Ubuchule bolawulo lokubhabha bubalulekile kuye wonke umqhubi wenqwelomoya, ukusuka kubafundi ukuya kwiingcali ezinamava. Ezi zixhobo kunye neendlela zezona zixhobo ziphambili ezivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba balathise indlela inqwelo-moya eshukuma ngayo, baqinisekise ukunduluka ngokukhuselekileyo, ukuhamba ngohambo olutyibilikayo, kunye nokuma okuchanekileyo.
Ulawulo lwenqwelomoya lubandakanya idyokhwe okanye intonga, iipedali zokujika, i-throttle, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezilungelelanisa icala lenqwelomoya, isimo sengqondo kunye nokuphakama kwayo. Nkqu iinqwelo-moya zixhomekeke kulawulo olusisiseko, kodwa iinqwelo-moya ezikumgangatho ophezulu zibonelela ngeenkqubo eziphucuke ngakumbi ukuze zilungelelaniswe kakuhle.
Umyalelo oqinileyo wolu lawulo-kunye nemigangatho abayilawulayo-yinto eyahlula umqhubi wenqwelomoya ophumeleleyo kumntu oqalayo. Ngobuchule bokulawula inqwelo-moya, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuqinisekisa ukubhabha okukhuselekileyo, okusebenzayo nokuzithemba kuyo nayiphi na imeko.
Yintoni Izilawuli zeFlight?
Ulawulo lwenqwelomoya ziinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezivumela abaqhubi ukuba balawule inqwelomoya, beyikhokela kwisigaba ngasinye sokubhabha-ukusuka. ukunduluka ukuya kwindawo. Ezi nkqubo zenziwe ngobunono ukuze zisebenzise amandla efiziksi, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.
Emva kwayo yonke isethi yolawulo lwenqwelomoya kukho iqela leengcaphephe. Iinjineli ze-Aeronautical, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, oomatshini, kunye nabacwangcisi bekhompyutha basebenza kunye ukuyila, ukucokisa nokuvavanya ezi nkqubo. Injongo yabo kukudala ulawulo olungasebenziyo nje kuphela kodwa olunengqiqo noluthembekileyo.
Kwaneyona nqwelo-moya yakudala yayixhomekeke kulawulo olusisiseko lokubhabha ukuze ifumane ukunyuswa nokuhamba. Ngelixa ezi nkqubo zazilula, zavula indlela yobuchwepheshe obuphambili esibubonayo namhlanje.
Iinqwelomoya zale mihla zinolawulo oluphucukileyo lokubhabha, kubandakanya iihydraulics, i-automation, kunye nefiber optics. Abaninzi bayayisebenzisa Iinkqubo “zokubhabha ngocingo”, apho iikhompyutha zitolika amagalelo okulinga kwaye zilungelelanise ulawulo ngokufanelekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezinjengokuphucuka kobuchule, ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo, kunye noxilongo olulula, nangona zihlala zibiza kakhulu kunolawulo lwemveli koomatshini.
Ukuntsokotha kolawulo lwenqwelomoya kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqwelomoya. Inqwelomoya encinci yezemidlalo, umzekelo, iya kuba nolawulo olulula, olulula olulungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa lula. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ijethi yokulwa yasemkhosini ifuna iinkqubo eziphezulu kakhulu zokujongana neemfuno zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo.
Iinqwelomoya zabakhweli zibamba ulungelelwaniso, zigxile ekunciphiseni ubunzima bokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha ngelixa zigcina ulawulo olululo. Ngaphandle kwalo mahluko, eyona njongo yolawulo lwenqwelo-moya ihlala ifana: ukunika abaqhubi izixhobo abazidingayo ukuze bahambe esibhakabhakeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.
Imigaqo-siseko yoLawulo ngokubanzi
Embindini wabo, ulawulo lokubhabha luyilelwe ukulawula iintshukumo ezintathu ezisisiseko: ukuma, roll, yaye yamla. Le ntshukumo ivumela abaqhubi benqwelo-moya ukuba balawule isimo sengqondo nesalathiso senqwelo-moya, beqinisekisa ukuba ibhabha ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nenempumelelo.
- Pitch: Ukulawulwa sisinyusi, inothi igqiba ukuba impumlo yenqwelo-moya ijongise phezulu okanye ezantsi.
- Roll: Ilawulwa yi amaphiko, umqulu ulawula ukuthambeka kwenqwelo-moya ekhohlo okanye ekunene.
- Molo: Uhlengahlengiso lomphini, i-yaw imisela icala lenqwelomoya ukuya ngasekhohlo okanye ngasekunene.
Le migaqo isebenza kuzo zonke iinqwelo-moya, ukusuka kwiinqwelo-moya ezincinci ukuya kwiijethi ezinkulu zorhwebo. Ngelixa ukuntsokotha kolawulo lwenqwelomoya kusenokwahluka, ubuchwephesha obusisiseko buhlala bufana.
Ukongeza kolu lawulo luphambili, iinqwelomoya ezininzi zibonakalisa iinkqubo zesibini ezifana neeflaphu, ii-slats, kunye nabaphangi. Oku kuphucula ukusebenza ngexesha lezigaba ezithile zenqwelomoya, njengokumka, ukuhla, okanye ukuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu.
Ukuqonda le migaqo ngokubanzi kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, njengoko benza isiseko sokusebenza kweenqwelo-moya ezikhuselekileyo nezisebenzayo. Nokuba ubhabha inqwelomoya yomqeqeshi okanye ijethi yesimanje, ukulawula ulawulo lwenqwelomoya ngundoqo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya onobuchule.
Izilawuli zeFlight eziphambili
Olona lawulo luphambili lwenqwelo moya zezona zisistim ezibalulekileyo ezilawula intshukumo yayo ecaleni kwamazembe amathathu: i-pitch, roll, and yaw. Ezi zilawuli-ii-ailerons, i-elevator, kunye ne-rudder-zisebenza kunye ukulawula ukuhamba komoya kunye noxinzelelo lomoya ojikeleze inqwelomoya, echaphazela zombini ukuphakama kunye nokudonsa.
Iifayile
Ii-ailerons zilawula ukuqengqeleka kwenqwelomoya, okanye ukuthambeka kwayo ngasekhohlo okanye ngasekunene. Efakwe emaphethelweni amaphiko, asebenza ngokuchasene: xa enye i-aileron iphakama, enye iyancipha. Oku kudala ukunyuswa okungafaniyo, okuvumela inqwelomoya ukuba ibhankine kwaye ijike kakuhle.
Elevator
I-elevator ilawula i-pitch yenqwelo-moya, emisela ukuba impumlo ijonge phezulu okanye ezantsi. Ifumaneka kwi-horizontal stabilizer emsileni, i-elevator ilungisa i-angle yokuhlaselwa, inceda inqwelomoya ukuba inyuke, yehle, okanye igcine inqanaba lokubhabha.
Isilawuli
Umphini ulawula ukuzamla kwenqwelo-moya, okanye ukushukuma kwayo ecaleni. Uxhomekeke kwisizinzisi esithe nkqo, iphini lokujika liqhutywa ngeepedali ezinyaweni zomqhubi. Inceda ukugcina uzinzo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokujika okanye ukuwela i-crosswind landings.
Kunye, olu lawulo luphambili lokubhabha lwenza isiseko sokuhamba kwenqwelomoya. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchule babo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuqinisekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo nolukhuselekileyo kuwo onke amanqanaba okubhabha.
Ulawulo lweFlight yesibini
Ngelixa ulawulo lwenqwelomoya oluphambili lubalulekile kubuchule bokuhamba kwenqwelomoya, ulawulo lwenqwelomoya lwesibini luphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ezi nkqubo aziyomfuneko ngokungqongqo xa inqwelomoya induluka, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, okanye ukuhlala, kodwa iphucula ubuchule benqwelo-moya.
Ulawulo lwesibini lwaziswa emva kokuba oovulindlela beenqwelomoya bangaphambili bebonakalise ukuba nokwenzeka kokubhabha okunamandla. Namhlanje, ziyinto eqhelekileyo kwinkoliso yeenqwelo-moya, zinceda abaqhubi baphucule indlela abaqhuba ngayo kumanqanaba awahlukeneyo ohambo.
I Flaps
Iiflephu zibalulekile ngexesha lokunduluka kunye nokuhla. Ngokusuka emaphikweni, banyusa isantya ngesantya esisezantsi, nto leyo evumela ukuba kukhuseleke kwaye kulawuleke ukusebenza.
Izixhobo ezikhokelayo zoMda
Ezi ziquka ii-slats, iiflephu, kunye ne-cuffs ezincanyathiselwe kwicala eliphambili lephiko. Banciphisa i-angle yephiko lokuhlasela, ukulibazisa ukuqala kwezitali kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko ngexesha lokuhamba ngesantya esiphantsi.
Abaphangi
Abaphangi banciphisa ukunyuswa kunye nokunyusa ukutsalwa, ukunceda inqwelomoya yehle kwaye ihlehlise ngokufanelekileyo. Ziluncedo ngakumbi ngexesha lokuhla kunye nohlengahlengiso olukhawulezayo lokubhabha.
Sika iiNkqubo
Iinkqubo zokunquma zivumela abaqhubi ukuba bagcine ukuphakama ngaphandle kohlengahlengiso oluqhubekayo lwezandla. Ngokuhlengahlengisa ulungelelwaniso lwenqwelo-moya, banciphisa umsebenzi womqhubi wenqwelo-moya baze baphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.
Izikolo ngenqwelomoya ziyahluka kwindlela ezizisa ngayo ulawulo lwenqwelomoya lwesibini. Abanye abahlohli balinda de abafundi bakhululeke kulawulo oluphambili, ngelixa abanye befundisa zombini iinkqubo ngaxeshanye. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, ukulawula olu lawulo ngundoqo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya onesakhono nosebenzayo.
Indima yobuChwepheshe kuLawulo lweeFlight zale mihla
Inkqubela kwezobugcisa iye yaziguqula iindlela zokulawula inqwelo-moya, izenza zichane ngakumbi, zisebenze kakuhle kwaye zithembeke. Ukusuka kwiinkqubo zoomatshini ukuya kubuchwephesha bokubhabha ngocingo, olu tshintsho luye lwayiguqula indlela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abadibana ngayo nenqwelomoya yabo.
Fly-by-Wire Systems
Iinkqubo zeFly-by-wire zithatha indawo yokunxibelelana koomatshini besiqhelo kunye nojongano lwe-elektroniki. Izimvo zomqhubi wenqwelomoya zithunyelwa kwiikhompyutha, ezithi ke zilungise imiphezulu yolawulo. Le teknoloji iphucula ukuchaneka, inciphisa ubunzima, kwaye iphucula ukhuseleko ngokubonelela ngengxelo yexesha langempela kunye nezilungiso ezizenzekelayo.
Ukuzenzekela kunye nokudibanisa
Iinqwelo-moya zale mihla zidla ngokuba neenkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ezidibanisa iindlela zokulawula inqwelo-moya nezixhobo zokuhamba, unxibelelwano nezixhobo zokubeka iliso. Oku kudityaniswa kuvumela imisebenzi egudileyo, ukunciphisa umthwalo wokulinga, kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lwemeko.
Iindlela zexesha elizayo
Ubugcisa obuvelayo, obufana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nemathiriyeli ephucukileyo, zithembisa ukomeleza ngakumbi ulawulo lokubhabha. Olu tshintsho lunokukhokelela ekusebenzeni ngakumbi, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuguquguquka kwiminyaka ezayo.
isiphelo
Ukuqonda indlela yokulawula inqwelomoya—ezokuqala nezizisekondari—kubalulekile kuye wonke umqhubi wenqwelo-moya. Ezi nkqubo zisisiseko senqwelomoya ekhuselekileyo nenempumelelo, eyenza ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwindlela inqwelo-moya ehamba ngayo nokusebenza kwayo.
Ukusukela kwimigaqo esisiseko yepitch, roll, and yaw ukuya kubuchwepheshe obuphambili be-fly-by-wire systems, ulawulo lwenqwelomoya luye lwavela kakhulu ekuhambeni kweminyaka. Ngokuzazi kakuhle ezi nkqubo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuqinisekisa ukunduluka ngendlela ekhuselekileyo, ukuhamba ngohambo olutyibilikayo, kunye nokumisa kwindawo echanekileyo.
Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, ikamva lolawulo lwenqwelomoya likhangeleka liqaqambile kunangaphambili. Nokuba ungumfundi wenqwelomoya okanye inqwelomoya enamava, ukuhlala unolwazi kwaye unesakhono kwezi nkqubo ngundoqo ekuhambeni esibhakabhakeni ngokuzithemba nangobuchule.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokwenza uguqulo lwelayisensi yokulinga yangaphandle ngamanyathelo ama-4.
