FAA Medical Guide

Iimfuno zonyango ze-FAA: Njengomqhubi onqwenelayo okanye onamava, kufuneka ukwazi ukubaluleka kokuhlala usempilweni entle ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko esibhakabhakeni. I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ibeka iimfuno ezithile zonyango, kwaye ukufumana isiqinisekiso sonyango linyathelo elibalulekileyo kuhambo lwakho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siya kukunceda uqonde iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomqhubi wenqwelomoya, ujongane neenkxalabo zonyango eziqhelekileyo, kwaye unike iingcebiso eziluncedo kunye nezixhobo zomsebenzi wakho wokubhabha.

Intshayelelo kwi-Federal Aviation Administration pilot medicals

I-FAA liqumrhu elilawulayo elinoxanduva lokulawula ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya eMelika. Olunye uxanduva lwabo oluphambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bayayifikelela imilinganiselo ethile yezonyango. I-FAA iseka le migangatho ngoluhlu lweemfuno zesatifikethi sezonyango, ezilungiselelwe ukugcina ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabaqhubi kunye nabakhweli.

Ukufumana isatifikethi sikagqirha, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bavavanywe ngokucokisekileyo nguMhloli wezoNyango ochongiweyo kwi-Aviation Medical Examiner (AME). Ezi mviwo zivavanya impilo yonke yomqhubi wenqwelomoya, kubandakanywa impilo-ntle yakhe yomzimba nengqondo. Esi sikhokelo siya kugocagoca kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango ze-FAA, ukuqinisekiswa kwazo, kunye neemfuno zeendidi ezahlukeneyo zokulinga.

Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-FAA

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezatifikethi zonyango ze-FAA, nganye ineemfuno zayo ezithile kunye namalungelo. Ezi zatifikethi zihlelwe ngokwe-Basic Med, i-First-class, i-Second-class, kunye ne-Third class. Makhe sihlolisise uhlobo ngalunye.

a. Basic Med

I-Basic Med yenye indlela entsha kwizatifiketi zonyango ze-FAA. Yaziswa kwi-2017 ukubonelela ngeendlela eziguquguqukayo kunye nezifikelelekayo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya. Ukuze ufanelekele i-Basic Med, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babambe ilayisenisi yokuqhuba yase-US esebenzayo, babe nesiqinisekiso sonyango kulo naliphi na inqanaba emva koJulayi 14, 2006, kwaye bagqibe ikhosi yemfundo yezonyango kwi-intanethi rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Ukongeza, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka bavavanywe ngugqirha onelayisensi karhulumente rhoqo emva kweminyaka emine.

b. Iklasi yokuqala

Isiqinisekiso sonyango sodidi lokuQala lelona nqanaba liphezulu lesiqinisekiso kwaye liyafuneka kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abasebenza njengabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya (ATP) okanye abo bafuna ukufumana isatifikethi se-ATP. Esi satifikethi sineemfuno zonyango ezingqongqo, kubandakanya imigangatho ethile yokubona, ukuva, impilo yentliziyo, kunye nempilo yengqondo.

c. Iklasi yesibini

Izatifikethi zonyango zodidi lwesibini ziyimfuneko kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangabambi isiqinisekiso se-ATP. Esi satifikethi sineemfuno ezingqongqo kancinci kunesatifikethi sodidi lokuqala kodwa sigcina imigangatho ephezulu yempilo iyonke.

d. Udidi lwesithathu

Isiqinisekiso sobugqirha sodidi lweSithathu sesona siqinisekiso sisisiseko kwaye siyafuneka kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babucala, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bokuzonwabisa, kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya. Iimfuno zonyango zesi satifikethi zingqongqo kunezatifikethi zodidi lokuQala okanye lweSibini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lolona khetho lufikelelekayo kubaqhubi abaninzi abanomdla.

Isiqinisekiso sonyango seFAA ubude bexesha

Uhlobo ngalunye lwesatifikethi sezonyango se-FAA sinexesha elithile elisemthethweni, apho umqhubi wenqwelomoya angasebenzisa amalungelo anxulumene nesatifikethi sakhe. Kubalulekile ukuqonda la maxesha ukuze uqinisekise ukuba isatifikethi sakho sikagqirha sihlala sisebenza kwimisebenzi yakho yokubhabha.

1. Iklasi yokuqala:
   • Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala: iinyanga zekhalenda ezili-12
   • Iminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu: iinyanga ezi-6 zekhalenda
2. Udidi lwesibini:
   • Yonke iminyaka: Iinyanga zekhalenda ezili-12
3. Udidi lwesithathu:
   • Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala: iinyanga zekhalenda ezili-60
   • Iminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu: iinyanga ezi-24 zekhalenda
4. I-Med esisiseko:
   • Yonke iminyaka: Iinyanga zekhalenda ezingama-48 zovavanyo lomzimba, iinyanga zekhalenda ezingama-24 kwikhosi yemfundo yezonyango ekwi-Intanethi

Ngubani ofuna isiqinisekiso sonyango se-FAA?

Bonke abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, nokuba bathini na kwinqanaba lamava okanye uhlobo lokubhabha, kufuneka bafumane isatifikethi sikagqirha se-FAA. Abafundi, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kunye nababucala bafuna isatifikethi sodidi lweSithathu, ngelixa abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bafuna isatifikethi sodidi lweSibini. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya zothutho lwenqwelomoya, okanye abo bafuna ukuba ngomnye wabo, kufuneka baphathe isatifikethi sikagqirha sodidi lokuqala.

I-Basic Med yenye indlela yokukhetha abaqhubi abahlangabezana neemfuno zokufaneleka kwaye banqwenela ukubhabha phantsi kweemeko ezithile ezichazwe yi-FAA, kubandakanywa izithintelo zobunzima benqwelomoya kunye nabakhweli abahlanu ubuninzi.

Ukujongana neenkxalabo zonyango eziqhelekileyo

Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bahlala benenkxalabo malunga neemeko ezithile zonyango ezinokuchaphazela amandla abo okufumana okanye ukugcina isiqinisekiso sonyango se-FAA. Makhe sijongane nezinye iinkxalabo zonyango eziqhelekileyo:

a. I-FAA yesifo seswekile sonyango

Isifo seswekile sinokuba yimeko engafanelekanga phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Noko ke, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanesifo seswekile abalawulwa ngokutya, ukwenza umthambo, okanye amayeza aselwayo basenokukufanelekela ukufumana isiqinisekiso sikagqirha. Abaqhubi besifo seswekile abaxhomekeke kwi-insulin banokufumana isigunyaziso esikhethekileyo sokukhutshwa, esibavumela ukuba babhabhe phantsi kweemeko ezithile kunye neemfuno zokubeka iliso.

b. I-FAA yobumfama bombala bonyango

Ukungaboni kakuhle ngemibala okanye ukungaboni kakuhle kwemibala kunokumenza umqhubi wenqwelo-moya akwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala, nto leyo efunekayo ekutolikeni izicangca zeenqwelo-moya, imiqondiso nezixhobo zokukhanyisa. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangaboniyo ngemibala basafanele bafumane isatifikethi sikagqirha ukuba banokuphumelela olunye uvavanyo lokubona imibala okanye babonise amandla abo okwenza imisebenzi yokubhabha exhomekeke kwingcinga yemibala.

c. FAA amayeza ezonyango

Amayeza athile anokungafaneleki okanye afune ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo xa ufumana isatifikethi sikagqirha se-FAA. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngawo nawaphi na amayeza owathathayo kunye noMvavanyi wakho wezoNyango ngeAviation (AME) ngexesha lovavanyo lwakho lwezonyango ukufumanisa ukuba ayahambelana na nokubhabha.

Iimfuno zonyango ze-FAA kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokulinga

Iimfuno zonyango ze-FAA ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesatifikethi sokulingwa osilandelayo. Makhe sihlolisise ezi mfuno kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokulinga.

a. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya wabucala

Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babucala bafuna isatifikethi sodidi lweSithathu, esivavanya impilo yabo iyonke, umbono, ukuva, kunye nempilo yabo yengqondo. Uviwo luqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi babucala banokusebenzisa inqwelomoya ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphandle kokubeka umngcipheko kubo okanye kwabanye.

b. Isixhobo sokukala

Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abalandela ukureyithwa kwesixhobo kufuneka babambe ubuncinane isatifiketi sikagqirha sodidi lweSithathu. Iimfuno zonyango ziyafana nabaqhubi babucala, njengoko ukulinganiswa kwesixhobo sisiqinisekiso esongezelelweyo sabaqhubi babucala okanye abaqhubi bezorhwebo.

c. Umqhubi worhwebo

Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe nesatifikethi sikagqirha sodidi lweSibini. Esi satifikethi sinemigangatho yonyango ephezulu kunesatifikethi sodidi lweSithathu, sineemfuno ezingqongqo zombono kunye nempilo iyonke.

d. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya (ATP)

Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya be-ATP kufuneka babambe isatifikethi sikagqirha sodidi lokuqala, esinezona mfuno zingqongqo zonyango phakathi kwazo zonke izatifikethi zonyango ze-FAA. Ezi mfuno ziqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi be-ATP banokusebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo iinqwelomoya ezinkulu, ezintsonkothileyo kwindawo enzima.

Ushwankathelo lwezonyango lwe-EASA

Ngelixa esi sikhokelo sigxile kunyango lwe-FAA, kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya abaphishekela umsebenzi ongaphandle kwe-United States ukuba baqonde iimfuno zonyango ze-European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).

a. Iindidi ze-EASA zonyango

I-EASA yonyango ihlelwe kwiindidi ezintathu: i-Class 1 yabaqhubi bezohwebo kunye ne-ATP, i-Class 2 yabaqhubi babucala, kunye ne-LAPL (iLayisensi ye-Aircraft Pilot License) yabaqhubi bezolonwabo.

b. Amaxesha okuqinisekiswa kwe-EASA zonyango

Ukunyaniseka kwezonyango ze-EASA nako kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesatifikethi kunye neminyaka yomqhubi wenqwelomoya:

1. Iklasi 1:
   • Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala: iinyanga zekhalenda ezili-12
   • Iminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu: iinyanga ezi-6 zekhalenda
2. Iklasi 2:
   • Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala: iinyanga zekhalenda ezili-60
   • Iminyaka engama-40-49 ubudala: iinyanga zekhalenda ezingama-24
   • Iminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu: iinyanga ezi-12 zekhalenda
3. I-LAPL:
   • Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala: iinyanga zekhalenda ezili-60
   • Iminyaka engama-40 nangaphezulu: iinyanga ezi-24 zekhalenda

Iingcebiso zokufumana kunye nokugcina izatifikethi zonyango ezilingwayo

1. Cwangcisa uxilongo lwakho lonyango kwangethuba ngaphambi kokuba isatifikethi sakho sangoku simiselwe ukuba siphelelwe lixesha, njengoko idinga kunye ne-AMEs linokuzalisa ngokukhawuleza.
2. Hlala uhlaziywa kwiinguqu kwimimiselo yezonyango ye-FAA kunye neemfuno.
3. Gcina usempilweni, kuquka umthambo rhoqo, ukutya okunesondlo, nokulala ngokwaneleyo.
4. Xoxa ngazo naziphi na iinkxalabo zonyango okanye utshintsho kwimpilo yakho kunye ne-AME yakho ngaphambi kovavanyo lwakho.
5. Ukuba unemeko yonyango engafanelekanga, qhagamshelana ne-AME yakho okanye umcebisi wezonyango we-aviation ukuhlola iinketho zokukhutshwa okukhethekileyo okanye ukukhululwa.

Izibonelelo zokhokelo lwesiqinisekiso sonyango esilingwayo

1. Isikhokelo se-FAA saBavavanyi bezoNyango ngezoPhapho: https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/aam/ame/guide/
2. Iinkonzo zoKhuselo loLingelo lwe-AOPA: https://www.aopa.org/go-fly/medical-resources/pilot-protection-services
3. Izisombululo zoNyango eziLingayo: https://www.leftseat.com/

Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo: 130 USD

isiphelo

Ukuqonda iintlobo ze-Federal Aviation Administration zovavanyo lwezonyango kubalulekile kumsebenzi wakho wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya, impilo yakho kunye nempilo yakho ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwabo bonke abo bakwinqwelomoya yakho. Hlala unolwazi, gcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni, kwaye uthabathe inyathelo ekujonganeni nazo naziphi na iinkxalabo zonyango. Ngesi sikhokelo, ukuxhotyiselwe kakuhle ukuhambahamba kwihlabathi lezatifikethi zonyango ze-FAA kwaye wonwabele umsebenzi onempumelelo nonelisayo esibhakabhakeni.

Qhagamshelana nathi okanye ufowunele iQela leFlyers yaseFlorida + 1 904 209 3510 ukufunda ngakumbi ngeemfuno zonyango ze-FAA.