Esi sikhokelo sichaza iintlobo ezibalulekileyo zesantya seenqwelo-moya kuquka i-Indicated Airspeed, i-True Airspeed, i-Calibrated Airspeed, i-Ground Speed, kunye ne-V-speeds. Sigubungela izixhobo zokulinganisa isantya, izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kweenqwelo-moya, kunye nemiphumo yokhuseleko yolawulo lwesantya olufanelekileyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafunda ukuba kutheni ukuqonda iintlobo ezininzi zesantya kubalulekile kwimisebenzi yokubhabha ekhuselekileyo, ukuchaneka kokuhamba, kunye nokugcina ulawulo lweenqwelo-moya kuzo zonke izigaba zokubhabha.
Isiqulatho
Isantya senqwelo-moya sisantya apho inqwelo-moya ihamba khona emoyeni. Sisisiseko sokhuseleko imisebenzi yenqwelomoyaUkuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesantya kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya kuzo zonke izigaba zesatifikethi. Ezi ziquka i-Indicated Airspeed, i-True Airspeed, i-Calibrated Airspeed, kunye ne-V-speeds. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesantya lusebenza injongo ethile ngexesha lokusuka, uhambo ngenqanawa, kunye nesigaba sokufika.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka babe nolwazi lokulinganisa isantya ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze bahambe ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Isantya somoya esibonisiweyo sibonakala kwizixhobo ze-cockpit. Isantya somoya sokwenyani sibonisa isantya sokwenyani emoyeni. Isantya somhlaba sichaza iziphumo zomoya. Isantya se-V sichaza imida ebalulekileyo yokusebenza. Ukulawula ezi zantya ngokuchanekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kunye nokhuseleko lokubhabha.
Isantya senqwelo-moya sitshintsha rhoqo ngokusekelwe kubude kunye neemeko zomoya. Ubunzima kunye nokwakheka kwazo kuchaphazela isantya. Ukutyhala, ukurhuqa, ukuphakamisa, kunye nomxhuzulane kuchaphazela indlela inqwelo-moya ehamba ngokukhawuleza ngayo. Esi sikhokelo sichaza uhlobo ngalunye lwesantya kuye nabani na obandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yeenqwelo-moya.
Ukubaluleka kokuqonda isantya senqwelomoya kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya
Ukuqonda isantya senqwelo-moya kubalulekile kwimisebenzi yokubhabha ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baxhomekeke kulwazi lwesantya ukuze benze izigqibo ezinolwazi ngexesha ngalinye lokubhabha. Ulawulo lwesantya olufanelekileyo luthintela iingozi kwaye luqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabakhweli.
Izizathu eziphambili zokuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafanele baqonde isantya seenqwelo-moya:
- Ithintela ukulibaziseka xa ubhabha kancinci
- Ithintela umonakalo owenziweyo ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu
- Ivumela ukuhamba ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokufika
- Iphucula indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ipetroli kwaye inciphisa iindleko
- Iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemiqathango yendawo yomoya
- Iphucula ukhuseleko lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ngokubanzi
Ubuchule bokuqhuba isantya bunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ukuba balawule ngokupheleleyo iinqwelo moya. Izitendi zenzeka xa umoya udlula phezu kwamaphiko unganeli ukuvelisa ukuphakama. Ukubaleka kakhulu kunokubangela umonakalo kwisakhiwo somoya. Imodeli nganye yenqwelo moya ineempawu zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo ekufuneka abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bazi.
Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwesantya luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abalawula isantya ngobuchule banciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli okuphantsi kunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kwaye kunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Ulwazi lwesantya ke ngoko luyimfuneko yokhuseleko kwaye lubalulekile kwezoqoqosho.
Izinto ezichaphazela isantya senqwelomoya
Izinto ezininzi zichaphazela isantya seenqwelo-moya ngexesha lokusebenza kweenqwelo-moya. Ezi zinto zitshintshayo zifuna ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya benze uhlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo ukuze bagcine isantya esifunekayo. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile kwimisebenzi yokubhabha ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo. Into nganye inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kweenqwelo-moya kunye nokonga amafutha.
1. Uxinano lomoya kunye nokuphakama
Uxinano lomoya luyancipha njengoko ukuphakama kusanda. Umoya omncinci kwiindawo eziphakamileyo udala ukumelana okuncinci. Oku kuvumela iinqwelo-moya ukuba zihambe ngokukhawuleza xa zitsalwa kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, umoya omncinci ukwavelisa ukuphakama okuncinci. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babuyisele isantya ngokunyusa isantya okanye ukulungisa i-engile yokuhlasela. Uxinano lomoya luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwenjini kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamaphiko.
2. Iimpembelelo zobushushu
Ubushushu buchaphazela kakhulu uxinano lomoya kunye nokusebenza kweenqwelo-moya. Umoya ofudumeleyo awuxinene kangako kunomoya opholileyo. Oku kuchaphazela zombini ukuveliswa kokuphakamisa kunye namandla okutsala. Imozulu eshushu inciphisa amandla enjini. Ubushushu obubandayo buyandisa uxinano lomoya kwaye buphucula ukusebenza. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baqwalasele ubushushu xa bebala isantya sokusuka.
3. Ubunzima beenqwelo-moya
Ubunzima yinto ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni isantya sokubhabha esifunekayo. Iinqwelo-moya ezinzima zifuna ukuphakanyiswa okungakumbi ukuze zigcine ukubhabha kusemgangathweni. Oku kufuna isantya esiphezulu kuzo zonke izigaba zokubhabha. Ukutshiswa kwepetroli kunciphisa ubunzima kancinci ngexesha lokubhabha. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya balungisa isantya ngokufanelekileyo njengoko ubunzima buncipha. Ubunzima buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgama wokusuka kunye nokusebenza kokunyuka.
4. Uqwalaselo lweenqwelo-moya
Utshintsho loqwalaselo lutshintsha kakhulu iimfuno zesantya senqwelo-moya. Iiflaphu ezoluliweyo zonyusa ukuphakama kodwa zikwadala ukutsalwa okongeziweyo. Izixhobo zokufika ezisezantsi zibangela ukutsalwa okukhulu. Olu tshintsho lufuna ukulungiswa kwesantya ukuze kusebenze ngokukhuselekileyo. Uqwalaselo olucocekileyo luvumela amandla aphezulu esantya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bakhetha uqwalaselo olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lokubhabha.
5. Umoya kunye neeMeko zeMozulu
Isantya somoya kunye necala oya kulo zichaphazela kakhulu isantya somhlaba. Imimoya evuthuzayo iyanciphisa isantya somhlaba ngelixa imimoya yasemva iyasinyusa. Imimoya evuthuzayo ifuna ukulungiswa kwesantya ngexesha lokusuka nokufika. Isiphithiphithi sinokubangela ukuba isantya sincitshiswe ukuze umkhweli akhululeke. Iimeko zemozulu zichaphazela isantya esifanelekileyo sokuhamba ngenqanawa.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zesantya seenqwelomoya
Isantya senqwelo-moya siquka iintlobo ezininzi zokulinganisa ezisetyenziswa ngabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngexesha lokubhabha. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesantya lusebenza injongo ethile phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha. Ukuqonda la mahluko kubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo kweenqwelo-moya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe nobuchule ekutolikeni nasekusebenziseni zonke iintlobo zesantya.
1. Isantya somoya esibonisiweyo (IAS)
I-Airspeed ebonisiweyo sisantya esiboniswa kwisalathisi sesantya somoya se-cockpit. Ilinganisa uxinzelelo olutshintshayo oluvela emoyeni ongena kwityhubhu ye-pitot. I-IAS ilinganiswa neemeko zomoya ezisemgangathweni kwinqanaba lolwandle. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya basebenzisa i-IAS njengesalathiso sabo esiphambili kuzo zonke izigaba zokubhabha. Inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kweenqwelo moya kunye neempawu zokuphatha. I-IAS ihlala ihambelana nokuba ukuphakama okanye ubushushu buyatshintsha.
2. Isantya soMoya sokwenyani (i-TAS)
Isantya somoya esiyinyani simele isantya sokwenyani senqwelo-moya ngobunzima bomoya. I-TAS ijongana nokulungiswa kokuphakama kunye nobushushu kwi-IAS. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kufuna ukubalwa kwe-TAS ukuze kucwangciswe ngokuchanekileyo ukuhambahamba. Umoya awuchaphazeli izibalo ze-TAS. Iikhompyutha zeenqwelo-moya zibala ngokuzenzekelayo i-TAS kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya. I-TAS ibalulekile ekucwangcisweni kwepetroli kunye nexesha eliqikelelweyo lokufika.
3. Isantya soMhlaba (GS)
Isantya soMhlaba sisantya sokwenyani phezu komphezulu woMhlaba. Sidibanisa i-TAS nesantya somoya kunye necala. Imimoya ephuma phambili inciphisa isantya somhlaba ngelixa imimoya yasemva isenza sibe sibi kakhulu. Iinkqubo zeGPS zibonelela ngokufundwa kwesantya somhlaba ngokuchanekileyo. Ulawulo lwezithuthi zomoya lusebenzisa isantya somhlaba ukwahlula kunye nokulandelelana. Isantya somhlaba simisela ixesha lokwenyani lokubhabha phakathi kweendawo eziya kuzo.
4. Isantya somoya esiHlanganisiweyo (i-CAS)
Isantya se-Air esiHlanganisiweyo silungisa i-IAS kwiimpazamo zezixhobo kunye nendawo. Inqwelo-moya nganye ineetshathi ezithile zokulinganisa ukubala i-CAS. I-CAS ibonelela ngokufundwa kwesantya okuchanekileyo kune-IAS eluhlaza. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya babhekisela kwi-CAS ukuze bafumane izibalo zokusebenza ezichanekileyo. Umahluko phakathi kwe-IAS kunye ne-CAS uhlala uncinci.
5. Izantya ze-V (Izantya eziBalulekileyo zokusebenza)
Izantya ze-V zichaza imida yokusebenza ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yeenqwelo-moya. I-V1 sisantya sokugqiba ngokusuka. I-VR ibonisa isantya sokujikeleza sokusuka. I-Vref sisantya sokubhekisa ekufikeni. Ezi zantya ziqinisekisa ukuhamba okukhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenza kokufika.
Ukulinganisa nokubala isantya senqwelomoya
Ukulinganisa isantya senqwelo-moya kubandakanya izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nokubala okuchanekileyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baxhomekeke kwezi zilinganiso ukuze benze izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zokubhabha. Ukuqonda iinkqubo zokulinganisa isantya kubalulekile kwimisebenzi ekhuselekileyo.
Izixhobo eziphambili kunye neenkqubo zokulinganisa isantya senqwelo-moya:
- Ityhubhu yePitot ibamba uxinzelelo lomoya olutshintshayo
- Iiports eziqinileyo zilinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya olujikeleze umhlaba
- Isalathisi sesantya somoya sibonisa ukufundwa kwesantya
- Ikhompyutha yedatha yomoya yenza izibalo ezizenzekelayo
- Inkqubo yolawulo lweenqwelo-moya idibanisa idatha yesantya
- I-GPS inika ulwazi ngesantya somhlaba
Izalathi zesantya somoya thelekisa uxinzelelo olutshintshayo oluvela kwityhubhu yepitot ngokuchasene noxinzelelo olungashukumiyo. Olu mahluko woxinzelelo luvelisa ukufundwa kwesantya somoya esibonisiweyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka basebenzise izilungiso zokutshintsha kokuphakama kunye nobushushu. Isiphumo kukubalwa kwesantya somoya esichanekileyo ngakumbi.
Isantya somhlaba sibangela iziphumo zomoya ekuhambeni kweenqwelo moya. Sidibanisa isantya somoya sokwenyani kunye nesantya somoya kunye necala oya kulo. Iikhompyutha zedatha yomoya zanamhlanje zibala isantya somhlaba ngokuzenzekelayo. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekuqhubekeni nasekucwangciseni amafutha. Iinkqubo zeGPS zibonelela ngokufundwa kwesantya somhlaba okuchanekileyo kakhulu kubasebenzi beenqwelo moya.
Iirekhodi zesantya seenqwelomoya kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo
Imbali yezophapho igcwele iirekhodi zesantya esimangalisayo kunye neziganeko eziye zatyhala imida yoko bekucingelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka. Ezi mpumezo azibonisi nje ubuchule bomntu kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwethekhnoloji kodwa zikwanosetyenziso olusebenzayo ekuphuculeni uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwenqwelomoya.
Enye yezona rekhodi zesantya esibonakalayo sisithintelo sesandi, esaphulwa kuqala Chuck Yeager ngo-1947 ekhwele iBell X-1. Esi siganeko sibalulekileyo sahlahl’ indlela yokubhabha ngesantya esiphezulu saza sakhokelela kuphuhliso lweenqwelo-moya ezikhawulezayo nezisebenza kakuhle ngakumbi. Iphulo lokufuna isantya liqhubekile nokwaziswa kweConcorde, nethe yabeka irekhodi lenqwelomoya enqumla iAtlantiki ekhawulezayo yinqwelomoya yorhwebo.
Iinqwelomoya zomkhosi zikwabone impumelelo ebalulekileyo kwisantya, kunye ne-Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird ebambe irekhodi yeyona nqwelo-moya ikhawulezayo ukuphefumla emoyeni. Ezi ziganeko zibalulekileyo azikho kwiincwadi zerekhodi kuphela; baqhubela phambili ukuqhubela phambili kwethekhinoloji ehlayo ukuya kurhwebo kunye neenqwelomoya ngokubanzi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko.
Indlela Isantya Senqwelo-moya Esiyichaphazela Ngayo Ukhuseleko Lweenqwelo-moya
Isantya senqwelo-moya sichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lokubhabha ngeendlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ulawulo lwesantya luxanduva oluphambili lomqhubi kuyo yonke inqwelo-moya. Isantya esiphezulu nesinganeleyo zenza iingozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bagcine isantya esifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo.
1. Ukuthintela iSitali
Isantya se-stall simele isantya esincinci esifunekayo ukugcina ukuphakanyiswa. Ukubhabha ngaphantsi kwesantya se-stall kubangela ukwahlukana komoya phezu kwamaphiko. Oku kubangela ukulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza kokuphakanyiswa kunye nokulahlekelwa lulawulo. I-stall iyingozi kakhulu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezisezantsi ngexesha lokusuka nokufika. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bagcine imida yesantya eyaneleyo ngaphezu kwesantya se-stall. Ukubuyiselwa kwi-stall kufuna ukufakwa kolawulo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo.
2. Imfezeko yoLwakhiwo
Ukudlula isantya esiphezulu sokusebenza kudala imithwalo emininzi ye-aerodynamic kwifreyimu yomoya. Le mithwalo inokubangela umonakalo kwisakhiwo okanye ukusilela okukhulu. Inqwelo-moya nganye inesantya esingafanele sidlule esingafanele siphulwe. Isantya esiphezulu sikwanyusa amandla olawulo kwaye sinciphise ukuhamba. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahloniphe imiqathango yesantya epapashwe kwiincwadi zesikhokelo zokusebenza kweenqwelo-moya.
3. Ukuphepha Ukungqubana
Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwesantya lubalulekile ekugcineni ukwahlukana okukhuselekileyo nezinye iinqwelomoya. Ulawulo lwendlela yomoya lunika isantya sokulandelelanisa isithuthi ngokufanelekileyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka balandele isantya esimiselweyo ukuze baphephe ukungqubana. Isantya esigqithisileyo sinciphisa ixesha lokuphendula xa kuthintelwa ukungqubana kwezithuthi. Ulawulo lwesantya oluqhubekayo lunceda ukugcina iindlela zokubhabha eziqikelelweyo.
4. Ulawulo oluSebenzayo
Imiphezulu yolawulo lweenqwelo moya isebenza kakuhle kakhulu ngaphakathi kwemigangatho ethile yesantya. Isantya esiphantsi kakhulu sinciphisa igunya lolawulo kunye nokuphendula. Isantya esiphezulu kakhulu sinokubangela ukushukuma komphezulu wolawulo okanye ukuguquka. Isantya esifanelekileyo siqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bagcina amandla okulawula ngokupheleleyo. Imida yeenqwelwana zokubhabha ichaza imiqolo yesantya sokusebenza esikhuselekileyo.
5. Ukhuseleko lokufika
Isantya sokufika kunye nesokufika sibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuthintelwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Isantya sokufika esigqithisileyo senza umgama wokuma ube mkhulu kakhulu. Isantya esinganelanga sibeka emngciphekweni wokuma ngexesha lokugqibela. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwesantya luqinisekisa ukufika okukhuselekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko.
Isantya senqwelomoya: Izixhobo eziBalulekileyo kunye neeNgcebiso zabaqhubi beenqwelomoya
Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya basebenzisa izixhobo kunye neendlela ezikhethekileyo ukulawula isantya seenqwelo moya ngokufanelekileyo. Ii-cockpits zanamhlanje zibonelela ngezixhobo ezininzi zokujonga isantya ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulawula. Ukuqonda ezi zixhobo kubalulekile kwimisebenzi yobuchwephesha yokubhabha. Ulawulo lwesantya olusebenzayo lwahlula abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanobuchule kwabaqhelekileyo.
1. Izixhobo zesantya esiphambili
Isalathisi sesantya somoya sisixhobo esiphambili sokubhekisa kwisantya. Sibonisa isantya somoya esibonisiweyo ngqo kwiskena somqhubi. Iimitha zeMach zibalulekile kwimisebenzi yejethi ephakamileyo. Izibonisi zeglasi zanamhlanje zidibanisa lonke ulwazi lwesantya. Ukufundwa kwedijithali kubonelela ngedatha yesantya echanekileyo. Izixhobo zokugcina idatha ziqinisekisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle xa inkqubo yokuqala ingasebenzi kakuhle.
2. Iikhompyutha zeDatha yoMoya
Iikhompyutha zedatha yomoya zibala ngokuzenzekelayo i-True Airspeed kunye ne-Ground Speed. Ezi nkqubo zijongana nokutshintsha kokuphakama kunye nobushushu. Iinkqubo zolawulo lweenqwelomoya zisebenzisa idatha yesantya ekubaleni ukuhambahamba. Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zinciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi womqhubi ngexesha lemisebenzi enzima. Iikhompyutha zibonelela ngolwazi lwendlela yesantya ngexesha langempela.
3. Iitshathi Zokusebenza kunye neDatha Yereferensi
Iitshati zokusebenza kweenqwelo moya zibonelela ngolwazi lwesantya kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka babhekisele kwiitshati zokutshintsha kobunzima kunye nobushushu. Utshintsho loqwalaselo lufuna iithagethi zesantya ezahlukeneyo. Iitshati zibonisa isantya esifanelekileyo sokusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli. Ukuqonda idatha yokusebenza kuphucula amandla okwenza izigqibo.
4. Ukuhlala Uhamba Phambili Kwinqwelo-moya
Ukulindela utshintsho lwesantya kubalulekile ukuze imisebenzi ihambe kakuhle. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka balungiselele utshintsho oluzayo lwesigaba sokubhabha. Ukuceba kwangaphambili kunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi ngexesha leenxalenye ezibalulekileyo zokubhabha. Ukulindela isantya esifanelekileyo kuthintela izenzo ezikhawulezileyo okanye ezingalunganga. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abalungileyo bahlala becinga ngamanyathelo aliqela phambili.
5. Uqeqesho oluqhubekayo kunye nobuchule
Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo nomdlalo wokulinganisa kuqinisa izakhono zokulawula isantya. Uqeqesho oluqhubekayo lugcina abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya benolwazi ngeenkqubo. Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezingaqhelekanga kwakha ukuzithemba kunye nobuchule. Uphononongo lweenqwelo-moya luchonga iindawo ezifuna ukuphuculwa. Ubuchule bokulawula isantya bukhula ngokuziqhelanisa rhoqo.
UQeqesho kunye nezifundo zabaqhubi beenqwelomoya ngesantya senqwelomoya
Imfundo eqhubekayo igcina abaqhubi beenqwelo moya benolwazi kwiindlela zokulawula isantya. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoqeqesho ziyafumaneka ukusuka kumanqanaba asisiseko ukuya kwaphezulu. La mathuba emfundo aphucula ukuqonda kwaye alola izakhono ezisebenzayo.
Iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezikhoyo zolawulo lwesantya seenqwelo-moya:
- Iikhosi zokuqala zesikolo samabanga aphantsi sovavanyo lwabucala
- Ithiyori yesantya esiphezulu somqhubi wenqwelomoya yorhwebo
- Uhlobo oluthile loqeqesho lwesantya senqwelo-moya
- Iiworkshops ze-aerodynamics ezikhawulezayo
- Iinkqubo ezinxulumene nesantya sexesha likaxakeka
- Iimeko zolawulo lwesantya ezisekelwe kwiSimulator
- Uvavanyo loqeqesho oluqhubekayo kunye nobuchule
Uqeqesho lokuqala lomqhubi wenqwelo moya lugubungela ngokupheleleyo iingcamango ezisisiseko zesantya senqwelo moya. Abafundi bafunda ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesantya kunye neendlela zokulinganisa. Isikolo samabanga aphantsi sigxininisa ukubaluleka kwesantya kwimisebenzi yokubhabha. Uqeqesho olusisiseko luseka isiseko sokufunda okuphambili.
Izifundo eziphambili zihlola i-aerodynamics yesantya esiphezulu kunye nemisebenzi yokubhabha edlulayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bafunda ukusebenza kufutshane nesantya sesandi ngokukhuselekileyo. Iinkqubo zengxakeko ezinxulumene nesantya zifumana ukugubungela okuninzi. Ii-simulators zibonelela ngeemeko zokuziqhelanisa ezinokwenzeka ngaphandle kweengozi zokwenyani zokubhabha. Ezi nkqubo zigqibelela kwiindlela zokulawula isantya kwiindawo ezilawulwayo.
isiphelo
Isantya senqwelo-moya sisisiseko semisebenzi yokubhabha ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo. Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesantya kwenza abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi kuyo yonke inqanaba lokubhabha. Isantya senqwelo-moya esibonisiweyo, isantya senqwelo-moya sokwenyani, isantya somhlaba, kunye nesantya se-V nganye isebenza ngeenjongo ezibalulekileyo. Ukuqonda ezi ngcamango kubalulekile kubo bonke abaqeqeshi beenqwelo-moya.
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwesantya lufuna uqeqesho oluqhubekayo kunye namava asebenzayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlale benolwazi ngeempawu zokusebenza kweenqwelo-moya kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza. Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo kwiimodeli kunye nokubhabha kwakha ubuchule. Ukuqonda isantya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lokubhabha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ubunzima besantya senqwelo-moya bufuna intlonipho nengqalelo evela kumqhubi ngamnye wenqwelo-moya. Ulawulo lwesantya olufanelekileyo luthintela iingozi kwaye luqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Nokuba kubhabha iinqwelo-moya ezincinci zoqeqesho okanye iijethi ezinkulu zorhwebo, ulwazi lwesantya luhlala lubalulekile. Ukufunda okuqhubekayo kugcina abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya belungele nayiphi na imeko abanokudibana nayo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga nesantya seenqwelo-moya
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Indicated Airspeed kunye ne-True Airspeed?
I-Airspeed ebonisiweyo sisantya esiboniswa kwisalathisi sesantya somoya se-cockpit. Ilinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya olutshintshayo ngaphandle kokuphakama okanye ukulungiswa kobushushu. I-Airspeed yokwenyani sisantya sokwenyani senqwelo-moya ngobunzima bomoya. I-TAS ichaza ukuphakama kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu okuchaphazela uxinano lomoya. Njengoko ukuphakama kusanda, i-TAS iba phezulu kakhulu kune-IAS ngenxa yomoya omncinci.
Kutheni abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bazi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesantya seenqwelo-moya?
Uhlobo ngalunye lwesantya lusebenza injongo ethile ngexesha lokusebenza kweenqwelo moya. Isantya somoya esibonisiweyo sisetyenziselwa ulawulo lweenqwelo moya kunye nemida yokusebenza. Isantya somoya sokwenyani sibalulekile ekuqhubekeni nasekucwangcisweni kokubhabha ngokuchanekileyo. Isantya somhlaba simisela ixesha lokuhamba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli. Isantya se-V sichaza imida ebalulekileyo yokusebenza ukuze kuthathwe kwaye kuhlalwe ngokukhuselekileyo.
Zithini ii-V-speeds kwaye kutheni zibalulekile?
Izantya ze-V zizantya zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo ezisemgangathweni kwimisebenzi yeenqwelo-moya. I-V1 sisantya sokwenza isigqibo sokusuka apho abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bazibophelela khona ekubhabheni. I-VR ibonisa isantya sokujikeleza sokuphakamisa impumlo ngexesha lokusuka. I-V2 imele isantya sokhuseleko lokusuka apho injini enye ingasebenzi. Ezi zantya ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo ngexesha lezigaba ezibalulekileyo zokubhabha.
Ukuphakama kwentaba kuchaphazela njani isantya seenqwelo-moya?
Ukuphakama kuchaphazela kakhulu ubudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesantya. Isantya somoya esibonisiweyo sihlala singaguquguquki kodwa isantya somoya sokwenyani siyanda xa ukuphakama. Umoya omncinci xa ukuphakama kuphezulu unciphisa ukutsala kwaye uphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Iinqwelomoya zinokubhabha ngokukhawuleza xa ukuphakama kunamandla afanayo enjini. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka baqonde olu lwalamano ukuze balawule isantya ngokufanelekileyo.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umqhubi wenqwelo moya udlula isantya esiphezulu sokusebenza?
Ukudlula isantya esiphezulu sokusebenza kudala imithwalo eyingozi ye-aerodynamic kwifreyimu yomoya. Umonakalo wesakhiwo okanye ukungaphumeleli okukhulu kunokubangelwa kuxinzelelo olugqithisileyo. Iindawo zokulawula zinokuba nokushukuma okanye ukusebenza okunciphileyo. Inqwelo-moya inokuba nzima okanye ingenzeki ukuyilawula ngokukhuselekileyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka basoloko behlonipha imiqathango yesantya epapashweyo.
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