ⓘ TL;DR
- Sisitimu yekuverenga nhamba dzendege yakavakirwa pamusoro wemagineti wakakamurwa negumi uye wakatenderedzwa kusvika panhamba yakazara iri pedyo. Musoro we092° unova Runway 09.
- Runway imwe chete ine manhamba maviri nekuti magumo ese anomiririra misoro yemagineti inosiyana nemadhigirii zana nemakumi masere, akadai se09 ne27.
- Nhamba dzenzira dzemumugwagwa dzinochinja nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwekudonha kwenzvimbo dzinofamba nemhepo dzinofamba netsoka, zvichiita kuti nhandare dzendege dzigadzirise zviratidzo, machati, uye madhatabhesi ekufamba.
- Mabhii akaita seL, C, naR anosiyanisa nzira dzekumhanya dzakafanana nedzemutyairi wendege, kwete nekutarisa mepu.
- Nhamba dzenzira dzendege dzinongoratidzwa chete. Hadziratidzi kureba, upamhi, kana simba renzvimbo yendege.
Zviri Mukati
Chinyorwa chino hachizotsananguri hurongwa hwekuverenga nhamba dzemunhandare yendege nekukuudza kuti zviri nyore wobva warega uchinzwisisa zvimwe. Chichakuratidza kuti nhamba idzodzo dzinopihwa sei, kuti sei munhandare yendege ichigona kuva 9 ne27, uye zvinoitika kana Nyika pachayo yasarudza kudzichinja.
Kusanzwisisana kuripo pamusoro penhamba dzenzira yekumhanyira kunonzwisisika. Dzinoita sedzisina kurongeka, kunyanya kana ukaona nzira yekumhanyira yakanyorwa 9 kune rimwe divi uye 27 kune rimwe divi. Zvinoita sekodhi, kwete sisitimu. Asi sisitimu, uye yakavakirwa pamusimboti mumwe chete unoenderana: musoro wemagineti.
Pano uchadzidza pfungwa chaiyo iri shure kwenhamba yega yega yerunway, maitiro ekuisa nhamba dzacho nhanho nhanho, uye chikonzero chaicho chekuti dzipinzwe nhamba nekufamba kwenguva. Pakupedzisira, uchatarisa chero runway woziva chaizvo zvinorehwa nenhamba yacho.
Pfungwa Iri Seri kweNhamba Yese Yekumhanya
Nhamba yerunway ndiyo nhamba yese iri pedyo nechikamu chimwe mugumi che azimuth yemagineti yerunway centerline, inoyerwa newachi kubva kumagnetic north. Nhamba yekupedzisira inodonhedzwa kubva ku azimuth, saka musoro we092 degrees unova runway 09. Nhamba iyi imwe chete inoudza mutyairi wendege kuti achabhururuka sei kana kumhara kana kubhururuka kubva ipapo.
Sisitimu iyi hainzwisiswi zvakanyanya nekuti nhamba iri kumucheto mumwe inoita kunge iri kuseri kwenhamba iri kumucheto mumwe. Runway ine nhamba 09 pane imwe muganhu ichave nenhamba 27 kune imwe muganhu wakatarisana. Izvi hazvisi kukanganisa kana tsaona, asi kudzokororwa kwemusoro wekutanga, kwakaverengerwa nekuwedzera kana kubvisa madhigirii 180. Nhamba yacho inoshanduka nekuti nzira yekusvika inoshanduka.
The Bhuku reFAA reRuzivo rweNdege inoronga mwero uyu, ichiita kuti mutyairi wega wega averenge nhamba imwe chete pasinei nenzvimbo yendege. Kunyatsorongeka kunonyanya kukosha kana paine kusanyatsoonekwa kana kuti panhandare dzendege dzisingazivikanwe, uko kusarongeka kumwe chete kunogona kureva musiyano uripo pakati penzira yakagadzikana nemaitiro ekugadzirisa.
Kunzwisisa pfungwa yacho kunobvisa chakavanzika. Nguva inotevera nhamba yerunway ikaita seisina kurongeka, kuverenga kwacho kwakajeka: patsanura musoro wemagineti negumi, tenderera kusvika kunhamba yakazara iri pedyo, wobva waderedza zero. Sisitimu yacho iri nyore kupfuura zvainoita.
Zvinoreva Runway 9 na27 Chaizvo
Kusawirirana kuripo pakati penzira yendege nhamba 9 ne27 kwakajairika pakati pevatyairi vendege vatsva nevafambi vanoda kuziva. Zvinoita sekupesana, nhamba mbiri dzakanongedzera kumativi akasiyana pamutsetse mumwe chete wemugwagwa. Chikanganiso chiripo ndechekuona nhamba idzi semazita kwete sekuti ndedzipi: misoro inoshanduka zvichienderana nekuti uri kubhururuka uchienda kupi.
Pamberi:
Mufambi anotarisa nepahwindo obva aona runway 9 kune rumwe rutivi uye runway 27 kune rumwe rutivi. Nhamba dzacho dzinoita sedzakadzoserwa shure, dzinenge dzisina kurongeka. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nepfungwa yekuti system yacho haina kuenderana kana kuti mumwe munhu akaita chikanganiso chekuisa mazita.
Mushure:
Runway 09 zvinoreva kuti magumo ekusvika akatarisana nemadhigirii angangoita 90 pa kambasi yakasimuka nemadhigirii 360, ichienda kumabvazuva. Mugumo wakatarisana, runway 27, unonongedza pamadhigirii 270, ichienda kumadokero. Runway imwe chete ine nhamba mbiri nekuti nzira yega yega yekusvika ine referensi yayo yemagineti.
Izvi hazvisi zvekungofungidzira. Ndiwo mafungiro ese ehurongwa anoratidzwa. Nhamba yacho inoudza mutyairi wendege kuti anongedzerepi mhino yake nemavhiri asati abva pasi.
Maitirwo Emanhamba Emumugwagwa Nhanho Nenhanho
Maitiro ebasa rechikoro anoitwa nenzira yemakanika, kwete nenzira yetsaona. Tsananguro zhinji dzinodarika danho rakakosha rekutenderera nemazvo, ndipo panokonzereswa kana kuti kukundikana kwehurongwa hwechikoro kune mudzidzi mutsva. Maitiro aya anotevera matanho mashanu akareruka anoshandura denderedzwa rekambasi kuita nhamba dzakapendwa pamugwagwa.
Step 1. Yera azimuth yemagineti yemutsetse wepakati penzira yekumhanyira ndege kubva kwainosvika mutyairi wendege. Apa ndipo painotanga, kwete pamepu panowanikwa nzira yekumhanyira ndege. Kuyera uku kunobva pakambasi yakatarisana nekuchamhembe kwemagineti, kwete kuchamhembe chaiko.
Step 2. Govanisa azimuth iyoyo ne10 woita denderedzwa kusvika panhamba yakazara iri pedyo. Bearing ye092 degrees inova 9.2, iyo inotenderera kusvika pa9. Bearing ye176 degrees inova 17.6, iyo inotenderera kusvika pa18. Kutenderera ndiyo nhanho inogadzira mhedzisiro yakachena yenhamba mbiri.
Step 3. Bvisa zero yekupedzisira kana mhedzisiro iri manhamba maviri, kana kuwedzera zero inotungamira kana mhedzisiro iri nhamba imwe chete. Nhamba 9 inova 09. Nhamba 18 inoramba iri 18. Ndokusaka usingambooni nhamba yerunway ine nhamba imwe chete isina zero inotungamira, mutemo wekufometa unovimbisa kuenderana kwese kwese dhayagiramu nechati yendege.
Step 4. Isa nhamba dzinoenderana kune rimwe divi. Wedzera 180 kune yekutanga, kana kubvisa 180 kana nhamba yekutanga yakakura kupfuura 180. Runway 09 inowana runway 27 kune rimwe divi. Runway 18 inowana runway 36. Nhamba mbiri idzi dzinogara dzichisvika 36, inova nhamba yakazara ye360 degrees.
Step 5. Wedzera mavara L, C, kana R kana paine nzira dzekumhanya dzakafanana. Danho iri rinongoshanda panhandare dzendege dzine nzira dzakawanda dzekumhanya dzakanongedzera kudivi rimwe chete. Gwaro rePilot Institute inoshandisa muenzaniso wekuti 092 degrees ikava runway 09, iyo inoratidza maitiro ese kubva pabearing kusvika kune label yekupedzisira.
Kupedzisa matanho aya kunoita kuti pave nenhamba yendege iyo chero mutyairi wendege chero kupi anogona kutsanangura nekukasika. Sisitimu iyi inobvisa kusanzwisisika kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kusanzwisisika kunogona kuva njodzi huru.
Nei Nzira Dzekumhanya Dzichiwedzerwa Nhamba Nekufamba Kwenguva
Nhamba yenhandare yendege yakapendwa paasphalt haisi yekusingaperi. Inoshanduka nekuti simba remagineti rePasi isimba rinofamba zvishoma nezvishoma riri pasi pehurongwa hwese hwendege, uye nhamba dzacho dzinofanira kuitevera.
Magineti ekuchamhembe anotenderera nepadanho rinosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo. Kwemakore kana makumi emakore, simba remagineti repakati penzira yekumhanyira runway rinogona kuchinja nemadhigirii akati wandei. Kana kuchinja ikoko kuchipfuura nepakati pemuganhu wekutenderera, pakati pemanhamba maviri, nzira yekumhanyira runway inowana zita idzva.
Ichi chiitiko chinowanzoitika. Nhandare dzendege pasi rose dzakachinja nhamba dzenzira dzendege sezvo simba remagineti raifamba, zvichimanikidza kugadziriswa kwemapuleti ekusvika, zviratidzo zvetaxiway, uye madhatabhesi akaiswa muhurongwa hwekutarisira ndege dzese.
Maitiro ekuchinja nhamba inzira yekufambisa zvinhu inobata chikamu chega chega chekushanda kwenhandare yendege. Zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kutsiviwa. Machati anoburitswa nevakuru vezvendege anofanira kugadziriswa. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kuziviswa kuburikidza nematsamba epamutemo. sisitimu yekuratidza nzvimbo dzendege inobatanidzwa zvakananga nekufamba, saka shanduko inoitika kuburikidza nehurongwa hwese hwekugadzirira ndege usati wabhururuka uye maitiro ese ekushandisa. Kuchinja kwenhamba imwe chete kunogona kutora mwedzi yakawanda yekubatana.
Chinoita kuti izvi zvikoshe kuziva ndechekuti sisitimu iyi haina kumira zvakanaka. Nhamba dzinoita sedzakagadzika uye dzine simba nhasi dzinongoenderana nenguva ino chete mukufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwesimba remagineti. Mangwana, dzinogona kunge dzisisina basa.
Zvinorehwa neMabhii L, C, naR
Nzira dzekumhanya dzakafanana dzinoputsa pfungwa dzakachena dzehurongwa hwekuverenga nhamba dzenzira dzekumhanya, ndosaka mavara L, C, naR aripo. Dai pasina iwo, mutyairi wendege aibvumirwa kumhara panzira 15 panhandare yendege ine mitsetse mitatu yakafanana aisazoziva kuti ndeipi yaanoda kunanga. Mavara aya anogadzirisa kusanzwisisika ikoko nekupa nzvimbo maererano negwara rekusvika.
- L yenzira yekumhanyira mugwagwa yakatarisana kuruboshwe
- C yenzira yepakati yendege yakatarisana
- R yenzira yekumhanya yerudyi yakatarisana
- Inopiwa kana yakatarisana negwara rekusvika
- Inoshandiswa chete kana nzira mbiri kana kupfuura dzendege dzine nhamba imwe chete
- Haisi nhandare yendege yega yega ine mabhii matatu ese
- Mabhii akabatanidzwa zvakananga kunhamba, hapana nzvimbo
Nzvimbo yacho inogara ichitariswa kubva pamaonero emutyairi wendege panosvika nzira yekupedzisira, kwete kubva pakuona mepu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti 15L ne15R zvinopesana pamativi ese enzira imwe chete, iyo 15L kubva kune rimwe divi inova 33R kubva kune rimwe.
tarisa Kupinda kweWikipedia panhandare yendege Zita remusangano wose. Wobva watarisa dhayagiramu yendege yako yemuno woona kuti ndedzipi nzira dzendege dzakafanana dzine mabhii, maitiro acho anova pachena kana wangoziva zvekutsvaga.
Mafungiro Asiri Akajairika Pamusoro Penhamba Dzemumugwagwa
Ngano inonyanya kutaurwa pamusoro penhamba dzendege ndeyekuti dzinopihwa chero nguva, sekunge mushandi wepanhandare yendege aburitsa nhamba kubva muheti. Kutenda uku kunoramba kuripo nekuti nhamba idzi dzinoita sedzisina kurongeka kune vafambi vanoona 09 kune rimwe divi uye 27 kune rimwe divi vasinganzwisise hwaro hwemusoro wemagineti. Chokwadi ndechekuti nhamba yega yega inotevera kuverenga kwakasimba kusingasiyi nzvimbo yekufungidzira.
Chimwe chikanganiso chinowanzoitika ndechekuti nhamba yacho inoratidza hurefu hwenzira yekumhanyira. Nzira yekumhanyira ine 15 haina kureba mamita 1,500, uye nzira yekumhanyira ine 22 haina kureba mamita 2,200. Nhamba yacho haina chekuita nedaro, inongova chiratidzo chekuenda kwakanangana chinotorwa kubva pamagnetic azimuth yepakati pemutsetse.
Vamwe vafambi vanoshamisika kuti sei runway 00 isingaonekwe. Mhinduro yacho iri nyore: musoro we000 degrees ungave uri magnetic north, iyo inotenderera kusvika kumadigirii 360, kwete zero. Sisitimu iyi inoshandisa 36 pamusoro iwoyo, uye nhamba dzine nhamba imwe chete dzinogara dzichiwana zero inotungamira, mutemo wakanyorwa mu mitemo yevagadziri vemigwagwa yendege izvo zvinotonga ndege dzepasi rose.
Pamwe pfungwa isina kunaka ndeyekuti magumo ese enzira yendege ane nhamba imwe chete. Mutyairi wendege anotarisira nzira yendege 09 paanosvika uyo anofunga kuti mugumo wakatarisana nendege 09 anenge asiri iwowo angave asina kururama nemadhigirii zana nemakumi masere. Nhamba yenzira yendege iripo kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika ikoko, ichipa nzira yega yega chiratidzo chayo chakasiyana.
Kusanzwisisana uku kunokosha nekuti kunoparadza kuvimba nehurongwa hwakagadzirirwa kujekesa zvizere. Kana mutyairi wendege kana mutakurwi akabvuma kuti nhamba dzacho hadzina kurongeka, anorega kutsvaga pfungwa dzinochengetedza nzira dzese dzakachengeteka.
Mashandisiro Anoita Vatyairi Vendege Nhamba Dzemumugwagwa Mukuita
Vatyairi vendege havabati nhamba dzendege sezvinhu zvidiki. Vanodzishandisa senzira huru yekusimbisa kuti vari kusvika panhandare chaiyo, kunyanya panhandare dzendege dzine vanhu vakawanda uko nzira dzakawanda dzendege dzinonongedzera kwakasiyana uye mukana wekukanganisa uri zero.
Mutyairi wendege ari kusvika padyo nendege anotarisa nhamba yakapendwa pamusuwo wendege achitarisa nzvimbo yakapihwa kubva kuvatungamiriri vendege. Nhamba imwe chete iyoyo, inoonekwa kubva kure, inosimbisa kuti ndege yacho yakatarisana nenzvimbo chaiyo. Panhandare yendege yakaita seChicago O'Hare ine nzira sere dzekumhanya, kusimbiswa uku hakudiwi, asi chikamu chekutarisa kwekumhara kwendege.
Nhamba iyi inoshandawo sechidimbu chekutaurirana. Mutyairi wendege haatauri kuti "ari kusvika panhandare yendege inotarisa kumabvazuva." Vanoti "ndasvika panhandare yendege 09." Chiratidzo ichocho chine manhamba maviri chine ruzivo rwese rwunodiwa kuti mutyairi aronge mafambiro emota uye kuti mutyairi wendege arambe achiziva mamiriro ezvinhu pasina kujeka.
Nhamba dzinoonekwa pamadhayagiramu enhandare yendege, ma "approach plates", uye maitirwo emidziyo. Chati yega yega inotaridzwa nemutyairi wendege panguva yekudzika inosanganisira nhamba ye "runway" sechiratidzo chikuru. Kana mutyairi wendege akapfupisa nzira yekusvika, nhamba ye "runway" ndiyo ruzivo rwekutanga rwaanosimbisa maererano nemamiriro ekunze, divi remhepo, uye "runway" iri kushanda panzvimbo yauri kuenda.
Sisitimu iyi inoshanda nekuti nhamba yacho haimbofi yakangofanana. Ishanduro yakananga yemusoro wemagineti kuita label iyo mutyairi wese, murongi, nevashandi vepasi vanoverenga nenzira imwe chete. Kuenderana ikoko ndiko kunoita kuti sisitimu isaonekwe kana ichishanda uye isakwanise kupotsa kana ikashanda.
Nguva Inotevera Yauchaona Nhamba dzeRunway, Uchaziva
Sisitimu yemanhamba emunhandare yendege inomira kuva isinganzwisisike paunongobatanidza nhamba yega yega nemusoro wemagineti. Kungotarisa kamwe chete pamusuwo wenhandare yendege zvino kukuudza kuti wakatarisa kupi, 09 zvinoreva kumabvazuva, 27 zvinoreva kumadokero, uye dzimwe nhamba dzese dzinotevera nzira imwechete yekambasi pasina musiyano.
Ruzivo irworwo runochinja maverengero aunoita dhayagiramu yendege kana kuteerera kufona kwemutyairi wendege. Hauchaoni nhamba dzisina kurongeka dzakapendwa paasphalt. Unoona ratidziro chaiyo yekufamba-famba inoshanda nenzira imwechete panhandare yega yega yepasi, kubva pachikamu chidiki chedunhu kusvika kunzvimbo huru yepasi rose.
Tarisa nhamba dzendege dziri panhandare yendege yemuno mangwana. Verenga nhamba yacho wega. Sarudza nhamba, wedzera negumi, wobva waona kuti inoenda sei pakambasi. Sisitimu yacho ichaita zvine musoro nguva dzese.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve Runway Numbering Systems
Nhandare yendege inoverengwa sei?
Nhamba yerunway inotorwa kubva pamusoro wemagineti wepakati perunway, inoyerwa newachi kubva kurutivi rwekuchamhembe rwemagineti, inokamurwa negumi, yozotenderedzwa kusvika panhamba yakazara iri pedyo. Runway ine musoro wemagineti we092° inova Runway 09, nepo musoro we274° uchiva Runway 27.
Zvinorevei nhamba 9 ne27 panhandare yendege?
Nhamba mbiri dziri panhandare yendege dzinomiririra mafambiro akasiyana: Runway 09 inotarisa kumabvazuva ine 090° magnetic, uye Runway 27 inotarisa kumadokero ine 270° magnetic. Vatyairi vendege vanomhara paRunway 09 vari kufamba kumabvazuva, nepo avo vanomhara paRunway 27 vari kufamba kumadokero, kunyangwe nhamba dzichiita sedzakachinjika paruva rekambasi.
Chii chinoitika kana nzvimbo yekumhanyira ndege ikachinjwa nhamba?
Kana kuchamhembe kwemagnetic kuchinge kwava kutenderera zvakakwana kuti kuchinje kutungamira kwenhandare yendege nemadhigirii mashanu, vakuru venhandare yendege vanochinja nhamba dzenhandare yendege kuti dziratidze kutungamira kutsva. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nekugadziriswa kwemachati ese ekufambisa, maitiro ekushandisa zvishandiso, zviratidzo, uye ruzivo rwevatyairi, uye vatyairi vendege vakabhururuka vachienda kunhandare yendege iyoyo kwemakore vanofanirwa kudzidzirazve mepu yavo yepfungwa yenhandare yendege.
Kodhi 1 2 3 4 migwagwa yekumhanyira ndege chii?
Kodhi 1-2-3-4 inoreva Airport Reference Code (ARC), iyo inoronga nzira dzekumhanya nendege nehukuru nekumhanya kwendege dzavanogona kugara, kwete nehurongwa hwenhamba dzenzira dzekumhanya nendege. Mapoka eARC anotangira paA kusvika paE pakumhanya kwekusvika kwendege, uye manhamba echiRoma I kusvika VI emapapiro nenhendege, zvichiratidza kuti ndedzipi mhando dzendege dzinobvumirwa kushanda panzira iyoyo.
