ⓘ TL;DR
- Nzira dzeVictor inzira dzeIFR dzakadzika dzakavakirwa pazviteshi zveVOR, dzinoshanda kubva pamamita 1,200 AGL kusvika pamamita 18,000 MSL.
- Vanoisa chimiro munzvimbo yemuchadenga nekutsanangura nzira dzinofungidzirwa dzinogona kupatsanurwa nekuchengetedzwa neATC kubva panzvimbo.
- Nzira dzeVictor dzinoshandisa nzira dzekufamba dziri pasi, zvichiita kuti dzikwanise kushandiswa nendege dzisina GPS uye dzakavimbika panguva yekudzimwa kweRNAV.
- Nzira dzeT dzinopa nzira dzakananga dzinoshandisa GPS, asi nzira dzeVictor dzinoramba dziri idzo dzinoshandiswa neIFR pakuronga ndege.
- Kuziva shanduko dzenzira yeVictor, kuzivikanwa kweVOR, uye geometry yenzira yemhepo kunoita kuti pave nekusashanda kwemutyairi weIFR.
Zviri Mukati
Mutyairi wega wega wezvishandiso anozosvika panguva iyo IFR clearance iri pakakwirira yakaderera inoita kunge yakarongwa nenhamba. Chakavanzika ndechekuti tambo idzodzo dzinotevera pfungwa yekare kupfuura GPS pachayo. Nzira dzeVictor ndiyo nzira dzekutanga dzeNational Airspace System dziri pakakwirira yakaderera, dzakavakirwa panetwork yezviteshi zveVOR zvichiri kutsigira zvishandiso zvekubhururuka nendege.
Vatyairi vazhinji vanoona nzira dzeVictor senzira yekuisa mafaira vasinganzwisise kuti nei dziripo kana kuti padzinova sarudzo isiriyo. Musiyano iwoyo unokosha nekuti nzira yeVictor inotenderera pakati peVORs inowedzera kuomarara uko kunobviswa neimwe nzira yeRNAV yemazuva ano. Musiyano uripo pakati pemutyairi weIFR akanaka neakanaka ndekuziva nguva yekushandisa sisitimu yekare uye nguva yekuipfuura.
Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura marongerwo akaita nzira dzeVictor, maitiro ekuisa mafaira nekufambisa ndege, uye kuti dzinokundikana papi kana tichienzanisa neT-routes uye direct GPS routing. Pakupedzisira, uchaziva nguva chaiyo yekuvimba neVictor airway uye nguva yekukumbira chimwe chinhu chiri nani.
Chii Chinoita Kuti Nzira yeVictor ive Nzira yeVictor
Nzira yeVictor inzira yeIFR inofambiswa nemhepo ine kukwirira kwakaderera inotsanangurwa nezvikamu zvakananga zvinobatanidza zviteshi zveVOR kana nzvimbo dzakaburitswa dzeVOR. 'V' inobva muarufabheti yefonetiki yeICAO, apo Victor anomirira bhii V, zvichiratidza izvi senzira huru yekufamba netsoka ine kukwirira kwakaderera mu National Airspace System.
Nzira idzi dzemhepo dzinoshanda kubva pamamita 1,200 AGL kusvika pamamita 18,000 MSL, inova denga rekushanda kweIFR kwakaderera. Pamusoro pezvo, chimiro chinoshanduka kuenda kunzira dzeJet, dzinoshandisa geometry yakafanana neVOR asi pakukwirira kwakakwirira uye nepakati penzvimbo dzakakura pakati pekugadzirisa.
Musiyano uyu unokosha nekuti mutyairi wendege ari kuchinja kubva pakakwirira kuenda pakadzika anofanira kuchinja marudzi enzira zvachose, nhamba imwe chete yemhepo haipfuuri.
Vatyairi vazhinji vanodzidza nzira dzeVictor senzira yekuverenga chati panguva yekudzidzira zvishandiso uye havambodzokorori kufunga kwadzo. Nzira idzi hadzisi dzemhando yepamusoro. Dzinotevera nzira dzinoshandiswa nemaVOR transmitters ari pasi, zvinoreva kuti kuwanikwa kwenzira kunoenderana nekuti ndeapi machiteshi ari kushanda uye kana masaini avo asvika pakakwirira panodiwa.
Nzira yeVictor iripo nhasi inogona kunyangarika mangwana kana VOR ikasashanda, sezvo FAA ichienderera mberi nekuchinja kwayo kuenda ku Nzvimbo yekufambisa zvinhu inoenderana neGPS.
Kunzwisisa chimiro ichi kunochinja marongero anoita mutyairi wendege. Kuisa V123 hakusi kungosarudza mutsetse pachati chete, asi kuzvipira kune imwe nzvimbo yekufamba-famba iri pasi ine zvirambidzo zvechiratidzo zvinozivikanwa uye zvirambidzo zvenzvimbo. Mutyairi wendege anoziva chikonzero nei nzira iripo anoifambisa neruzivo rwakawanda kupfuura mutyairi wendege anoziva chete kwainodhirowa.
Maitiro Anoita Victor Routes Airspace
Pfungwa isiriyo inowanzo zivikanwa nezvenzira dzeVictor ndeyekuti dziripo kuti dzitungamirire vatyairi vendege kubva panzvimbo A kusvika panzvimbo B. Muchokwadi, chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechekuisa runyararo munzvimbo dzakadzika. airpace, kuparadzanisa traffic yeIFR kubva kuVFR traffic, nzvimbo, uye nyonganyonga yekufamba kusina kurongeka. Uku ndiko kufamba chimiro chenzira yekufambisa yakajairika izvo zvinoita kuti hurongwa hwese huve hunofanotaurwa.
Nzira yega yega yeVictor iri pachati yekupinda mundege yakaderera inenge yakatogadzirwa kare. Kana mutyairi wendege akanyorera V123, ATC inonyatsoziva kuti ndege iyoyo ichavepi, kuti iri papi, uye kuti iri pedyo. Upamhi hwenzira hunobvisa zvipingamupinyi. Mutsetse wepakati unochengetedza traffic yakaparadzaniswa nendege dzinoenda kune imwe nzira dziri panzira imwe chete. Hapana kufungidzira.
Kufanotaura uku ndiko kunoita kuti vanodzora ndege vaunganidze ndege dzakawanda munzira imwe chete pakukwirira kwakasiyana. Pasina nzira dzeVictor, ndege yega yega yeIFR yaizoda ongororo yenzvimbo uye traffic. Nadzo, system inokura.
Chinhu chinochinja ndechekuti nzira dzeVictor dzakaoma. Dzinotevera maitiro eVOR, kwete nzira inoshanda pakati pemaguta maviri. Mutyairi wendege ari kubhururuka kubva panhandare yendege kuenda kunzvimbo iri pakati pemaVOR maviri anogona kuona nzira yacho ichikombama pachiteshi pane kuyambuka zvakananga. Ndiyo mari yekuvaka.
Kunzwisisa kutengeserana uku ndiko kunosiyanisa vatyairi vendege vanoona nzira dzeVictor sechipingamupinyi kubva kune vanodzishandisa sechishandiso. Nzira haisi muganho. Muganho wekusaziva kuti chimiro chacho chinokushandira riini uye kuti chinoshanda riini.
Kuisa Nzira yaVictor muPurogiramu Yenyu Yendege
Kuisa nzira yeVictor hakusi kudhirowa mitsara pachati. Kunoreva kushandura chimiro chezviteshi zveVOR kuita tambo yenzira iyo ATC inonzwisisa uye inogona kukubvumidza kubhururuka. Vatyairi vazhinji vanodarika danho rekuona kuti nzira yavakasarudza inobatanidza nzvimbo yekubva nekwainoenda pasina mukaha mukuvhara.
Step 1. Sarudza nzvimbo dzendege dzauchabva nedzauchaenda. Nyora pasi senzvimbo dzinoratidza kuti ICAO identifiers, KAPA kuenda kuKASE, kwete APA kuenda kuASE chete. Izvi zvinokumanikidza kuti utarise chati chaiyo pane kufungidzira nzira.
Step 2. Vhura chati yemugwagwa uri pakakwirira uye tarisa nzira yekuenda kuVictor inobatanidza nhandare mbiri dzendege. Tsvaga nzira yekuenda kuVictor inopfuura nepakati kana pedyo nenzvimbo mbiri idzi. Kana pasina nzira imwe chete yekuenda kunovabatanidza, unoda nzira inobatanidza nzira dzakawanda dzekuenda kumhepo kuburikidza neVOR kana nharaunda.
Step 3. Cherechedza magadzirisirwo ekupinda nekubuda. Aya ndiwo maVOR stations kana nzvimbo dzakanyorwa mazita kwaunopinda wobva wasiya chikamu chega chega chenzira yekufema. Nyora zvichitevedzana. Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika ndechekunyora VOR isiriyo panzira yekufema yauri kuda kubhururuka nayo.
Step 4. Isa nzira munzvimbo yerwendo rwenyu rwendege uchishandisa fomati yakajairwa: V123 kubva pakugadzirisa kusvika pakugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, isa "KAPA V123 DVV V456 KASE" kuratidza nzira dzemhepo chaidzo nenzvimbo dzekuchinja. FAA inopa mirairo yakadzama yekuisa faira mu Bhuku reMashoko eAeronautical.
Step 5. Gamuchira gwara rako rekupinda uye bhururutsa mutsetse wepakati penzira yemhepo. Chengetedza kukwirira kwakanyorwa kuti uende kwaunoda. Tarisa VOR receiver kuti usimbise kuti unogara munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yemhepo.
Kupedzisa maitiro aya nemazvo zvinoreva kuti ATC inonyatsoziva kwauchave uri. Kufanotaura ikoko ndiko chinangwa chese cheVictor route system.
Victor Routes vs. T-Routes: Musiyano Chaiwo
Musiyano uripo pakati penzira dzeVictor neT-routes hausi wekukwirira kana zera. Ipfungwa huru yekufamba netsoka, inobva pasi kana kuti inobva muchadenga, uye kupatsanurwa ikoko kunoratidza kuti ndeipi nzira inokubatsira zviri nani pane chero gumbo. Kusarudza zvisirizvo kunowedzera mamaira, basa, kana njodzi.
Kuenzanisa Victor Routes vs T-Routes
Kupatsanurwa kwenzira mbiri huru dzemhepo dzinofamba netsoka dziri pakakwirira pasi dzinoshandiswa mukufambisa ngarava dzemazuva ano.
| Paunhu | Nzira dzaVictor | Nzira dzeT |
|---|---|---|
| Hwaro hwekufamba | Zviteshi zveVOR | GPS / RNAV |
| Nzvimbo yekukwira | 1,200 tsoka AGL kusvika 18,000 tsoka MSL | 1,200 tsoka AGL kusvika 18,000 tsoka MSL |
| Maitiro enzira | Zvikamu pakati peVORs | Yakananga-ku-nzvimbo |
| Upamhi hwekudzivirira zvipingamupinyi | 4 NM primary | 4 NM yepuraimari + 2 NM yechipiri |
| Zvinodiwa midziyo | Mugamuchiri weVOR | RNAV ine chitupa cheGPS / IFR |
Nzira dzeT dzinokunda kana dzichishanda zvakanaka uye zvakananga, asi dzinoda michina yeGPS nemari yedhatabhesi. Nzira dzeVictor dzinokunda kana dzakavimbika uye dziri nyore kusvika, chero ndege ine VOR receiver inoshanda inogona kuibhururutsa, uye chimiro chenzira yekufema chakanyatsorongwa pamachati ekufamba munzira ari pakakwirira zvakaderera. Sarudzo chaiyo inoenderana nepaneru yako uye kwaunoenda.
Nei Vatyairi vendege Vachiri Kubhururuka Nenzira dzeVictor
Kufungidzira kuti GPS yakaita kuti nzira dzeVictor dzisashande hakusi iko kwakarurama. Nzira dzeRNAV dzakananga dzinokurumidza papepa, asi hurongwa hwenyika hwendege hwakavakwa hwakavakirwa panzira dzemhepo dzinobva kuVOR, uye chimiro ichocho hachisi kuzopera. Nzira dzeVictor dzichiri nzira yeIFR iri mudenga rakaderera munyika zhinji, uye vatyairi vendege vasingadziteedzere vari kubhururuka vasina hurongwa hwekuchengetedza.
Ndege dzisina michina yeGPS hadzigone kubhururuka zviri pamutemo nenzira dzeT-routes kana nzira dzeRNAV dzakananga. Kune zviuru zvendege dzendege dzichiri neVOR receiver imwe chete, nzira dzeVictor hadzisi dzekusarudza, ndidzo chete sarudzo. migwagwa mikuru mudenga ipai nzira yakarongwa, inotenderwa neATC isingade mamwe maavionics.
Kunyangwe mumacockpits ane GPS, nzira dzeVictor dzinoshanda senzira huru yekudzoreredza kutadza. Kudzima kweGPS pakati pendege kunosiya mutyairi wendege asina nzira yeRNAV. Network yenzira yeVictor ichiripo, ichiri kurongwa, uye ichiri kutsigirwa neATC. Vatyairi vendege vanoziva nzira yemhepo vanogona kuchinja kuenda kuVOR navigation vasingapotse chero chinhu.
Chikonzero chaicho chinoita kuti nzira dzaVictor dzirambe dziripo chiri nyore kupfuura gakava rezve tekinoroji. Ndivo hwaro hwese chiyero chemidziyo Chidzidzo chinodzidzisa. Vatyairi vendege vatsva veIFR vanodzidza kubhururuka nenzira dzeVictor vasati vadzidza RNAV zvakananga. Nzira iyi yekudzidzira inoita kuti chizvarwa chinotevera chevatyairi vendege chinzwisise hurongwa hwacho, kunyangwe vachibhururuka negirazi remakombiki.
Nzira dzeVictor hadzizonyangarika. Mubvunzo ndewokuti vatyairi vendege vachachengetedza hunyanzvi hwavo here kuti vahushandise kana GPS screen yapera.
Kuchinja Nzira Yekufamba Nayo Pamugwagwa weVictor
Kuchinja kwenzira panzira yeVictor ndiko uko nzira yemhepo inosangana nemafambiro chaiwo ekubhururuka. Kugadziriswa pachako, chiteshi cheVOR kana nzvimbo inomharadzano, ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga. Basa chairo rinoitika mukuchinjana pakati pezvikamu, uye kuchinja ikoko kunoda kutevedzana kwakatarwa kwezviito kuti kuchengetedza kururama kwekufamba uye Kubviswa kweATC.
Ziva mhinduro yekuchinja kosi usati waida
Chigadziro chacho chakanyorwa pachati yekufamba-famba iri pakakwirira sechiratidzo cheVOR kana kuti panosangana chiratidzo chine mavara mashanu. Cherechedza daro kubva panzvimbo yauri uye radial inotsanangura chigadziro chacho. Kuziva izvi pachine nguva kunodzivirira kupopotedzana kunoitika kana tsono yeCDI yapinda pakati zvisingatarisirwi.
Gadzirisa uye ziva VOR inotevera uchiri pachikamu chiripo
Isa frequency yeVOR inotevera munzvimbo yekumirira yeredhiyo nhamba mbiri yekunav. Simbisa kuti Morse code identifier kana kuti voice identifier inoenderana nechati. Danho iri harigone kutaurirana, VOR isina kugadziriswa zvinoreva kuti chikamu chese chenzira hachina kushanda.
Gadza nzira itsva paOBS usati wayambuka kugadzirisa
Dhaira radial inobuda kubva paVOR iripo kana radial inopinda kuenda kuVOR inotevera muOBS. Tsono inofanira kutendeudzirwa kudivi rimwe chete. Kana yave pakati pekugadzirisa, kutendeuka kwagadzirira kushanda pasina kunonoka.
Yambuka kugadzirisa wobva watendeukira kumusoro mutsva
Panguva iyo CDI iri pakati nepakati uye chiratidzo cheTO/FROM chinoshanduka, tanga kutendeuka kuenda kune imwe nzira. Kutendeuka kunofanira kunge kuri standard rate kunze kwekunge ATC yataura zvakasiyana. Usadzingirire tsono, simbisa musoro uye rega tsono iri pakati nenzira yega.
Simbisa kuti wagara muchikamu chitsva
Tsono inofanira kunge iri pakati pemadhigirii mashoma kubva pamusoro mutsva. Kana zvikasadaro, tarisa OBS setting uye VOR identification. Kuramba uchichinja zvinoreva kukanganisa kwekufamba kana kudiwa kwekusimbisa kutenderera kudiki pachikamu ichi, dzimwe shanduko dzenzira dzinoda kugadziriswa kwekukwirira kuti dzirambe dziri munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yemhepo.
Kupedzisa kutevedzana uku zvinoreva kuti kuchinja pakati pezvikamu zvenzira yeVictor hakuonekwi neATC. Mutongi anoona mutyairi wendege anogara pakati, uye kuvimba ikoko kunoshandura kukanganiswa kushoma uye nzvimbo dzakatwasuka dzakananga padanho rinotevera.
Kana Victor Routes Isiri Sarudzo Yakanakisisa
Kuvimbika kwenzira dzeVictor kunouya nemari yakavanzika iyo vatyairi vazhinji vanowana mushure mekunge vanyora gwaro. Nzira inotevera geometry yeVOR inowanzo kotama uye inotenderera pachati, zvichiwedzera mamaira nemaminitsi kundege yaigona kunge yakabhururuka yakatwasuka. Chimiro chinopa mukana wekufanotaura chinoitawo kuti kusashanda zvakanaka.
Pamberi: Mutyairi wendege anoisa V16 kubva pakubva kuenda kwainoenda nekuti ndiyo sarudzo iri pachena pachati yekufamba iri pakakwirira. Nzira yacho inomira pakati pemaVOR matatu, ichiwedzera mamaira makumi matatu egungwa uye inoda shanduko mbiri dzenzira. Mutyairi wendege anononoka kusvika, opisa mafuta akawanda, uye anoshamisika kuti sei nzvimbo yacho yairatidzika kunge yakavhiringika kudaro.
Mushure: Mutyairi wendege mumwe chete ndiye anotarisa pamusoro peT-route kana kukumbira kuti GPS iendeswe zvakananga pakati pemagumo akafanana. Nzira yacho ipfupi, nzvimbo yacho iri nyore, uye nguva yekusvika inogona kufanotaurwa. Mutyairi wendege akachengetedza mafuta uye akaderedza basa nekusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera rwendo, kwete chakajairika.
Kuchinjana kuri nyore: Nzira dzeVictor dzinopa chimiro chakarongwa uye kupatsanurwa kweATC, asi dzimwe nzira dzeRNAV dzinogona kuva dzakananga. Unyanzvi ndekuziva nguva yekushanda. chinja hurongwa uye nguva yekuramba uchifamba mumugwagwa mukuru. Vatyairi vendege vazhinji vanotadza kushandisa nzira dzeVictor nekuda kwetsika, kwete kutonga.
Tenzi Victor Anofamba Nenzira Uye Anofamba Nechivimbo
Mutyairi wendege anonzwisisa nzira dzeVictor anoona hurongwa hweIFR hwenzvimbo dzakaderera kwete senzira inovhiringidza yemitsetse asi senzira ine musoro yakavakirwa pakufamba kwendege pasi. Kunzwisisa ikoko kunochinja maitiro ekuongorora kwese kuronga kwendege, kuverenga kwese kunobva ndege, uye kutsauka kwese kunobatwa.
Kuregeredza hunyanzvi uhwu zvinoreva kubhururuka usina nzvimbo yaunoona. Kana GPS ikakundikana, kana nzira yeT isingawanikwe, kana kana mutyairi akapa nzvimbo inopinza hurongwa, mutyairi asingakwanise kuona chimiro chenzira yeVictor anorasikirwa nenguva uye ruzivo rwemamiriro ezvinhu. Mutyairi anogona kuramba ari pamberi pendege.
Dhonza chati yemugwagwa uri pakakwirira pasi yendege yako yekumba. Tevedzera nzira dzeVictor dzinobatanidza rwendo rwako rwekubva nerwakusvika. Isa imwe mundege yako inotevera yeIFR. Ibhururutse. Ndiyo nzira iyo ruzivo rwekutanga runova hunyanzvi hunoshanda.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa NezveVictor Routes
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati penzira dzeT nedzeVictor airways?
Nzira dzeT idzo nzira dzemuchadenga dziri pasi peRNAV dzinoshandisa nzira dzeGPS pakufamba, nepo nzira dzeVictor dzichishandisa nzvimbo dzeVOR dziri pasi kuti dzigadzire zvikamu zvenzira dzadzo. Musiyano unoshanda ndewekuti nzira dzeT dzinogona kunge dzakatwasuka nekuti nzvimbo dzeGPS hadzina kuganhurirwa nenzvimbo dzeVOR, asi nzira dzeVictor dzinoramba dziri chimiro chendege dzisina michina yeGPS.
Sei vatyairi vendege vachiti munhu anokunda zviri nyore?
Vatyairi vendege vanoti "mukundi ari nyore" sechiratidzo chezwi kana vabvumirwa kubhururuka nendege yeVictor, vachishandisa izwi reICAO rebhii V kuratidza kuti vabvumirwa. Mashoko aya anoderedza kuvhiringidzika kweredhiyo nekusiyanisa zvakajeka zita rendege kubva pamashoko kana nhamba dzinonzwika zvakafanana munzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda mundege.
Ndezvipi zvishandiso zvandinoda kuti ndibhururuke rwendo rwekuenda kuVictor?
Kubhururuka nenzira yeVictor kunoda kuti munhu awane VOR receiver inoshanda uye kugona kuziva chiteshi, kungave kuburikidza neaudio Morse code kana digital identifier. VOR receiver yechipiri kana DME unit inokurudzirwa kuti ifambire mberi nekuchinja nzira panzvimbo dzinosangana ma radial maviri.
