Sei Aviation Radio Kukurukurirana Basics Zvine Basa
Kubhururuka kwendege kwakavakirwa pachokwadi-kwete mukubhururuka chete, asi mukukurukurirana. Kuvatyairi vendege vatsva, kudzidza kutaura nechivimbo uye zvakajeka paredhiyo kwakakosha sekudzidza kubhururutsa ndege pachayo. Ndosaka kugona kufambiswa kwenhepfenyuro neredhiyo zvekutanga ndeimwe yekutanga-uye inonyanya kukosha-unyanzvi hwevatyairi vevadzidzi vanofanira kukudziridza.
Kukurukurirana neredhiyo mundege hakusi kwekungotaura naye Air traffic control (ATC). Ndezvekuronga mafambiro, kudzivirira kubonderana, uye kuona kuti munhu wese ari mumhepo nepasi anogovera ruzivo rwakafanana rwemamiriro ezvinhu. Kusataura zvakanaka kunoita kuti vanhu vavhiringike. Kukurukurirana kwakajeka, kwakarongeka kunovaka chivimbo, kuchengeteka, uye kubudirira-kunyanya kune vanotanga kudzidza kushanda munzvimbo inodzorwa uye isingadzoreki.
Gwaro iri rinopaza zvinhu zvekutanga zveredhiyo yekutaurirana nendege: akajairwa mitsara, akajairwa ATC mazwi, maitiro ekufomatisa mafoni eredhiyo yako, uye mienzaniso chaiyo yepasirese iyo ichakubatsira iwe kunzwika senge pro kubva kune yako yekutanga kutapurirana. Kunyangwe uri kugadzirira yako kutanga kubhururuka uri wega kana kungoyedza kukunda mic kutya, gwara iri rawakafukidza.
Aviation Radio Communication Basics Inotsanangurwa
Papakati payo, kutaurirana neredhiyo inzira yakarongeka yevatyairi, vanodzora migwagwa yemhepo (ATC), uye vashandi vepasi kuti varongedze kufamba kwendege. Inoshandisa VHF (Very High Frequency) maredhiyo, anowanzo shanda muchikamu che118.000 kusvika 136.975 MHz, kufambisa akajeka, mameseji mapfupi pakati pevatyairi neshongwe dzeATC kana imwe ndege.
Wese mutyairi wendege akadzidziswa kushanda pane chaiwo mafrequency epasi, shongwe, ATIS, kubva, uye enroute kutaurirana. Aya mafambiro anosiyana neairport uye anoburitswa muchikamu machati uye maapplication ekufambisa.
Misimboti mitatu yakakosha inotsanangura kutaurirana kweredhiyo kunoshanda:
- kutsanangurika -Taura nenzira yakajeka, yakamisikidzwa mazwi. Dzivisa slang kana filler.
- Brevity – Taura chete zvinodiwa. Mafambiro akareba anovhara ma frequency.
- Readback - Dzokorora mirairo yakakosha (sekubvumidzwa kana kubata mapfupi maodha) kuratidza kunzwisisa.
Kudzidza zvekutanga nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo zvekutanga kunobatsira vatyairi vendege kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemamiriro ezvinhu, kudzivirira kupinda munzira, uye kuvaka kuvimba neATC-kunyanya mumigwagwa yepamusoro kana Kirasi C uye B nzvimbo yemhepo.
Common Aviation Radio Terms uye Zvazvinoreva
Kudzidzira nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yekurukurirano yekutanga kunotanga nekunzwisisa mazwi akajairwa uye zvazvinoreva chaizvo mukubhururuka:
- Kusimbisa - Hongu.
- Negative - Kwete.
- Roger -Mharidzo yakagamuchirwa (kwete mvumo kana chibvumirano).
- wilco -Kutevedzera (Ndinonzwisisa uye ndichazviita).
- Mira ne – Wait; Ndichadzoka kwauri munguva pfupi.
Mirayiridzo miviri isingawanzo kunzwisiswa:
- "Yakacheneswa kusimuka" -Unopihwa mvumo yekupinda munzira uye kuenda.
- “Mirai mumire” - Taxi panzvimbo panzira uye bata-kwete yakabviswa kuti iende.
Mune traffic traffic, iwe uchanzwa:
- Crosswind – Gumbo perpendicular kusimuka mushure mekusimuka.
- Downwind -Kubhururuka wakafanana kune mugwagwa wakatarisana nekumhara.
- hwaro - 90-degree tendeuka kubva pasi pemhepo wakananga kunzira yekumhanya.
- Final - Gumbo rekupedzisira rakanangana nenzira yekumhara.
Izvi ndizvo zvinovaka zvekutaurirana mune yese traffic traffic. Kuaziva—uye kuashandisa zvakarurama—idanho rokutanga pakutaura somutyairi wendege.
Phraseology: Aviation Radio Kukurukurirana Basics yeVadzidzi
Radio phraseology imhando yakamisikidzwa inoita kuti kutaurirana kurambe kuchienderana kune vese vatyairi vezvikepe uye vanodzora mhepo. Kune vatyairi vendege vevadzidzi, kugona chimiro cheredhiyo runhare kunobvisa fungidziro uye kunokubatsira kuti unzwe uchigona — kunyangwe uchiri mutsva.
Iyo yakajairwa redhiyo yekufona fomati inotevera iyi 3-chikamu chimiro:
Ndiani wauri kudaidza, ndiwe ani, zvaunoda
Muenzaniso wevhu:
"Daytona Ground, Cessna 172AB, parampu, yakagadzirira tekisi ine ruzivo Alpha."
Muenzaniso weshongwe:
"Daytona Tower, Cessna 172AB, yakabata nguva pfupi yeRunway 25L, yagadzirira kusimuka."
Muenzaniso wekubva:
"Orlando Kusimuka, Cessna 172AB, 1,000 inokwira 2,500, Runway yakananga."
Izvi zvinotevera maitiro akafanana:
- Chiratidzo chekufona uye nzvimbo
- Chikumbiro kana chinzvimbo
- ATIS kana urefu (kana zvichidikanwa)
Kana usina chokwadi chekutaura, teerera kune vamwe vatyairi vendege pane frequency uye motevedzera kufona kwako mushure meavo. Kuvimba kunobva mukudzokorora, kwete kukwana. Kudzidzira aya mafomati akajairwa chikamu chakakosha chekuvaka yakasimba avhiyesheni redhiyo yekutaurirana mabhesisheni.
Kunzwisisa ATC Mirayiridzo uye Maitiro Ekupindura
Kana uchinge watumira, danho rinotevera rakakosha zvakafanana: kuteerera uye kupindura nemazvo. Yese mirairo kubva kuATC inofanirwa kuteverwa nekuverenga kwakaringana-kunyanya kana ichisanganisira kucheneswa, kukwirisa, misoro, kana runway assignments.
Mienzaniso yemhinduro dzakarurama:
- ATC: "Cessna 172AB, tekisi kuenda Runway 25L kuburikidza neAlpha."
- Iwe: "Taxi kuenda kuRunway 25L kuburikidza neAlpha, Cessna 172AB."
- ATC: "Cessna 172AB, yakabvisirwa kusimuka Runway 25L."
- Iwe: "Yakacheneswa kusimuka Runway 25L, Cessna 172AB."
Munzvimbo dzendege dzinodzorwa, unogashira mirairo yakajeka-nhanho. Muminda isingadzoreki, iwe une basa rekuita mafoni enzvimbo senge:
"Cedar Key traffic, Cessna 172AB, ichipinda kuruboshwe pasi Runway 23, Cedar Key."
Uye kana mafrequency akabatikana, dzivisa kutsika pamatapu. Mirira kuzorora usati waisa maikorofoni. Kana usina chokwadi, shandisa “Taura zvakare” kana “Hatina kukwanisa” kujekesa.
Vatyairi vendege vanowanzo omesa nechando vachimanikidzwa, asi kuziva mapinduriro chikamu chezvakasimba zveredhiyo zvekutaurirana zvekutanga. Hazvisi zvekunzwika zvakakwana - ndezvekugara wakachengeteka, zviri pamutemo, uye zvakajeka.
Aviation Radio Kukurukurirana Zvikanganiso Zvokudzivisa
Kunyange vatyairi vendege vane ruzivo vanopota vachitsvedza paredhiyo-asi kune vatyairi vendege vanodzidza nezveredhiyo redhiyo yekukurukurirana mabhesiro, zvakanyanya kukosha kudzivirira kutadza kwakajairika. Kukanganisa pamaikorofoni kunogona kutungamirira mukusataurirana, kurasikirwa nemvumo, kana kuipa—kubhururuka kusingachengeteke.
Heano makuru zvikanganiso zvekutarisira:
Kutsika pane mamwe ma transmissions: Izvi zvinoitika kana vatyairi vaviri vachitumira panguva imwe chete. Zvakaguma nei? Musanganiswa unokwenya, usingaverengeki weodhiyo. Kuti udzivise izvi, gara wambomira uye teerera usati wadzvanya bhatani rekudzvanya-ku-kutaura.
Kunyanya kutaurirana kana kutamba: Nguva yeredhiyo inogoverwa. Tsananguro dzenguva refu kana mitsara isina kufanira inonotsa munhu wese pasi. Shandisa standard phraseology uye namatira papfundo. Panzvimbo yekuti "Mhoroi, ehe, ndave kuda kukwira tekisi izvozvi," taura, "Macon Ground, Cessna 738X, parampu, yagadzirira tekisi."
Kushandisa mutauro usiri wakajairika: Dzivisa kungotaurawo zvako sekuti “Zvakanaka,” “ndazvinzwa,” kana kuti “zvakanaka.” Ramba ne "roger," "affirmative," "wilco," uye mamwe maitiro emhinduro. Inonzwika zvakanyanya hunyanzvi-uye inochengeta kutaurirana kunoenderana neATC tarisiro.
Kusateerera ndisati waisa maikorofoni: Gara uchitarisa frequency kwechinguva usati watumira. Izvi zvinoratidza kuziva kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye zvinova nechokwadi chekuti hausi kukanganisa kana kukonzera kusangana pa frequency.
Kunzvenga zvikanganiso izvi chikamu chikuru chekugona kufambiswa kweredhiyo yekutaurirana, kunyanya munzvimbo yemhepo yakabatikana kana kutenderedza nhandare dzendege.
Maitiro eKudzidzira Aviation Radio Kukurukurirana Basics Zvinobudirira
Nzira yakanakisa yekuita zvirinani paredhiyo comms iri nyore: dzidzira kunze kwemba yevatyairi. Haufanire kunge uchikwira ndege kuti uvandudze hunyanzvi hwako—maturusi mazhinji akanakisa ekudzidza haabhadharwi uye anowanikwa kumba.
Heano maitiro ekuvaka kutsetseka mune avhiyesheni redhiyo kutaurirana mabhesisheni:
Simulators ane mhenyu ATC: Mapuratifomu akafanana PilotEdge uye VATSIM kubvumira iwe kubhururuka nechaiyo-nguva ATC kutaurirana munzvimbo inofananidzwa. Izvi zvakanakisa kudzidzira pasi pekumanikidzwa uye kushandisa chaiyo phraseology munguva chaiyo-nguva.
Teerera kune chaiyo-yenyika ATC: Shanyira LiveATC.net kuti unzwe live transmissions kubva kunhandare dzendege kutenderera pasirese. Sarudza shongwe yaunoziva, wozoteerera pasi, shongwe, uye svika kune vanodzora. Cherechedza matauriro anoita vamwe vatyairi vendege, cadence, uye kuti vatongi vanotaura sei zvibvumirano.
Dzidzira zvinonzwika: Gara neyakadhindwa yetraffic pateni kana hurongwa hwendege uye taura kuburikidza nechikamu chimwe nechimwe: pasi, shongwe, kusimuka, nezvimwe. Roleplay semutyairi uye ATC. Izvi zvinovaka mhasuru ndangariro uye chivimbo neyakajairwa callouts.
Joinha mapoka ezvidzidzo kana kutsvaga chipangamazano: Vazhinji vatyairi vendege vevadzidzi vanobatana kuti vatevedzere mafoni eredhiyo kana kuita zvibodzwa zvemacomms. Kunyangwe maminetsi mashanu pazuva anogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kutsetsenura kwako.
Kudzidzira nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yekurukurirano yekutanga hakudi nguva yekubhururuka-kungoenderana, maturusi akakodzera, uye kuda kunzwika zvisina kunaka pakutanga. Wese pro pilot akatanga ipapo.
mhedziso
Kukurukurirana kwakajeka, kuine chivimbo kwakakosha sekutonga kwendege — uye kuvatyairi vendege, kudzidza mutauro wemudenga kunotanga nekunzwisisa hwaro hwekutaura neredhiyo.
Kubva pane yako yekutanga kufona tekisi kuenda kune yakaoma shongwe mirairo panguva yekuyambuka-nyika nendege, meseji yese yaunotumira (uye kugamuchira) inoita basa rakananga mukuchengetedza nzvimbo yemhepo yakachengeteka, yakarongeka, uye inoshanda. Hazvisi zvekungo “kunzwika somutyairi wendege”—ndezvokunzwisiswa panguva dzinonyanya kukosha.
Nekudzidza yakajairwa zvirevo, kudzidzira nemienzaniso yepasirese, uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso zveredhiyo zvakajairika, iwe unovaka humwe hunyanzvi hwakadzikiswa mukubhururuka nendege: kutaurirana kwehunyanzvi. Paunowedzera kutsetsenura paredhiyo, unowedzera kuva nechivimbo uye kukwanisa kwaunonzwa uri mukoti.
Kunyangwe uri kugadzirira wega, kufambisa mhepo yeKirasi C, kana kungoyedza kukurira kutya kwemamic, kugona kufambiswa kwemashoko neredhiyo nendege ndiyo hwaro hweizwi remutyairi wese ari mudenga.
Aviation Radio Kukurukurirana Basics - FAQ Chikamu
Ndeipi chiyero chefomati yekufona paredhiyo semutyairi wendege?
Mamiriro akajairwa munhaurirano dzeredhiyo dzendege ndeidzi: [Uri kufonera ani], [Ndiwe ani], [Kwauri], [Zvaunoda]. Semuenzaniso: "Orlando Ground, Cessna 172AB, parampu, yakagadzirira tekisi ine ruzivo Bravo."
Ndinotaura sei neATC kana ndisinganzwisisi mirairo yavo?
Kana iwe usina chokwadi nezve zvakataurwa, icho chikamu chendege redhiyo yekutaurirana mabhesikoro ekukumbira kujekeswa. Ingoti, "Taura zvakare," kana "Hazvigone, kumbira dzokorora." Vadzori vakadzidziswa kubatsira vatyairi vendege — kunyanya vadzidzi — kugara vakachengeteka uye vaine ruzivo.
Ini ndinofanira kushandisa nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo kutaurirana panhandare dzisina shongwe?
Ehe. Nepo pasina ATC, nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo yekutaurirana ichiri kushanda. Vatyairi vendege vanoshandisa CTAF (Common Traffic Advisory Frequency) kuzvizivisa wega chinzvimbo uye zvinangwa: "Cedar Creek traffic, Cessna 738X, ichipinda kuruboshwe pasi Runway 16."
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peroger, wilco, uye affirmative?
Mundege redhiyo yekutaurirana nheyo, temu yega yega ine chirevo chaicho:
- Roger = Mharidzo yakagamuchirwa
- wilco = Zvichaenderana
- Kusimbisa = Hongu
Kuzvishandisa nemazvo kunovimbisa kujeka neATC nevamwe vatyairi vendege.
Ini ndingadzidzire avhiyesheni redhiyo kutaurirana mabhesisheni kumba?
Zvamazvirokwazvo. Kudzidzira maturusi ekukurukurirana neredhiyo kumba uchishandisa maturusi akaita seLiveATC.net, masimulator endege ane ATC mhenyu, kana kuita seanomuperekedza kunovaka kutsetsenura uye kusatya usati wapinda muimba yevatyairi.
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve maitiro ekushandura rezenisi rezenisi rekunze mumatanho mana.
