Ukuba uzimisele ngokubhabha ukuze uziphilise, umbuzo wokuqala ucacile: uba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wezorhwebo njani e-USA?
Nokuba usaqala okanye utshintsha imisebenzi, inkqubo iyafana-fumana izatifikethi zakho ze-FAA, yakha iiyure zakho zokubhabha, kwaye uqeqeshe ngesikolo esifanelekileyo esikumisela impumelelo yehlabathi lokwenyani.
Kwesi sikhokelo, uya kufumanisa kanye ukuba yintoni na efunekayo ukusuka kwi-zero yexesha lokubhabha uye kubamba iLayisensi yokuPhila ngoRhwebo (CPL). Siza kugubungela zonke iinkalo ezibalulekileyo-ukusuka kwilayisenisi yakho yokuqhuba yabucala kunye nomlinganiselo wesixhobo ukuya kwiimfuno zeyure yenqwelomoya, iindlela zokundwendwela, kunye nokhetho lomsebenzi.
Makhe siyaphule.
Inyathelo loku-1: Fumana iLayisensi yakho yokuLibatha yaBucala (PPL)
Inyathelo lokuqala lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wezorhwebo e-USA kukufumana umvuzo wakho Ilayisensi yokuLitha yaBucala (PPL).
Esi satifikethi sikuvumela ukuba ubhabhe wedwa kunye nabakhweli-ubeka isiseko sazo zonke iilayisensi eziphambili. Uya kugqiba ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-40 ngenqwelomoya (nangona uninzi lwabafundi luphakathi kwe-50-70), kunye nesikolo esisezantsi. Imimiselo ye-FAA, imithetho ye-aerodynamics, imozulu, kunye ne-airspace.
Ukuze ufaneleke, kuya kufuneka:
- Dlula i Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwe-FAA (Ubuncinci beklasi yesi-3)
- Gqibezela uvavanyo lwakho lolwazi olubhaliweyo
- Uqhube ngempumelelo utshekhiride ngoMvavanyi oyiPilot oMiweyo (DPE)
Unokufumana i-PPL yakho nokuba yeyiphi na Icandelo 61 or Icandelo 141 isikolo sokubhabha, kuxhomekeke kwisantya osithandayo kunye nolwakhiwo.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Yongeza iNqanaba lakho leSixhobo
Okulandelayo, kuya kufuneka ufumane eyakho Umlinganiselo wesixhobo (IR)-imfuno ebalulekileyo phantse kuyo yonke imisebenzi yorhwebo kunye nenqwelomoya.
Olu luhlu lukuqeqesha ukuba ubhabhe kuphela ngokubhekisele kwizixhobo, ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo. Ikulungiselela ukuphatha imozulu ephantsi ebonakalayo, iindlela zesixhobo, kunye ne-IFR (i-Instrument Flight Rules) iinkqubo.
Ukufumana uHlelo lwakho lweSixhobo, uya kugqiba:
- Iiyure ezingama-40 ukuya kwezingama-50 zexesha lokubhabha kwesixhobo (elokwenene okanye elifanisiweyo)
- Isilingisi kunye noqeqesho lwenqwelomoya kwi-IFR yokuhamba, unxibelelwano, kunye neenkqubo zikaxakeka
- Uviwo olubhaliweyo lwe-FAA kunye nokuhlolwa okusebenzayo
Olu kulinganisa luhlala lufunyanwa ngoko nangoko emva kwe-PPL, lwenza ibhloko yokwakha yesibini kwindlela yakho yokuba ngumqhubi wezorhwebo e-USA.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Fumana iLayisensi yakho yokuLinga uRhwebo (CPL)
Esi sesona siganeko sibalulekileyo kuhambo lwakho lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wezorhwebo e-USA. Nje ukuba uzuze i-PPL yakho kunye noHlelo lweSixhobo, inyathelo elilandelayo yi-Commercial Pilot License (CPL)—isiqinisekiso esikuvumela ukuba ubhabhele imbuyekezo.
Ukuze ulungele ukufumana i-CPL, kufuneka:
- Log 250 iiyure flight (Inxalenye 61) okanye 190 iiyure (Icandelo 141)
- Qeqesha kwinqwelomoya entsonkothileyo okanye enobuchwepheshe obuphambili
- Gqibezela Nqumla iliawe, ubusuku bubhabha, kunye nexesha eyedwa
- Ukuphumelela uviwo lolwazi olubhaliweyo lwe-FAA kunye nokutshekisha
I-CPL yeyona nto ifunekayo kwimisebenzi yenqwelo-moya ehlawulwa kakhulu, kuquka ukusebenza kwe-charter, i-cargo, imiyalelo yenqwelo-moya (kunye nesatifikethi esongezelelweyo), kunye neenqwelo-moya zophando lwasemoyeni. Yimpendulo esesikweni yendlela yokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wezorhwebo e-USA, evula umnyango wenqanaba lemisebenzi yophapho.
Inyathelo lesi-4 (Ngokuzikhethela): Yongeza iNqanaba leeNjini ezininzi ukuze ube ngumqhubi wezoRhwebo e-USA.
Nangona kungafunekiyo kwi-CPL, a Ukukala kweeNjini ezininzi kucetyiswa ngamandla ukuba ulandela indima yomqhubi wenqwelomoya okanye yequmrhu.
Olu vavanyo lukuqeqesha ukuba usebenzise inqwelomoya eneenjini ezimbini ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo-ukugquma i-asymmetrical thrust, iinkqubo zokuphuma kwe-injini, kunye ne-aerodynamics ephezulu.
Ukuba uzimisele malunga nokuba ungaba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wezorhwebo e-USA kwaye ufuna ukukhuphisana ngemisebenzi ehlawula kakhulu, olu reyithingi longeza ixabiso lokwenyani. Uninzi lweenkampani zeenqwelo moya kunye neenkampani ezihlawulayo zifuna amava eenjini ezininzi njengenxalenye yeziqinisekiso zabo ezincinci.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ngumqhubi weRhwebo e-USA
Inxalenye enkulu yokucwangcisa indlela yokuba ngumqhubi wezorhwebo e-USA kukuqonda umda wexesha.
Kubafundi bexesha elizeleyo, uhambo olusuka kumava angama-zero ukuya kwiLayisensi yokuLinga uRhwebo (CPL) ludla ngokuthatha iinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18. Kubafundi abangesosigxina balinganisa umsebenzi okanye isikolo, inkqubo inokunwebeka ukuya kwiinyanga ezingama-24 nangaphezulu.
Ixesha lakho lilonke loqeqesho lixhomekeke koku:
- Ubhabha kangaphi ngeveki
- Nokuba uqeqesha phantsi kweCandelo 61 okanye iCandelo 141
- Imozulu kunye nendawo (iFlorida ibonelela ngeemeko zokubhabha unyaka wonke)
- Isicwangciso sokwakha ixesha (indlela yeCFI, iiyure zokulinganisa, okanye iipakethe zokurenta)
Ngokukhawuleza uqalisa ukubhabha rhoqo, kokukhona uya kufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwiinjongo zakho zokulinga urhwebo kwinkqubo yezophapho yase-US.
Ngaba abaFundi baMazwe ngaMazwe bangaBa ngabaqhubi bezoRhwebo e-USA?
Ewe-abafundi bamazwe aphesheya banokuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelo moya e-USA, kwaye amawaka ayenza minyaka le.
Ukuze ufaneleke, uya kufuna:
- An M-1 umfundi visa
- TSA imvume phantsi kweNkqubo yoMfundi we-Alien Flight
- Ukubhaliswa kwi-FAA-certified Part 141 flight school
Amanyathelo okuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya ayafana ubukhulu becala kubo bobabini abafundi base-US nabamazwe ngamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, abafaki-zicelo bamanye amazwe kufuneka babonelele ngepaspoti, i-visa, kunye namaxwebhu e-SEVIS, kwaye kwezinye iimeko bahlangabezane nemigangatho eyongezelelweyo yobuchule besiNgesi.
Florida Flyers Flight Academy uqeqesha abafundi bezizwe ngezizwe abavela kwihlabathi liphela, ukubonelela ngenkxaso epheleleyo ngamaphepha e-visa, izindlu, kunye nemvume ye-TSA-ukwenza kube lula ukulandela usukelo lwakho lokuba ngumqhubi wezorhwebo e-USA.
Yeyiphi imisebenzi onokuthi uyifumane ngePhepha-mvume lokuRhweba lokuRhweba e-USA?
Nje ukuba ugqibezele amanyathelo oqeqesho achazwe ngendlela yokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wezorhwebo e-USA, ufanelekile kuluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi yokubhabha yobuchule. Ngelixa uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abatsha bangatsibi ngqo kwii-cockpits zenqwelomoya, zininzi iindawo eziqinileyo zokungena onokukhetha kuzo.
Abaninzi abaphumeleleyo baqala ngokusebenza njengabaQinisekisiweyo beFlight Instructors (CFIs)-indlela eqinisekisiweyo ekuvumela ukuba wakhe iiyure ngelixa ufumana umvuzo ozinzile. Abanye bayangena imisebenzi yamalungelo, abaxumi abazimeleyo ababhabhayo okanye imithwalo encinci kwindawo yomoya yengingqi. Inqwelomoya yenkampani lelinye icandelo elikhulayo, elibonelela ngezikhundla zabaphathi beshishini elibhabhayo kwiijethi zabucala.
Amathuba ongezelelweyo abandakanya ukutsalwa kwebhena, uphando lwasemoyeni kunye nokufota, ukhenketho lokubona, kunye nokubhabha kwezolimo. Ezi ndima zibonelela ngexesha elixabisekileyo lokubhabha elihlawulelwayo kwaye kaninzi lisebenza njengamatye okunyathela ukuya kwiziqinisekiso zenqwelomoya. Ngamafutshane, ukufumana iLayisensi yokuPilot yeRhwebo (CPL) kuvula ucango lwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yenqwelomoya kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwinqanaba lenqwelomoya.
Kuxabisa malini ukuba ngumqhubi weRhwebo e-USA?
Iindleko zoqeqesho lwenqwelomoya yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ucwangcisa ukuba ungaba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wezorhwebo e-USA. Ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni, iindleko zizonke zokufumana i-CPL yakho zisuka kwi-$45,000 ukuya kwi-$70,000, ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yakho yoqeqesho kunye nesantya.
Eli nani libandakanya ulandelelwano olupheleleyo loqeqesho: iLayisensi yokuPilot yaBucala (PPL), iNxibelelaniso yeSixhobo, iLayisensi yokuLinga iRhwebo, kunye nokwakhiwa kweyure-nokuba kukurenta inqwelomoya, imiyalelo yokubhabha, okanye iipakethe zokwakha ixesha. Uqeqesho lwabafundi phantsi kweNkqubo ye-141 inokufikelela kwiiyure ezifunekayo ngokufanelekileyo, okunokuthi kuthotywe iindleko zizonke.
Iiflaya zaseFlorida kunye nezikolo ezifanayo zibonelela ngezicwangciso zentlawulo eziguquguqukayo, inkxaso-mali engqamene nolingo, kunye nokufikelela kwiimali zokufunda ezinokunciphisa umthwalo wemali. Into ephambili kukujongana noqeqesho kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olucacileyo, isicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo, kunye nesikolo esixhasa inkqubela yakho ukususela kusuku lokuqala.
isiphelo
Ukuqonda indlela yokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya e-USA linyathelo lokuqala lokusungula ikhondo lomsebenzi kwelinye lawona mashishini ahlonitshwayo kwihlabathi. Ukusuka kwi-PPL yakho ukuya kwi-CPL yakho, inyathelo elibalulekileyo ngalinye linyathelo elisondele kwi-cockpit yendima ehlawulelwayo yokubhabha.
Ngesikolo esifanelekileyo, uqeqesho olucwangcisiweyo, kunye neemeko zokubhabha zonyaka wonke, ungafumana iLayisensi yakho yokuLawulwa kweRhwebo phantsi kweminyaka emibini-ulungele ukukhwela iinqwelomoya, imiyalelo yokubhabha, kunye nendlela eya kwiinqwelomoya.
ICandelo le-FAQ: Ungaba njani nguPilot wezoRhwebo e-USA
Ngaba ndingaba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wezorhwebo ngaphandle kwesidanga sasekholejini?
Ewe. I-FAA ayifuni isidanga sekholeji ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya. Uninzi lwabaqeshi lubeka phambili iilayisensi, iiyure zokubhabha, kunye nezakhono ngaphezulu kweziqinisekiso zemfundo.
Zingaphi iiyure endizidingayo ukuze ndifumane iphepha-mvume lokuqhuba ishishini?
Udinga iiyure ze-flight ezingama-250 phantsi kweSigaba 61, okanye iiyure ezili-190 phantsi kweNkqubo yeCandelo le-141 ukuze ulungele iLayisensi yokuLinga iRhwebo (CPL).
Ngaba ilayisenisi yokuqhuba ishishini isemthethweni kwihlabathi jikelele?
ILayisensi ye-FAA yoRhwebo yokuLinga ihlonitshwa ngokubanzi kodwa ayisebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo kuwo onke amazwe. Amazwe amaninzi anikezela ngeendlela zoguqulo ukuze zilungelelaniswe negunya labo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-CPL kunye ne-ATP?
I-CPL ikuvumela ukuba uhlawulwe ukuze ubhabhe ngokomsebenzi. Ilayisensi ye-ATP (I-Airline Transport Pilot) iyafuneka ukuze usebenze njengomphathi kwiinkampani zorhwebo. I-ATP ifuna iiyure ezininzi kunye noqeqesho oluphambili.
Ngaba abafundi bamanye amazwe bangafaka isicelo soqeqesho lokulinga urhwebo e-USA?
Ewe. Abafundi bamazwe ngamazwe banokufaka izicelo ze-FAA-ezivunyiweyo zeCandelo le-141 iinkqubo kunye ne-visa ye-M-1. Iiflaya zaseFlorida zibonelela ngenkxaso epheleleyo yokukhutshwa kwe-TSA kunye namaxwebhu e-visa yabafundi.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokwenza uguqulo lwelayisensi yokulinga yangaphandle ngamanyathelo ama-4.
