileyo bokujonga uhambo buquka ukungaphumeleli ukugcina imigangatho yomsebenzi, ukulawula indlela, okanye ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zokubhabha kwezixhobo. Umzekelo, i-FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS ifuna isantya somoya ngaphakathi kwe-10 knots, ukuphakama ngaphakathi kwe-100 feet, kunye nezihloko ezikhethiweyo ngaphakathi kwe-10 degrees ngexesha lomsebenzi wayo wokuhamba.

Icandelo 61 kunye neCandelo 141 Ukufaneleka

Icandelo 61 kunye neCandelo 141 ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zoqeqesho olulawulayo, ngamava ahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zekhosi. Kwireyithingi yezixhobo zeenqwelo-moya zase-US, umfaki-sicelo ngokubanzi kufuneka abhalise iiyure ezingama-50 zexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya njengomqhubi wenqwelo-moya olawulayo, kuquka iiyure ezili-10 kwinqwelo-moya, ngokutsho kweOfisi yeRejista yeFederal. Ikhosi yeCandelo 141 ayifuni iiyure ezingama-50 zexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya olawulayo ukuze afaneleke uvavanyo olusebenzayo.

Phantsi kweCandelo 61, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno zamava ezixhobo kwiindawo ezithile zokusebenza. Uhambo loqeqesho oluhambelana nezixhobo-inqwelo-moya olufanelekileyo kufuneka lugubungele iimayile ezingama-250 zaselwandle kwiindlela zomoya okanye ngokuhambisa ngqo ukusuka kwiziko lolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya, ngokutsho kweOfisi yeRejista yeFederal. Kufuneka lubandakanye indlela yezixhobo kwisikhululo ngasinye seenqwelo-moya kunye neendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhamba.

Isikolo seCandelo 141 kufuneka sinike ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-35 zoqeqesho lokubhabha ukuze kufumaneke umlinganiselo wokuqala wezixhobo, ngokweOfisi yeRejista yeSizwe. Elo nani liphantsi lekhosi alinakutshintshwa ngokwemigangatho yamava eCandelo 61. Thelekisa ulwakhiwo lwekhosi yendlela nexesha lokubhabha kunye namava okuwela ilizwe esele ebhalisiwe, uze uchonge ukuba zeziphi iimfuno ezisasele zibalasele.

Ukuze ucwangcise, yahlula amava apheleleyo kuqeqesho oluthile ukuya kumlinganiselo wesixhobo. Bhala phantsi injongo yenqwelomoya nganye, udidi lwenqwelomoya, imeko yomqhubi olawulayo, kunye neemeko zesixhobo ngokuchanekileyo; loo mahluko amisela ukuba ixesha liyasebenza na kwimfuneko. isicwangciso soqeqesho lokubhabha inokunceda ekuhleleni olo phononongo ngaphambi kokulungiselela uvavanyo olusebenzayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwemali yezixhobo kunye nobuchule bazo

Imali yesixhobo ngamava akutshanje afunekayo ukuze usebenze njengomqhubi wenqwelo moya phantsi kwemithetho yokubhabha kwesixhobo. Icandelo 61 limisela imfuneko yendlela yokuqhuba, ngelixa ukujonga ubuchule besixhobo kubonelela ngendlela eyahlukileyo yokufumana imali xa kuyimfuneko.

Ukugcina Imali Yezixhobo

Ukuze izixhobo zihlale zisebenza, umqhubi wenqwelo moya kufuneka agqibe iindlela ezi-6 zezixhobo kwiinyanga ezi-6 zekhalenda ezidlulileyo zokubhabha. Ezi ndlela kufuneka zibe phakathi kwexesha lokujonga emva. Uvavanyo lwezixhobo kwisatifikethi somqhubi, ngokwalo, aluhlangabezani nale mfuneko yamava akutshanje.

Sebenzisa incwadi yakho yokujonga indlela nganye kunye nomhla wayo, ukuze ukwazi ukumisela ukuba ezi ntandathu zifunekayo ziwela kwixesha elifanelekileyo leenyanga ezintandathu zekhalenda. Ukuba indlela yangaphambili idlula elo xesha ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe uhambo ngenqwelomoya olucwangcisiweyo lwe-IFR, balisa ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo. Jonga imali ngaphambi kohambo ngenqwelomoya ngalunye, kungekuphela nje xa kukhutshwa umlinganiselo.

Imali kunye nobuchule ziyafana, kodwa ziphendula imibuzo eyahlukileyo. Imali inxulumene neendlela zamva nje ezifunekayo; ubuchule buphathelele ukuba ungakwazi na ukulawula iimfuno zenqwelomoya ngokukhuselekileyo. Kwanasemva kokubhala iindlela ezifunekayo, unokufuna ukuziqhelanisa neenkqubo, ulawulo lwenqwelomoya, okanye ulawulo lomthwalo womsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba ubhabhe kwiimeko zezixhobo zokwenyani.

Ukuhlolwa kobuchule bezixhobo

Uvavanyo lobuchule bezixhobo, okanye i-IPC, luvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukubuyisa imali yezixhobo xa imfuneko yendlela yakutshanje ingasafezekiswa. Uvavanyo kufuneka lube neendlela ezintathu ubuncinane zezixhobo. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya obengasebenzi kwizixhobo ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu unokufuna i-IPC enoMqeqeshi weNqwelo moya oQinisekisiweyo ukuze abuyisele imali.

I-IPC ayilolunye uvavanyo lolwazi. Ivavanya ukubhabha kwezixhobo ezisebenzayo endaweni yolwazi olubhaliweyo lweenqwelo moya. Okokuqala chonga iindawo ezibuthathaka, uze usebenzise imiyalelo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokubhabha ukuze uzisombulule ngaphambi kovavanyo. Ukuseta indlela, ukuhambahamba, ulawulo lweenqwelo moya, kunye nokwenza izigqibo zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela indlela olawula ngayo ukubhabha kwezixhobo.

Gcina iirekhodi ezahlula ngokucacileyo iindlela zokusebenzisa izixhobo kweminye imisebenzi yokubhabha. Xa uphonononga incwadi yakho yokubhala, chonga imihla yendlela, ixesha elifanelekileyo leenyanga ezintandathu zekhalenda, kunye nokuba uyigqibile na i-IPC. Oku kunceda ekumiseleni imeko yakho yangoku ngaphambi kokuba wamkele isabelo se-IFR okanye ucwangcise uhambo lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya oluya kwilizwe lonke phantsi kwemithetho yokubhabha ngezixhobo.

Yakha ubuchule obungaphaya komda omncinci wemali. Iseshoni yokuziqhelanisa egxile kakhulu inokujolisa kwinkqubo enzima, ngelixa umqeqeshi enokuvavanya indlela olawula ngayo inqwelo moya kunye nomsebenzi rhoqo. Sebenzisa iimeko zezixhobo zokwenyani kuphela xa kufanelekile kwinqwelo moya kunye nomqhubi; ukuziqhelanisa okulinganisiweyo kunokunceda ekuphuhliseni ubuchule. Iindlela ezintandathu ezifunekayo zimisela indlela yokusebenza, kodwa ukulungiselela okusemgangathweni kuhlala kubalulekile kwimisebenzi ekhuselekileyo yezixhobo.

Iimfuno zamava okuphakamisa izixhobo ezisebenzisa izixhobo

Uvavanyo lokuphakamisa olusebenzisa izixhobo lusebenzisa iziqinisekiso zokubhabha kwezixhobo kudidi lweenqwelo-moya ezisebenzisa amandla. Imfuneko yamava okuhamba ilizwe lonke yahlukile kumava eenqwelo-moya, ngoko ke jonga iirekhodi zeklasi yodidi ngalunye ngokwahlukeneyo.

Kwireyithingi yokuphakamisa izixhobo zase-US, umfaki-sicelo kufuneka abhalise iiyure ezingama-50 zexesha lokuhamba ilizwe njengomqhubi wenqwelo moya olawulayo, kuquka iiyure ezili-10 kwi-powered-lift. Icandelo leeyure ezili-10 liyinxalenye yeeyure ezingama-50 zizonke, hayi imali eyongezelelweyo. Landelela ixesha lilonke kunye nexesha elithile ngokwahlukeneyo xa uphonononga ukufaneleka.

Ixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya lichaza uhambo phakathi kweendawo, ngelixa imeko yomqhubi okhokelayo irekhoda ubungakanani bomsebenzi owenze kuwo. Kwingxelo nganye ye-logbook, qaphela udidi lwenqwelomoya, indlela, kunye nendima ye-PIC. Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunokubalelwa kwirekhodi yamava ahlukeneyo, kodwa akuthathi indawo yamava afunekayo okuphakamisa ngamandla.

Yakha uphicotho lwamava ngaphambi kokuba ucwangcise uqeqesho oluseleyo. Okokuqala, inani elipheleleyo lokungena kwilizwe elihamba ngenqwelomoya libhabha njenge-PIC. Okulandelayo, chonga ukuba ingakanani loo nto yayikwinqwelomoya ethwala amandla. Emva koko thelekisa omabini la manani kunye nemfuneko iyonke yeeyure ezingama-50 kunye nenxalenye yayo yeeyure ezili-10 ethwala amandla. Le ndlela ityhila ukusilela okunokuthi kufihlwe "ziiyure zokudlula ilizwe" ezingachazwanga.

Udidi lweenqwelo-moya lubalulekile nokuba iinqwelo-moya ezimbini zabelana ngendlela efanayo. Umzekelo, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya oneeyure ezingama-50 ze-PIC ezinqumla ilizwe, kodwa ezingaphantsi kwe-10 ezisebenzisa amandla okuphakamisa, akakafikeleli kumda wamava ochazwe kwicandelo elithile. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukufikelela iiyure ezili-10 ezisebenzisa amandla okuphakamisa akukwanelisi isimbuku ukuba ixesha le-PIC elinqumla ilizwe lihlala lingaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-50.

Gcina okubhaliweyo kwincwadi yelogi eqhutywa ngamandla kufundeka kwaye kuhambelana. Bhala phantsi izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya zokuhamba nezokuya kuzo, ukuchongwa kwenqwelo-moya, ubude bexesha lokuhamba, kunye nesimo sePIC njengenxalenye yenkqubo yakho yokurekhoda eqhelekileyo. Xa uhlaziya iirekhodi zakho, lungelelanisa okubhaliweyo kunye nenani leendidi endaweni yokuxhomekeka kwimemori okanye kuqikelelo olujikeleziweyo. Iirekhodi ezicacileyo zenza kube lula ukuchonga amava osawadingayo.

Musa ukuphatha amava eenqwelo-moya, ihelikopta, kunye nokuphakanyiswa okunamandla njengokutshintshana. Imfuneko yokuphakamisa okunamandla enikiweyo ichaza ixesha lokuphakamisa okunamandla, ngelixa iimfuno zezixhobo-inqwelo-moya zisebenzisa ixesha lenqwelo-moya. Umthetho owahlukileyo wokubhabha koqeqesho lweenqwelo-moya oluhamba ngenqwelo-moya lufuna iimayile ezili-100 zolwandle kwiindlela zomoya okanye ngokuqondisa ukusuka kwiziko lolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya. Loo mgama wehelikopta awufanele uphazanyiswe yimfuneko ye-PIC-hour yokuphakamisa okunamandla.

Ukucwangcisa umhlaba kunokuthintela izikhewu ezinokuphepheka: hlaziya incwadi yeziganeko, uhlele uluhlu lwezinto ezibhaliweyo ngokweenqwelwana zeenqwelo-moya, kwaye ubale izixa zePIC ezinqumla ilizwe ngaphambi kokuba ucwangcise ezinye iinqwelo-moya. Emva koko sebenzisa isikhewu esiseleyo kudidi ngalunye ukukhokela isicwangciso sokwakha amava. Kumfaki-sicelo ofuna amalungelo okuphakamisa asebenzisa amandla, ukujonga okubalulekileyo kukuzixazulula zombini ezi zixa: iiyure zePIC ezingama-50 zizonke kunye neeyure ezili-10 zokuphakamisa asebenzisa amandla ngaphakathi kwazo.

Ixesha lesixhobo sokwenyani okanye esilinganiswayo

Ixesha lesixhobo lisetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko zesixhobo esichanekileyo okanye esilinganisiweyo kwiindawo ezithile zokusebenza. Phantsi kwe-14 CFR 61.65, umfaki-sicelo wovavanyo lwesixhobo kufuneka abhalise iiyure ezingama-40 zexesha lesixhobo esiyinyani okanye esilinganisiweyo kwiindawo ezithile zokusebenza, ngokutsho kweOfisi yeRejista yeFederal.

Ixesha lokwenyani lesixhobo ngamava afunyenweyo xa kusetyenzwa ngokubhekiselele kwizixhobo kwiimeko zokwenyani zesixhobo. Ixesha lokulinganisa isixhobo libandakanya ukuziqhelanisa kwiimeko zokulinganisa, njengokusebenzisa isixhobo esithintela umboniso kunye nomqeqeshi okanye ukusebenzisa isixhobo soqeqesho esivunyiweyo. Zombini zinokubalwa kwimfuno yamava xa zifakwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zingaphakathi kwemida yetyala efanelekileyo.

Iziqinisekiso zomqeqeshi zibalulekile. Kwixesha lesixhobo sovavanyo lwezixhobo-moya zaseMelika, ubuncinane iiyure ezili-15 kufuneka zifunyanwe kumqeqeshi ogunyazisiweyo one-instrument-airplane rating, ngokutsho kweOfisi yeFederal Register. Bhala phantsi iziqinisekiso zomqeqeshi kunye noqeqesho alufumeneyo, endaweni yokuthembela kuphela kwinani leeyure zizonke.

Izixhobo zoqeqesho lweenqwelo moya zinokongeza kwimiyalelo yeenqwelo moya, kodwa iikhredithi zazo zinemida. Umfaki-sicelo wase-US anganika ubuninzi beeyure ezili-10 zexesha lesixhobo esifunyenwe kwisixhobo soqeqesho lweenqwelo moya esisisiseko kwiimfuno zexesha lesixhobo, ngokutsho kweOfisi yeRejista yeFederal. Phantsi kweCandelo 61, ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-20 kwiSixhobo soQeqesho lweenqwelo moya esiPhambili singabalwa kwiimfuno zamava.

Izibonelelo zezixhobo zikwaxhomekeke kwindlela uqeqesho oluqhutywa ngayo. Ngaphandle kwesibonelelo sokulinganisa iCandelo 142, akukho iiyure ezingaphezulu kwama-20 ezinokuthi zifakwe kwiisimulator, izixhobo zoqeqesho lokubhabha, izixhobo zoqeqesho lokubhabha, okanye indibaniselwano. Ixesha lezixhobo ezigqityiweyo phantsi kweCandelo 142, ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-30 kwisimulator yokubhabha epheleleyo okanye isixhobo soqeqesho lokubhabha singabalwa. Gcina uhlobo lwesixhobo kunye nesiseko soqeqesho sahlukile kwincwadi yelog.

Amava okuhamba ngenqwelomoya ahlukile kwixesha lezixhobo ezisebenza iiyure ezingama-40. Kwireyithingi yezixhobo-moya, uqeqesho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya olufunekayo lwe-IFR kufuneka lugubungele iimayile ezingama-250 zaselwandle kwiindlela zomoya okanye ngendlela eqondisiweyo ukusuka kwiziko lolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya, ngokutsho kweOfisi yeRejista yeFederal. Uhambo kufuneka lubandakanye indlela yezixhobo kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya ngasinye kunye neendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zokuhambisa.

Hlela iirekhodi ngenqwelo moya, iseshoni yokulinganisa, isixhobo soqeqesho, umqeqeshi, kunye nenkqubo egqityiweyo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuchonga ukuba leliphi ixesha elisebenzayo kunye nokuba indlela nganye okanye umsebenzi ubhaliwe na. Isatifikethi somqhubi wabucala kunye nokulungiswa kolwazi lweenqwelo moya zijongana neendawo ezahlukeneyo zokufaneleka; akukho nanye kuzo ethatha indawo yamava ezixhobo ezigciniweyo. Ubuchule bolwimi lwesiNgesi bukwayimfuneko kumfaki-sicelo, kungekhona ikhredithi kwiiyure zezixhobo.

Kwindlela yokuziqhelanisa elungelelaniswe iiseshoni zeenqwelo-moya kunye nezixhobo kunye neenkqubo zezixhobo, Cwangcisa uqeqesho lokubhabha ngezixhobo malunga namava afunekayo.

Isikolo seenqwelomoya e-USA: Inkqubo yoMsebenzi weXabiso eliQinisekisiweyo

I-Flight School USA inikezela ngeNkqubo yoMsebenzi weXabiso eliSigxina kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanomdla wokwenza umsebenzi wobuchwephesha wokubhabha. Nje ukuba uhlolisise amava ezixhobo, ulwazi, kunye nemigangatho yobuchule, cinga ngendlela olu vavanyo oluhambelana ngayo neenjongo zakho zoqeqesho olubanzi. Beka iimfuno eziseleyo ngokuchasene nezatifikethi kunye noqeqesho oceba ukululandela, endaweni yokuphatha uphononongo lwezixhobo njengophawu olukhethekileyo.

I-Flight School USA ikwabonelela ngeNkqubo ye-CFI Fast Track, i-GI Bill Flight Training, iiNkonzo zoKwamkelwa kwe-M1 Visa, kunye neNkqubo yoKulungela i-Airline. Ezi ndlela zijongana namanqanaba ahlukeneyo omsebenzi kunye neemeko zabafundi. Ukuba ukulungele ukuxoxa ngeenjongo zakho zoqeqesho lokubhabha kunye namanyathelo alandelayo anokubakho, nxibelelana ne-Flight School USA.

Guqula iSicwangciso sakho soQeqesho sibe yiNdlela yoMsebenzi

Qhagamshelanisa iimfuno zovavanyo lwezixhobo nomsebenzi wokulinga owakhayo. Gqiba apho uvavanyo luhambelana khona nolu landelelwano loqeqesho lwakho, uze uchonge amava kunye nokulungiselela okusadingayo. Isicwangciso esicacileyo sidibanisa isigqibo ngasinye soqeqesho kunye nenkqubela phambili oyifunayo, endaweni yokuphatha isatifikethi ngasinye njengendawo eyahlukileyo.

I-Flight School USA inikezela ngeNkqubo yoMsebenzi eQinisekisiweyo yoqeqesho olugxile kumsebenzi, iNkqubo ye-CFI Fast Track, kunye noQeqesho lwe-GI Bill Flight. Ezi nkqubo zijongana neenjongo kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke cinga ukuba zeziphi ezihambelana kakuhle nesigaba sakho esilandelayo. Nxibelelana ne-Flight School USA ukuze uxoxe ngendlela iinjongo zakho zoqeqesho ezihambelana ngayo nezi nkqubo.

Qhagamshelana neSikolo seenqwelomoya e-USA ukuze nixoxe ngeenjongo zenu zokuqhuba inqwelo moya kunye namanyathelo alandelayo. Qhubeka nokuzibamba, kwaye wenze ukuba inqwelo moya nganye ibalwe kumqhubi wenqwelo moya ofuna ukuba nguye.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukugqiba ukulinganisa izixhobo zomculo?

Ikhosi yokulinganisa izixhobo ngokukhawuleza idla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-12, kodwa ixesha lakho lokwenyani lixhomekeke kubuninzi boqeqesho, imozulu, ukufikelela kwinqwelo-moya, kunye nokulungela uvavanyo olusebenzayo. Ishedyuli egxininisiweyo inokunciphisa izikhewu phakathi kwezifundo, ngelixa uqeqesho oluphazamisekileyo lunokufuna uphononongo olongezelelweyo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Amava akho okuqala kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho ngamnye wokubhabha nako kuyayichaphazela isantya. Cwangcisa ubuchule obubonisiweyo, kungekuphela nje umhla wekhalenda ekujoliswe kuwo.

Icandelo 61 okanye Icandelo 141?

Icandelo 61 libonelela ngendlela yoqeqesho eyakhelwe ngokuhlangabezana namava afanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokuqinisekiswa; Icandelo 141 lilandela ikhosi evunyiweyo necwangcisiweyo. Thelekisa indlela indlela nganye ephatha ngayo amava akho agciniweyo, inkqubela phambili yekhosi, kunye noqeqesho lokubhabha olusele. Umzekelo, umqhubi wenqwelo moya onexesha elininzi le-PIC unokulilinganisa ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuneyomntu oqala ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sekhosi yesikolo. Ukulingana okungcono kuxhomekeke kwiirekhodi zakho, ukhetho loqeqesho, kunye nesicwangciso somsebenzi.

Yintoni kanye kanye ebandakanya ukuvavanywa kwesixhobo?

Uvavanyo olusebenzayo luvavanya ukuba ungenza na imisebenzi yesixhobo esifunekayo ngokwemigangatho ye-FAA, kungekhona nje iinkqubo zokukhumbula. I-FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS ibandakanya ukuhambahamba, ukusebenza ngongxamiseko, kunye nemisebenzi yokujongana nezixhobo. Umzekelo, umsebenzi omnye wokuhambahamba uchaza isantya somoya ngaphakathi kwamaqhina ali-10, ukuphakama ngaphakathi kweenyawo ezili-100, kunye nezihloko ezikhethiweyo ngaphakathi kwe-10 degrees. Imisebenzi yendlela ikwavavanya ukulandelwa kwesikhokelo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemilinganiselo ephantsi efanelekileyo.

Zithini iimfuno ze-FAA ukuze ufumane ireyithingi yesixhobo?

Ukuze ufumane ireyithingi yezixhobo zenqwelomoya, abafaki-zicelo bafuna isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya esifanelekileyo, ulwazi olufunekayo kunye neemvume zokubhabha, amava okubhabha afanelekileyo, kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo oluphumeleleyo. Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka babe neminyaka eli-17 ubudala ubuncinane kwaye bakwazi ukufunda, ukuthetha, ukubhala, nokuqonda isiNgesi. Ngaphambi kokuba ucwangcise uhambo lokuhlola, cwangcisa incwadi yakho ye-log ngokweendidi zeenqwelomoya, ixesha le-PIC elinqumla ilizwe, uqeqesho lwabafundisi, kunye namava okwenyani okanye okulinganisa izixhobo ukuze kuchongwe naziphi na izikhewu ezisele zokufaneleka.

Zingaphi iiyure zokubhabha ezifunekayo ukuze kulinganiswe izixhobo phantsi kweCandelo 61 le-FAR?

Phantsi kwe-14 CFR 61.65, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka babhalise iiyure ezingama-40 zexesha lesixhobo sokwenyani okanye esilinganiswayo kwiindawo ezithile zokusebenza. Kwireyithingi yesixhobo-senqwelomoya, imfuneko eqhelekileyo yokuwela ilizwe ziiyure ezingama-50 njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya olawulayo, kuquka iiyure ezili-10 kwinqwelomoya. Ezi ziindidi zamava ahlukeneyo, ngoko ke musa ukuphatha ixesha le-PIC lokuwela ilizwe njengendawo yexesha lesixhobo. Hlola ingeniso nganye ye-logbook ukuze ufumane udidi kunye nenjongo yayo efanelekileyo.

Zithini iimfuno zovavanyo lolwazi lovavanyo lwe-FAA kunye namanqaku okupasa?

Uvavanyo lwe-FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane lolwazi lunemibuzo engama-60 yokukhetha iimpendulo ezininzi, amanqaku okupasa angama-70%, kunye nomda wexesha leeyure ezi-2. Phantsi kweCandelo 61, abafaki-zicelo bafuna imvume yomqeqeshi ngaphambi kokuba babhale uvavanyo. Iziphumo zokupasa zisebenza iinyanga ezingama-24, ngoko ke lungelelanisa amalungiselelo ovavanyo kunye nocwangciso lovavanyo olusebenzayo. Emva kweemviwo zokuziqhelanisa, hlaziya isihloko ngasinye esingafakwanga kwaye uchaze umthetho osisiseko okanye inkqubo yesixhobo ngamazwi akho.

Zithini iimfuno zovavanyo olusebenzayo lovavanyo lwezixhobo kunye nemigangatho ye-ACS?

Uvavanyo olusebenzayo lujonga ukusebenza ngokuthelekisa i-FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS, kuquka imisebenzi yesixhobo esifunekayo kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Kumsebenzi othile wendlela, ulwalathiso oluthe nkqo nolusecaleni kufuneka luhlale ngaphakathi kwe-¾-scale kwicandelo lokugqibela lendlela. Umsebenzi othile wendlela engachanekanga ufuna ukuphakama, ukuba kuyasebenza, kuhlale ngaphezulu kwe-MDA +100/-0 iinyawo ukuya kwindawo yokuhla ebonakalayo okanye indlela ephosiweyo. Lungiselela ngokuziqhelanisa nomsebenzi ngamnye we-ACS kwaye uhlole ukunyamezela kwawo.

Zithini iimfuno zovavanyo lwezixhobo phantsi kweCandelo 141 xa kuthelekiswa neCandelo 61?

Icandelo 141 lifuna ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-35 zoqeqesho lokubhabha ukuze kulinganiswe izixhobo zokuqala, ngelixa Icandelo 61 lisebenzisa iimfuno zamava eziquka iiyure ezingama-40 zexesha lesixhobo sokwenyani okanye esilinganiswayo. Icandelo 141 lokufaneleka kovavanyo lokwenziwa aludingi iiyure ezingama-50 zexesha le-PIC eliwela ilizwe elisebenzayo phantsi kweCandelo 61. Thelekisa incwadi yakho yelogi ekhoyo kunye nendlela oyikhethileyo ngaphambi koqeqesho, ingakumbi ukuba uqokelele amava ngaphandle kwekhosi ecwangcisiweyo.