Kodi Woyang'anira Magalimoto A Ndege Amachita Chiyani? Ntchito Yeniyeni Yoposa Chinsalu cha Radar

Mawu pa wailesi akumveka bata. Pafupifupi atatopa. Koma kumbuyo kwa kamvekedwe kokhazikikako, wowongolera akutsatira ndege zingapo pa radar screen, kutanthauzira momwe nyengo ikuyendera, ndikupanga zisankho zomwe zimateteza anthu mazana ambiri. Mafotokozedwe ambiri amathera pa "kulankhula ndi ndege." Zimenezo zimaphonya ntchito yonse. Kulankhulana ndi zotsatira zooneka za njira yodziwira zinthu nthawi zonse: kufufuza, kulosera, kuthetsa mikangano isanayambe.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zonse zokhudza zomwe ATC imachita. Si mtundu wosavuta. Ntchito yeniyeni yogwira ntchito m'mabwalo, m'magalimoto a TRACON, komanso m'malo oimika magalimoto. Chithunzi cha malipiro chomwe anthu ambiri amachitsatira sichikudziwika. Ndipo lingaliro lolakwika lomwe limapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo imveke yosavuta kuposa momwe ilili.

Kodi ATC Imachita Chiyani? Udindo Waukulu Utanthauziridwa

Woyang'anira kayendedwe ka ndege (ATC) ndi munthu amene ali ndi udindo wogwirizanitsa kayendetsedwe ka ndege mkati mwa mlengalenga wolamulidwa kuti asunge mtunda wotetezeka pakati pawo. Udindo umodzi, kulekanitsa, kumayendetsa chilolezo chilichonse choperekedwa, vekitala iliyonse yoperekedwa, ndi chilichonse choperekedwa. Ntchito si yolankhulana. Ndi yokhudza kuonetsetsa kuti ndege ziwiri sizidzakhala mumlengalenga womwewo nthawi imodzi.

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti udindowu ndi wa woyendetsa wailesi. Zoona zake n'zosiyana. Woyang'anira nthawi zambiri amakhala akuyang'ana pazenera la radar, akupanga chithunzi cha magalimoto omwe akuyenda mtunda wautali mbali zonse.

Amapereka zilolezo kutengera chithunzicho. Amayendera ndege kuti apewe mikangano. Amatsata kufika kwa ndege zingapo kuti ndege zingapo zifike motsatirana bwino. Amagawa ulamuliro pakati pa magawo. Zotsatira zake zimamveka zosavuta. Kuzindikira komwe kuli kumbuyo kwake sikokwanira.

Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yovuta kufotokoza ndichakuti zida ndi malo amasintha kutengera komwe wowongolerayo amagwira ntchito. Wowongolera nsanja amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owonera ndi radar ya pamwamba. Wowongolera wa TRACON amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana ya radar yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri kufika ndi kuchoka. Wowongolera paulendo amayang'anira magalimoto m'makilomita mazana ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya ndege ndi radar yakutali. Ntchito yayikulu, kulekanitsa, sikusintha. Koma momwe zimachitikira zimasiyana kwambiri. Kusinthaku ndichifukwa chake kayendedwe ka ndege yapangidwa momwe ilili.

Kumvetsa zomwe ATC imachita kumatanthauza kumvetsetsa kuti kulekana ndi chinthu chosasintha ndipo china chilichonse ndi nkhani yake. Woyang'anira pa nsanja yaying'ono ndi wowongolera pa malo akuluakulu oyendetsera ntchito akuchita zomwezo ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. Kuti muwone bwino ntchitoyo, Mbiri ya Bureau of Labor Statistics imapereka poyambira kothandiza.

Nsanja, TRACON, Panjira: Kumene Olamulira Amagwirira Ntchito Kwenikweni

Mitundu itatu ya malo omwe owongolera amagwira ntchito siisinthana. Iliyonse imafuna luso losiyana komanso mtundu wosiyana wa kuyang'ana. Kumvetsetsa komwe wowongolera amakhala kumasintha momwe mumamvetsetsa zomwe atc imachita.

Kulamulira Nsanja: Dziko Looneka

Oyang'anira nsanja ali ndi malo oyendetsera ndege ndi magalimoto a taxi. Amadalira mzere wowonera, ma binoculars, ndi mawonekedwe a ndege mwachindunji. Kulekanitsa mawonekedwe ndi chida chachikulu apa. Woyang'anira nsanja amatsegula 737 kuti inyamuke pamene akuyang'ana Cessna ikudutsa pakhomo kumbuyo kwake.

TRACON: Kupatsirana kwa Radar

Oyang'anira ndege a Terminal Radar Approach Control amasamalira kufika ndi kuchoka mkati mwa makilomita pafupifupi 50 kuchokera ku eyapoti. Oyang'anira ndegewa saona ndegezo.

Amaonera zinthu zosokoneza pa radar screen ndipo magalimoto amayenda motsatira dongosolo. Ulendo wochokera ku eyapoti yayikulu umaperekedwa kwa woyang'anira magalimoto a ndege pa sitima ya TRACON patangopita mphindi zochepa kuchokera pamene ndegeyo yanyamuka. Liwiro lake ndi losalekeza. Ndege zambiri zimakumana kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndipo wolamulira amawaphatikiza kukhala mtsinje umodzi kuti afike kumapeto.

Pakati pa Njira: Msewu Wautali Kwambiri

Oyang'anira njira amayendetsa magalimoto pakati pa mizinda pamalo okwera kwambiri. Ndege yochokera ku New York kupita ku Chicago imadutsa m'magawo atatu kapena anayi m'njira. Woyang'anira gawo lililonse amawunika thambo, amatumiza kusintha kwa mtunda, ndikupatsa ndegeyo gawo lina. Ntchitoyi ndi yanzeru osati yaukadaulo.

Lingaliro Lolakwika Loti Olamulira Amangolankhula ndi Ndege

Anthu ambiri samvetsa zomwe wolamulira wa ndege amachita chifukwa chotulutsa mawu chokhacho chomwe chimawonekera ndi mawu. Mawu odekha pa wailesi omwe amasintha mutu kapena kutsika amaoneka osavuta. Kuwona pamwamba pa ndege ndi komwe kumayambira malingaliro olakwika.

Chisokonezo chikupitirira chifukwa ntchitoyo ikuwoneka ngati kukambirana. Woyendetsa ndege akunena zinazake, wowongolerayo akuyankha. Zimenezo zimamveka ngati zachilendo. Aliyense amene wagwiritsa ntchito wailesi ya mbali ziwiri amaganiza kuti akumvetsa ntchitoyo. Koma wailesi ndi gawo lomaliza mu njira yomwe siimaima.

Pamaso: Mawonekedwe olakwika amaona wowongolera ngati woyendetsa wailesi yemwe amapereka malangizo. Woyendetsa ndege akupempha kuti akwere pang'ono. Wowongolerayo amawerenganso malo olowera. Kusinthana kumatenga masekondi khumi. Lingaliro ndilakuti wowongolerayo adamva pempho ndipo adayankha ndi lamulo lokumbukiridwa. Ntchitoyo ikuwoneka ngati yolankhula.

Pambuyo pake: Ntchito yeniyeni ndi kukonza zinthu nthawi zonse. Ngakhale kuti woyang'anirayo anayankha pempho la kutalika, analinso kuyang'ana radar kuti awone ngati pali zolinga zolumikizana, kuyang'ana momwe nyengo ikubwerera m'mphepete mwa sikirini, ndikuyang'ana m'maganizo atatu otsatira.

Yankho lolankhulidwa linali zotsatira za chisankho chomwe chinaganizira za kulekana, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, ndi malire a chitetezo. Kulankhulana ndi zotsatira za chisankho chovuta, osati ntchito yokha. Ntchitoyi ndi yoyang'anira Air Traffic Control Communications ndege zambiri nthawi imodzi, ndipo chilichonse chimanyamula miyoyo yambiri mlengalenga.

Kusiyana kumeneku n'kofunika chifukwa kumasintha momwe ntchitoyo iyenera kumvetsetsedwera komanso kulemekezedwa. Wolamulira amene amamveka bata pa wailesi sakusintha mosavuta. Akuchita ntchito yozindikira yofunika kwambiri pamene akuipangitsa kuti iwoneke yosavuta. Mawu omwe mumamva ndi mfundo yooneka ya njira yosaoneka. Kuti muwone bwino momwe dongosolo limagwirira ntchito kumbuyo kwa mawu odekha amenewo, momwe kayendetsedwe ka magalimoto a ndege kamagwirira ntchito amafotokoza magawo ogwirira ntchito omwe wailesi simawulula.

Kodi ATC Imapanga Ndalama Zambiri? Chithunzi cha Malipiro

Malipilo ndi funso lomwe aliyense amafuna kuti liyankhe akafufuza zomwe ATC imachita. Yankho lalifupi ndi inde, koma chithunzi chenicheni chimadalira komwe mumagwira ntchito komanso nthawi yomwe mwakhala kumeneko.

Malipiro amasiyana kwambiri pa mitundu itatu ya malo opangira zinthu. Oyang'anira nsanja m'mabwalo a ndege ang'onoang'ono amapeza ndalama zochepa poyerekeza ndi anzawo m'malo akuluakulu. Oyang'anira TRACON ndi omwe ali panjira amasamalira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto komanso zovuta zambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti malipiro awo ndi okwera.

Mulingo wa malipiro a olamulira aboma umakhazikitsidwa motsatira zovuta za malo ndi kusintha kwa malo. Woyang'anira pamalo otanganidwa kwambiri ngati amene ali ku Leesburg, Virginia amapeza ndalama zambiri kuposa wowongolera pa nsanja yaying'ono kumidzi ya Montana.

Malipiro a nthawi yowonjezera ndi ma shift amawonjezera kwambiri malipiro oyambira. Oyang'anira omwe amagwira ntchito usiku, kumapeto kwa sabata, komanso maholide amalandira ndalama zapamwamba. Bureau of Labor Statistics ikutsimikizira kuti malipiro apakati ndi amodzi mwa apamwamba kwambiri pantchito zomwe sizifuna digiri ya zaka zinayi. Chovuta ndi ntchito zomwe zimafunika. Malipiro apamwamba amabwera ndi nthawi yowonjezera yokakamiza, kusinthana kwa ntchito, komanso kupsinjika maganizo komwe kumagwirizana ndi ntchito zina zochepa.

Anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zambiri m'malo otanganidwa kwambiri amapeza ndalama zisanu ndi chimodzi mosavuta. Malipiro amenewo amasonyeza mtengo wa cholakwika chomwe chimayesedwa m'miyoyo, osati ndalama. Kusintha kwa malo kumawonjezera gawo lina. Oyang'anira m'mizinda yokwera mtengo monga New York kapena San Francisco amalandira ndalama zambiri kuposa ogwira nawo ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito yofanana m'madera otsika mtengo.

Ndani Amalandira Malipiro Ambiri, ATC kapena Pilot?

Ntchito zonsezi zimapereka mwayi wopeza ndalama zambiri, koma njira zolipirira sizingakhale zosiyana kwambiri. Funso loti ndani amalandira ndalama zambiri limadalira momwe mumaonera kukhazikika poyerekeza ndi kukwera, komanso komwe muli pantchito iliyonse.

Woyang'anira magalimoto a ndege amagwira ntchito mkati mwa mulingo wa malipiro a boma, ndipo malipiro ake amatengera kuuma kwa malo ogwira ntchito komanso nthawi yomwe amagwira ntchito. Kusiyana kwa nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi kusintha kwa ntchito kumawonjezera phindu, ndipo owongolera nthawi zambiri amafika pamwamba pa malipiro awo mkati mwa zaka khumi. Kusinthaku ndi mtunda wovuta wopezera ndalama, palibe equity, palibe mabhonasi ogwira ntchito, palibe njira yopitira chaka cha nambala 7.

Woyendetsa ndege amalandira malipiro a ndege pa ola limodzi, ndipo mitengo yake imakwera kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa ndege komanso nthawi yomwe ndegeyo imagwira ntchito. Ndalama zolipirira ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimawonjezera ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma oyendetsa ndege amalipidwa pokhapokha injini zikugwira ntchito. Zabwino zake ndi zenizeni, akuluakulu oyendetsa ndege m'makampani akuluakulu amatha kupeza ndalama zambiri kuposa woyang'anira aliyense, koma njira yopezera ndalamayo imatenga zaka khumi ndi zisanu mpaka makumi awiri kumanga nthawi yayitali ndikukweza ndege zazikulu.

Olamulira amapambana chifukwa cha liwiro la malipiro apamwamba komanso kudziwiratu nthawi yomwe adzagwire ntchito. Wowongolera ndege amapeza ndalama zambiri pa nthawi yomwe woyendetsa ndege amafika pampando wakumanzere wa ndege yopapatiza. Oyendetsa ndege akapambana padenga lopanda kanthu, kaputeni wamkulu woyendetsa ndege yopapatiza amalandira ndalama zambiri kuposa wowongolera aliyense mu dongosololi.

Kwa munthu amene amaona kuti mfundo zake ndi zomveka bwino udindo wa olamulira magalimoto amlengalenga Ndi njira yodziwika bwino yolipira, njira ya ATC ndiyo njira yanzeru kwambiri. Kwa munthu amene akufuna kusinthana ndi malipiro ochepa kwa zaka khumi kuti apeze mwayi wapamwamba, njira yoyesera imatsegula khomo lalikulu.

Woyang'anira chaka choyamba pa fakitale yovuta kwambiri amapeza ndalama zambiri kuposa mkulu woyamba wa chaka choyamba pa kampani yonyamula katundu ya m'deralo. Kusiyana kumeneku kumachepa pakapita nthawi, koma woyang'anirayo amapeza ndalama zambiri pamene woyendetsa ndegeyo anali kugwirabe ntchito maola ambiri.

Udindo wa ATC mu Ntchito za Ndege za Tsiku ndi Tsiku

Ulendo wochokera ku New York kupita ku Chicago si ulendo umodzi wolamulidwa ndi munthu mmodzi. Ndi mpikisano wobwerezabwereza pakati pa olamulira atatu osiyanasiyana omwe sawona ndegeyo koma amaisunga bwino pagawo lililonse. Udindo wa ATC ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndege zikuyenda bwino, mwadongosolo, komanso mwachangu. Izi zimagawika m'zigawo zitatu zomwe zimafotokoza chilichonse chomwe wowongolera amachita.

Kulekana ndiye maziko osakambirana. Wowongolera ndege amasiyanitsa ndege malinga ndi mtunda ndi kutalika, pogwiritsa ntchito radar yobwerera ndi mizere yoyendera ndege kuti apewe mikangano. Kutsata ndondomeko kumatsatira, kuyitanitsa kufika ndi kuchoka kuti ndege zifike m'malo osiyanasiyana omwe akugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa msewu wonyamulira ndege. Chidziwitso chimamaliza gulu la ndege zitatu: zosintha za nyengo, upangiri wa magalimoto, ndi momwe ndege zimayendera kuti apange zisankho.

Taganizirani za ulendo wa ndege wochokera ku New York kupita ku Chicago. Woyang'anira nsanjayo amachotsa chipata ndikupita ku bwalo la ndege, akuyang'ana zopinga. Masekondi angapo pambuyo poti ndege yanyamuka, wowongolera wa TRACON amatenga udindo, akuyendetsa ndegeyo kudzera mumlengalenga wodzaza mozungulira dera la metro. Kenako wowongolera paulendo amatenga udindo, kuyang'anira ndegeyo pamalo okwera kwambiri kudutsa mizere ya boma, kuigawa m'magawo ndi magawo mpaka itayamba kutsika ku Chicago. Wowongolera aliyense amagwira ntchito ndi cholinga chomwecho koma zida zosiyanasiyana, zizindikiro zowoneka, ma radar scope, ndi machitidwe oyendetsa ndege zomwe zimawonetsa deta ya ndege.

Wokwerayo akumva mawu odekha akusintha mutu. Chomwe sakuwona ndi chowongolera chomwe chikuyang'ana pazenera la radar kuti chiwone ngati pali nkhondo yotsatira, kuyang'ana momwe nyengo ikuyendera, ndikukonzekera momwe ndege zidzafikire kwa mphindi khumi patsogolo. Kulankhulana ndiye zotsatira zomaliza za njira yomwe siimaima.

Mawu odekha amenewo ndi zotsatira za zaka zambiri zodziwika bwino.. Olamulira amaphunzira kuwerenga radar momwe wosewera chess amawerengera bolodi, akuwona ziwopsezo ndi mwayi asanayambe kupangidwa mokwanira.

Zomwe Zimafunika Kuti Mukhale Woyang'anira Magalimoto Amlengalenga

Njira yolowera pantchitoyi ndi yopapatiza komanso yosakhululuka. Bungwe la FAA limalamulira omwe angapeze mwayi, ndipo zofunikira zimasankha anthu ambiri omwe akufuna ntchito asanalembe ntchito.

• Malire a zaka. Bungwe la FAA siliphunzitsa aliyense amene walembedwa ntchito atatha zaka makumi atatu ndi chimodzi, lamulo logwirizana ndi zaka zopuma pantchito zokakamiza za zaka makumi asanu ndi chimodzi.
• Maphunziro kapena zokumana nazo. Digiri ya bachelor imakwaniritsa zofunikira, koma zaka zitatu zogwira ntchito nthawi zonse zimayenereranso.
• Chilolezo cha zachipatala. Kuyezetsa kwachipatala kwa Giredi II kumayesa masomphenya, kumva, ndi thanzi la maganizo, vuto lililonse losayenerera limathetsa fomu yofunsira.
• Sukulu ya FAA. Olembera opambana amapita ku pulogalamu yophunzitsira ya miyezi ingapo ku FAA Academy ku Oklahoma City, kuphunzira njira zoyendetsera radar ndi malamulo a mlengalenga.
• Maphunziro a malo. Pambuyo pa Academy, ophunzira amapita ku malo omwe adapatsidwa ntchito kwa miyezi ingapo akuphunzitsidwa kuntchito motsogozedwa ndi mphunzitsi wovomerezeka.
• Chitsimikizo. Kupambana mayeso omaliza a luso ndikupeza chiphaso cha malo ndikofunikira musanagwire ntchito yodziyimira payokha.

The Njira yophunzitsira za FAA Cholinga chake ndi kulepheretsa anthu ambiri ofuna ntchito. Bungweli limalemba anthu ochepa okha omwe akufuna ntchito chifukwa ntchitoyi singathe kulekerera zinthu zopanda pake.

Aliyense amene akuganizira za ntchito imeneyi ayenera kufufuza mtengo wophunzitsira oyang'anira magalimoto amlengalenga Kuyika ndalama mu nthawi ndi ndalama zomwe zatayika panthawi yophunzira n'kofunika kwambiri, ndipo mwayi woti mupambane suli bwino kwa inu.

Lamulo la zaka limadabwitsa anthu ambiri. Kukwanitsa zaka makumi atatu ndi ziwiri FAA isanagwiritse ntchito fomu yanu kumathetsa ulendowu kwamuyaya. Palibe zosiyana ndi zomwe zilipo pazochitika zakale za usilikali kapena madigiri apamwamba.

Kukanidwa kwa dokotala kumachitika kawirikawiri kuposa momwe ofunsira amayembekezera. Kusawona bwino mtundu, mankhwala ena operekedwa ndi dokotala, komanso mbiri ya chithandizo cha matenda amisala zimatha kuthetsa vutoli lisanayambe. FAA imafalitsa mndandanda wonse wa zinthu zomwe sizingayenerere, ndipo aliyense woyenerera ayenera kuwunikanso asanalembetse.

Nthawi Yotsatira Mukayenda Panyanja, Kumbukirani Mawu Akumbuyo kwa Wailesi

Mawu odekha amenewo pa wailesi ndi zotsatira za makina omwe okwera ambiri samawaona. Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe ATC imachita: wowongolera samangolankhula, amamanga chitsanzo chamaganizo cha ndege iliyonse yomwe ili mkati mwa makilomita, kuwerengera kulekanitsa, ndikupanga zisankho zomwe sizisiya malo olakwika.

Kuzindikira kusinthasintha kumeneku kumasintha momwe mumamvera mawu amenewo. Nthawi ina ndege ikatsekedwa pafupi ndi msewu wolowera ndege kapena kuzunguliridwa ndi nyengo, kuchedwa sikutanthauza kuti dongosololi lalephera. Ndi dongosolo lomwe likugwira ntchito momwe linapangidwira, ndi munthu amene amaona zomwe simungathe. Mvetserani mosiyana paulendo wanu wotsatira. Mawu okhazikika amenewo ndi mawu a munthu amene akuyang'anira chisokonezo nthawi yeniyeni. Ntchitoyo imayenera kuganiziridwa kwambiri kuposa kungoganizira chabe. Iyenera ulemu.