Zvinorehwa neATC: Kupfuura Chidimbu cheKudzora Kufamba Kwendege

Mutyairi wendege anonzwa "ATC" uye anofunga nezvezwi riri muhedhifoni richipa mirairo. Mufambi anorinzwa uye anofungidzira radar screen muimba ine rima. Vose vari vaviri vakarurama, uye vese vari vaviri havana ruzivo rwakakwana.

Tsananguro yakajairika, kudzorwa kwemafambiro endege, yakarurama asi haina kukwana zvine njodzi. Inoderedza nzira yekufema, yekufunga kwevanhu, maitiro akarongwa, uye zvisarudzo zvemasekondi mashoma kuita label ine mavara matatu. Label iyoyo haitauri nezvekushanda kwekuchengetedza.

Chinyorwa chino chinosiyanisa zvinoreva ATC kubva pamativi ese akakosha. Kubva pashongwe kusvika pacockpit, kubva pakushushikana kwemutongi kusvika kumamiriro ebhizinesi ausina kumbotarisira. Uchafamba uchinzwisisa ATC sehurongwa, kwete chidimbu.

Maonero Akajairika eATC Falls Short

Tsanangudzo yakajairika yeATC inoreva kudzora kufamba kwendege. Izvozvo zvakarurama nehunyanzvi. Hazvinawo kukwana zvachose.

Vhura iyo Wikipedia yekupinda yekudzora mafambiro endege uye mutsetse wekutanga unotsanangura sevhisi iri pasi. Sevhisi iyi inotungamira ndege dziri pasi uye kuburikidza nenzvimbo yemhepo inodzorwa. Ndiyo tsananguro inoshanda yemaitiro, kwete tsananguro yehurongwa.

Musiyano unokosha. Maitiro inzira inotevedzana yematanho aunotevera. Sisitimu ihurongwa hwevanhu, nzira yekuraira, uye kuverenga njodzi panguva chaiyo. Shanduro yeWikipedia inokuudza zvinoitwa neATC. Haikuudze kuti ATC chii.

Musiyano uyu unokonzera kusanzwisisana chaiko. Mutyairi wendege anoona ATC sebasa rekudzidzisa riri nyore anorasikirwa nekubatana kwainodiwa. Mutasvi anoona nezvayo se radar screen anorasikirwa nesarudzo dzevanhu kana akamanikidzwa. Nyanzvi yezvendege inomira pachidimbu chemashoko aya inorega kunzwisisa kuti kuchengetedzeka kunoshanda sei chaizvo.

Maonero akamanikana haatarisiwo mamiriro ezvinhu. ATC iri munzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda yeClass B haisi ATC imwe chete iri kumaruwa eMontana. Chidimbu chimwe chete ichi chinosanganisira zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana zvachose zvekushanda. Kuzvibata sezvakaenzana chikanganiso chinokanganisa zvese kubva pakuronga ndege kusvika pakupindura nekukurumidza. Maonero akajairwa haana kuipa. Idiki zvakanyanya. Uye mundege, diki zvakanyanya zvakafanana nekutadza.

Funga nezvekusiya rwizi rweHudson muna 2009. Mutyairi wendege haana kubata ATC sebasa rekuraira. Akaishandisa senzvimbo yekushandira pamwe chete, achishandisa mirairo yemutongi achipesana nemaonero ake. Kubatana ikoko kwakaita mutsauko. Tsanangudzo yakamanikana yeatc inoreva basa repasi. Tsanangudzo chaiyo inosanganisira mutyairi wese anoishandisa semubatsiri wekufunga. Ndiwo mukaha usingaonekwe netsananguro dzakawanda.

Zvinorehwa neATC muShongwe: Pasi, Munharaunda, uye Kubvisa

Tsananguro yakajairika yezvinoreva ATC mushongwe inoputsa mabasa matatu akasiyana kuita pfungwa imwe chete isina kujeka. Kusajeka ikoko kune njodzi kune vatyairi vendege vanoda kuziva chaizvo kuti vari kutaura nemutungamiriri upi uye nei. Basa rega rega rine chinangwa charo, kakawanda, uye seti yemabasa asingagoni kuchinjaniswa kana kuvhiringidzwa.

Kuendeswa Kwemari Yekubvumidza: Muchengeti weGedhi reNdege

Kuendeswa kwendege kunosanganisira kubviswa kwenzira, kureba kwakatarwa, kuwanda kwekusimuka, uye kodhi ye transponder. Mutyairi wendege asinganzwisise mirairo yekuendesa ndege anogona kutanga rwendo nenzira isiriyo yakaiswa muhurongwa hwekutarisira ndege.

Kudzora Pasi: Maneja weTraffic yePasi

Kana gwara rekufambisa rasvika, mutyairi wendege anochinja kuenda kunzira yekudzora pasi, iyo inotarisira kufamba kwese munzira dzematekisi nedzekurembera. Kudzora pasi kunoshanda pane imwe nguva yakasiyana nekuti Nzvimbo iri pamusoro penyika ine njodzi dzayo dzekurovera dzisina chekuita nekufamba kwendegeMirayiridzo yetekisi inofanira kuverengwa zvakare sezvairi; chero kutsauka kunokonzera kusawirirana pamusoro penzvimbo uko kunofanira kugadziriswa nevanodzora pasi mumasekondi.

Kudzorwa Kwenzvimbo: Runway Authority

Vatongi vemunharaunda ndivo vane nzvimbo dzekumhanya nendege dzakatenderedza nhandare yendege, vachipa mvumo yekusimuka nekumhara uye vachitevedzana kwenzvimbo dzinosvika. Kuendeswa kwendege kubva pasi kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo kwakakosha: pasi panoita kuti ndege isvike panzvimbo yayakamiswa, asi vemunharaunda chete ndivo vanogona kuiisa panzvimbo yayakamiswa. Kuvhiringidza masimba maviri aya kwakakonzera kupinda kwevanhu munyika chaiyo kwakada kuti pave nekuongororwa nekukurumidza.

Mabasa aya matatu inzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine mafrequency eredhiyo akasiyana, maitiro, uye mvumo yepamutemo. Mutyairi wendege anoatora se "shongwe" imwe chete ari kushaya chimiro chinoita kuti mashandiro epamusoro ave akachengeteka. Tsanangudzo yemashoko eThrustmaster ATC inoparadzanisa misiyano iyi nenzira chaiyo iyo mutyairi wese wendege anofanira kudzidza asati abhururuka mumhepo inodzorwa.

Kunzwisisa musiyano uyu ndiko musiyano uripo pakati pekuverengazve kwakarurama nekupinda kwenzira yemumugwagwa. Gwaro rekutaurirana reATC Inotsanangura mashoko chaiwo echinzvimbo chimwe nechimwe uye zvakakodzera kuongororwa usati waenda kunhandare yendege ine vanhu vakawanda.

Mhiri kweShongwe: Kusvika, Nzira Yekupinda, uye TRACON

Nhare iyi ndiyo nzvimbo inoonekwa yekudzora mafambiro endege, asi inongobata kutanga nekuguma kwendege. Ruzhinji rwerwendo rwese runoitika munzvimbo dzisingaonekwe neveruzhinji, uye ndipo panoratidzwa kuoma kwezvinoreva ATC. Kunzwisisa zvikamu izvi hakusi kwedzidzo; musiyano uripo pakati pemutyairi wendege anoziva hurongwa neuyo anongotevera mirairo.

Kudzora nzira yekusvika kunoitika panguva iyo ndege inobva mudenga reshongwe. Danho iri rinotarisira ndege padzinokwira kubva padzinosimuka kana kuti dzakamira mumutsara kuti dzisvike, zvichidzvanya ndege dzakawanda kuita dzakatevedzana. Ndiyo nyaya yakanyanya kupararira mundege, zvichida kuti pave nesarudzo dzenguva pfupi pamusoro penzvimbo nenzvimbo dzakakwirira kudzivirira kusawirirana kusati kwaitika.

Kudzora ndege munzira, kunowanzonzi kudzora nzvimbo, kunobata chikamu chekufamba nendege. Vatongi vendege pano vanotarisira ndege dziri pakakwirira munzvimbo dzakakura, vachidzitevera pazviratidziro zveradar zvinosvika mazana emakiromita. Basa racho harina kunyanya kuomarara serinosvika, asi njodzi dziripo dzakakura, chikanganiso pamakiromita 35,000 hachirevi mukana wekudzoka.

TRACON, kana kuti Terminal Radar Approach Control, ibhiriji riri pakati pekusvika neshongwe. Inobata nzvimbo yendege yakabatikana yakakomberedza nhandare huru dzendege, ichironga vanhu vanosvika kubva kumativi akasiyana kuenda kurwizi rumwe chete. Basa rekuvaka reTRACON ndeimwe yedzinonyanya kuoma mundege, inoda kuti vatarisiri vatarisire ndege dzakawanda panguva imwe chete munzvimbo diki.

Matunhu matatu aya haashande ari ega. Vatongi vanopa ndege, vachipa data nebasa kubva kune rimwe divi kuenda kune rimwe pasina mutyairi wendege anoona kuchinja kwacho. Sisitimu iyi inoshanda nekuti mutongi wese anovimba neanotevera kuti abate ndege nemazvo, cheni yekutonga kwevanhu inotenderera rwendo rwese.

Zvinorehwa neATC kune Vatyairi vendege: Kutaurirana uye Kutevedzera Mutemo

Vatyairi vendege vanobata ATC semupi webasa kwete semubatsiri wavo vari kubhururuka neruoko rumwe chete. Hukama hwacho hahuna hunhu hwechinyakare, asi hune chekuita nekushandira pamwe chete. Kutumirwa kwese kwese kune mutoro wevanhu vose wemhedzisiro yacho. Mitsara yakajairika iripo nekuda kwechikonzero. tsananguro yezvekudzora mafambiro emhepo inotsanangura mazwi asingasiyi mukana wekududzira. "Roger" zvinoreva kugamuchira. "Wilco" zvinoreva kugamuchira uye zvichaenderana.

Maitiro ekuverenga nekunzwa mafambiro endege ndiwo anobatsira pakuchengetedza. Mutyairi wendege anoverenga zvakare murairo. Mutongi anosimbisa kuti kuverenga mafambiro endege kwakarurama. Kutadza kufamba kwendege kwakakonzera kupinda kwendege mumugwagwa uye kupotsa kufamba. Chinotenderera chinovhara chete kana mativi ese abvumirana.

Kusataurirana zvakanaka hakuzivisi kuti chii. Zvinonzwika sekutumirana kwemhepo nguva dzose uko kwakaitika kuti kwakaipa. Mutyairi wendege anobvuma nzvimbo isina kunaka anogona kusaziva chikanganiso kusvika yambiro yekuti daro repasi ranzwika. Panguva iyoyo, mukana wekugadzirisa daro hausisipo.

Kubatana uku kunopfuura mashoko ekutaura asi kuchiita tsika yekutevedzera mitemo. Mutyairi wendege anobvunza murayiro haasi kuoma, asi ari kuchengetedzeka. Vatongi vakanakisisa vanogamuchira mubvunzo uyu nekuti zvinoreva kuti mutyairi wendege ari kuita zvakafanana. Kubatana ikoko ndiko kunoita kuti kuchengetedzwa kwendege shandai mukuita.

Vatyairi vendege vakanakisa havamiriri kugadziriswa. Vanobata kusanzwisisika kwechinhu chisati chave murairo. Kudzokorora kunomira pashoko rimwe chete mureza unofanirwa kubatwa.

Apa ndipo panoonekwa munhu kupfuura runyorwa rwezvinhu. Runyorwa rwezvinhu runosimbisa zvakataurwa. Harugone kusimbisa zvairehwa. Mukaha iwoyo ndipo panowana mukana wekutonga kwemutyairi wendege.

Zvinorehwa neATC muBhizinesi nedzimwe nzvimbo

Kufamba nendege hakusi iko chete uko ATC inoreva chimwe chinhu chaicho. Mabhii matatu akafanana ane huremu hwakasiyana zvachose muimba yebhodhi, spreadsheet, kana meseji. Context ndiyo chete chinhu chinosiyanisa controller kubva pakuverenga mari.

• Avhareji yemutengo wose. Muhupfumi, iyi imutengo wose wekugadzira wakakamurwa nehuwandu hwezvinobuda. Chiyero chikuru chekusarudza mitengo.
• Mvumo Yekuunganidza. Gwaro rebhizinesi rinopa mvumo yekuunganidza mari kana zvikwereti. Zvakajairika mukufambisa zvinhu nekunyora ma invoice.
• KuKirabhu. Kutumira mameseji muchidimbu kuti uri panzvimbo yekutandarira. Hapana kana chirevo chekushanda.
• Kudzora Zvitima Otomatiki. Sisitimu yekuchengetedza njanji inoongorora kumhanya kwechitima uye inoshandisa mabhureki otomatiki. Yakakosha pakuchengetedza mune imwe nzira yekufambisa.
• Nzvimbo yeTekinoroji Yepamusoro. Nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza nekuvandudza makambani. Inoshandiswa nemakambani etekinoroji kutumidza nzvimbo dzekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva.
• Nzvimbo Yekudzidzisa Yakatenderwa. Sangano rine chitupa chekupa zvitupa zvehunyanzvi. Rinowanzo shandiswa mukudzidzira ndege.
• Kudzora Kufamba Kwendege. Ehe, zvinoreva zvakanyanya, asi chete kana zviri pamusoro pendege. Kunze kweizvozvo, ndeimwe sarudzo pakati pedzimwe dzakawanda.

Rondedzero iyi inoratidza chimwe chinhu chisingagone kuitwa nechidimbu chega: ATC i homograph ine mhedzisiro. Chikwata chezvemari chiri kuverenga mushumo weAvhareji Yemari Yese hachifanirwe kuziva nezvemaitiro ekubata. Mutyairi wendege ari kuverenga NOTAM haafanirwe kuziva nezvemabhureki echitima.

Tarisa mamiriro ezvinhu usati wadudzira mavara acho. Tsanangudzo yeDictionary.com inonyora zvinoreva zvakawanda nechikonzero. Kubata ATC seshoko rimwe chete, rakagadzika inzira yekupfupikisa inoshanda kusvika yarega kushanda.

Mushandi wekutenga zvinhu kuMaersk achiverenga "ATC" painvoice anoda kuti Authority itore dudziro. Mainjiniya wechitima kuSiemens anoverenga mabhii akafanana anoda Automatic Train Control. Mutemo unoshanda uri nyore. Kana chirevo chemashoko chikaoneka chisina mamiriro acho, bvunza mamiriro acho usati waita chimwe chinhu. Mubvunzo iwoyo mumwe chete unodzivirira zvikanganiso zvinopararira mumadhipatimendi nemasisitimu.

Chinhu Chinoumba Hunhu: Zvinorehwa neATC kune Vatongi

Chishandiso chimwe nechimwe chiri mushongwe yekudzora hachina kukosha kune munhu ari kushandisa. Sisitimu yese inoenderana nemunhu anogona kuchengeta ndege dzakawanda mundangariro yake uku achiita sarudzo dzisina mukana wechipiri. Radar yepamusoro-soro pasi rose haibatsiri kana mudzori asingakwanise kuvimba nemunhu ari pedyo naye.

Kuva mutariri wezvekufambisa ndege hakusi basa rinongoitika netsaona. Zvikwaniriso zvekutonga kweFAA zvinoda kupasa bvunzo dzekurapa dzakaoma, bvunzo yekuziva kugona, uye kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza uko kunobvisa vazhinji vanonyorera vasati vatombotanga kudzidziswa. Avo vanopedza vanopedza makore akawanda vari mukudzidziswa kwakarongeka vasati vashanda vega mumugwagwa.

Kushushikana kwebasa hakusi kwekufungidzira. Vatongi vanotarisira nzvimbo yemhepo uko murairo mumwe chete usina kunzwiwa zvakanaka unogona kukonzera kusawirirana kunotora masekondi mashoma kuti kugadziriswe. Basa iri rinoda kutarisirwa kwakasimba mukati memaawa masere ekushanda pamwe nekuzorora kwakarairwa nekuti kuneta kunozivikanwa senjodzi yekuchengetedzeka. Iri harisi basa rinobvumira kukanganiswa.

Kunzwisisa zvizere zvinoreva basa rekutonga traffic yemhepo zvinoreva kubvuma kuti otomatiki inotsigira asi haitsivi kutonga kwevanhu. Sisitimu iyi inoshanda nekuti vanodzora vanogadzira kuziva maitiro ayo pasina algorithm inogona kutevedzera. Vanoona mamiriro ezvinhu ari kukura asati aziviswa.

Chinhu chemunhu ndicho chinoita kuti ATC irambe yakasimba. Ndicho chinoitawo kuti ishaye simba. Mutongi wega wega ane mutoro wezvisarudzo zvinoitwa panguva chaiyo, pasina bhatani rekudzokorora riripo.

Kumanikidzwa kuri kuoneka mudata. Vatongi venzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda vakaita seNew York TRACON vanotarisira kuwanda kwemotokari dzinofamba mumotokari izvo zvingakanganisa zvikwata zvakawanda. Kupanana kwese pakati pezvikamu inguva apo kutaurirana kunofanira kunge kwakarurama kana kuti hurongwa hunoparara.

Kunyatsorongeka ikoko kunoonekwa kuburikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu ekufananidzira anodzokorodza kutadza kwakanyanya. Vatongi vanodzidza kuvimba nekudzidziswa kwavo kana zvisingatarisirwi zvikaitika nekuti hapana nguva yekutarisa bhuku remazano.

Sei Zvinorehwa NeATC Zvichikosha Pakuchengetedza?

Kuchengetedzeka mundege hakubvi muhurongwa humwe chete. Kunobva mukunzwisisa mativi ese ehurongwa ihwohwo uye kuti mativi iwayo akabatana sei.

Mutyairi wendege anoziva shongwe chete ari kubhururuka asingaoni rwendo rwake. Mufambi anofunga kuti ATC ingori munhu ane radar screen anorasikirwa nepfungwa dzevanhu dzinodzivirira njodzi. Maneja anoona ATC sechidimbu chinoita sarudzo dzinoderedza mikana yekuchengetedza. Kuona zvisina kudzika kunoita kuti munhu asazvifarire. Kusazvitarisira kunouraya.

Musiyano uripo pakati pekuziva chirevo chechidimbu nekuziva sisitimu yacho

Tsanangudzo zhinji dzinogumira pazita. Tsanangudzo yeGlobeAir yeATC Zvinosvika pedyo nekutsanangura basa racho pacharo. Asi kunyange izvozvo hazvinyatsooneki kuti basa racho rinoitwa sei.

Kuchengetedzeka kunoenderana nekuziva musiyano uripo pakati penguva yekubvisa magwaro ekufambisa nenguva yekutonga yemuno. Zvinoenderana nekunzwisisa kuti sei kutumirwa kweTRACON kuchikosha kupfuura mirairo yeshongwe yakatangira. Zvinoenderana nekuziva kuti munhu ari kune rimwe divi reredhiyo ari kutarisira mutoro wepfungwa uyo ungakanganisa nyanzvi zhinji.

Panoputsika system

Kusanzwisisana pamusoro pezvinoreva ATC ndiko kusiyana kuripo pakati penzira yakajairika uye kupotsa.

Mutyairi wendege asinganzwisise zvese zviri muATC achaverenga murairo asinganzwisise chinangwa chemutongi. Mutongi anofunga kuti mutyairi wendege anoziva kuti sisitimu yacho ichapa gwara risina kukwana. Musiyano uripo pakati pemafungiro maviri aya ndepanoitika tsaona.

Nzira yekuchengetedza yakasimba chete kana kunzwisisa kwayo kusina kusimba

Zvinorehwa zvizere neATC i "safety net" pachayo. Bvisa jira rimwe chete, chinhu chemunhu, kudzika kwemaitiro, kupatsanurwa kwechikamu, uye "sector" ine buri. Ndokusaka "safety net" iri mu "buri". air traffic control guide iripo. Harisi gwaro rekutarisa. Inzira yekuchengetedza inomanikidza muverengi wese kuti aone system yese.

Rega Kurapa ATC Sechipfupiso Chiri Nyore

Muverengi iye zvino anoziva izvozvo ATC zvinoreva chimwe chinhu chinoda kutaurwa kupfuura chitaridzi chine mavara matatuZvinoreva hurongwa hwakasiyana-siyana hwekutonga kwevanhu, kurangana kwemaitiro, uye kupatsanurana nguva dzose kunotangira pasi kusvika pamamita zviuru makumi matatu.

Kuramba uri pamusoro pechinyorwa chipfupiso chisarudzo chine migumisiro. Mutyairi wendege anonzwisisa chidimbu chete anorasikirwa nehukama hunoita kuti ndege irambe yakachengeteka. Mufambi asingambofungi kupfuura shongwe haafariri basa risingaonekwe riri kuitika sekondi yega yega.

Nguva inotevera izwi rekuti ATC rinobuda, mira pasystem iri kumashure kwayo. Funga nezvemutongi ari kutarisira boka revanhu vanosvika. Funga nezvekuverenga kwakabata musoro usiri iwo. Ndizvo zvinoreva izwi iri.