ⓘ TL;DR
- FAA sikutanthauza masomphenya angwiro osakonzedwa. Muyezo wake ndi wakuti 20/20 yokonzedwa mu diso lililonse kwa kalasi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, ndi 20/40 kwa kalasi yachitatu.
- Magalasi ndi zolumikizirana nazo ndizololedwa kwathunthuSatifiketi ya zachipatala ili ndi malire akuti "muyenera kuvala magalasi owongolera", koma sichikulepheretsani ntchito yanu.
- Matenda ambiri "osayenerera", kuphatikizapo kuwona monocular, khungu losawona bwino, ndi glaucoma, khalani ndi njira yapadera yoperekeraWokana ntchitoyo akulephera kutsatira njira yopezera zikalata.
- LASIK ndi PRK sizithetsa ntchitoNthawi zambiri amathandiza oyendetsa ndege kukwaniritsa muyezo, bola ngati FAA ipeza zolemba za pre-op ndi post-op komanso nthawi yokhazikika.
- Lowani mu nthawi yanu yokonzekera ya AME. Dziwani mankhwala anu, dziwani kalasi yanu ya satifiketi, ndipo bweretsani magalasi anu owongolera. Mayeso si chopinga. Kulowa osakonzekera ndiko vuto.
M'ndandanda wazopezekamo
Zofunikira pa masomphenya a oyendetsa ndege ndizotheka kwambiri kuposa momwe mantha omwe amawazungulira amasonyezera, ndipo kudziwa bwino zomwe FAA imayesa kumasintha momwe mumakonzekera mayeso anu azachipatala.
Vuto lenileni si muyezo wokhawo. Ndi mfundo zabodza zomwe zimawatsimikizira oyendetsa ndege omwe akufuna kukhala oyendetsa ndege kuti akufunikira masomphenya angwiro osakonzedwa kapena kuti mayeso amodzi olephera amathetsa ntchito yawo. Palibenso zoona.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza miyezo yeniyeni ya masomphenya akutali, pafupi, komanso apakatikati a FAA pa kalasi iliyonse ya satifiketi ya zachipatala. Mudzaphunzira matenda a maso omwe amachititsa kuti muwunikenso mozama, momwe opaleshoni yokonza imakhudzira kuyenerera kwanu, komanso zomwe muyenera kubweretsa ku nthawi yanu yokumana ndi dokotala wa AME. Pamapeto pake, mudzadziwa ngati masomphenya anu akuyenerera komanso zomwe mungachite ngati sakuyenerera.
Muyezo wa Masomphenya a FAA Omwe Oyendetsa Magalimoto Ochepa Amamvetsetsa
Zofunikira pa masomphenya a oyendetsa ndege ndi chipata choyezedwa chokhala ndi miyeso yeniyeni. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti ndi ochepa okha omwe amadziwa miyeso imeneyo.
Malamulo a Federal Aviation amafuna kuti maso akutali a 20/20 kapena kupitirira apo m'diso lililonse padera kuti munthu alandire satifiketi yachipatala ya kalasi yoyamba kapena yachiwiri. Muyezo uwu umagwira ntchito ngakhale mutakonza kapena ayi. FAA sisamala momwe mungafikire 20/20, koma kuti mufike pamenepo.
Kuwona bwino kumayesedwa pa mainchesi 16 ndi muyezo wa 20/40 mu diso lililonse padera. Oyendetsa ndege azaka 50 kapena kuposerapo amakumana ndi vuto lina muyezo wa masomphenya apakati pa mainchesi 32, komanso 20/40 kapena kupitirira apo. Mapu awa amalunjika ku zida zowerengera, machati, ndi zowonetsera za cockpit.
Kusiyana pakati pa satifiketi yachipatala ya kalasi yoyamba ndi yachitatu ndi komwe malangizo ambiri apaintaneti amalephera. Kalasi yachitatu imafuna kuwona kwakutali kwa 20/40 kokha m'diso lililonse. Uku ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa munthu amene maso ake osakonzedwa amakhala pa 20/30.
Kudziwa kalasi yomwe mukufuna kumasintha momwe mumakonzekera. Woyendetsa ndege payekha amene akufunafuna digiri ya zachipatala ya kalasi yachitatu ali ndi malo ambiri kuposa wofunsira ntchito yamalonda amene akufuna digiri yoyamba. Zofunikira zachipatala zoyendetsa ndege za FAA Pali miyezo itatu kutengera zomwe mukufuna kuuluka.
Taganizirani za woyendetsa ndege amene adapambana digiri yachitatu ya zamankhwala ndi masomphenya osakonzedwa a 20/40, kenako adaganiza zoyamba ntchito yamalonda. Woyendetsa ndege yemweyo tsopano akufunika masomphenya a 20/20 m'diso lililonse. Kusiyana kumeneku kumakopa anthu osadziwa chaka chilichonse.
Yankho lake ndi losavuta: konzani nthawi yoti muyeze maso anu musanayambe kuonana ndi dokotala wa FAA. Dziwani manambala anu osakonzedwa. Dziwani ngati magalasi kapena zolumikizirana nazo zingatseke mpata. Zodabwitsa ziyenera kuchitika mu maphunziro, osati mu ofesi ya dokotala.
Momwe Magalasi ndi Mauthenga Amasinthira Kuyenerera Kwanu
Nthano yodziwika bwino yokhudza zofunikira pakuwona kwa oyendetsa ndege ndi yakuti magalasi amakulepheretsani kugwiritsa ntchito. Chikhulupiriro chimenecho chimalepheretsa anthu ambiri kutsatira satifiketi yachipatala kuposa vuto lililonse la masomphenya. FAA sikutanthauza kuti munthu azitha kuona bwino popanda thandizo. Imafuna kuti munthu athe kuona bwino komanso kukwaniritsa muyezo winawake.
Woyendetsa ndege aliyense amene amafunikira magalasi kapena zolumikizira amavala magalasiwo panthawi yoyezetsa komanso akamauluka. Chikalata cha dokotala chidzakhala ndi malire, "muyenera kuvala magalasi owongolera", koma malire amenewo sakulepheretsani ntchito yanu.
Zimene FAA Imayang'anadi Ndi Magalasi Owongolera
Pa nthawi yanu Mayeso azachipatala a FAA a Class First, AME imayesa maso anu pamene mukuvala mankhwala anu achizolowezi. Muyezo wake ndi 20/20 kutalika kwa maso m'diso lililonse, kuyezedwa padera. Mankhwala anu ayenera kukhala amakono. Kuyezetsa maso nthawi zonse musanapite kuchipatala kumachotsa chiopsezochi.
Ma Lens Olumikizana Amafunika Njira Yosiyana Yovomerezeka
Magalasi olumikizirana ndi ma contact lens amaloledwa, koma FAA imawasamalira mosiyana. AME iyenera kutsimikizira kuti ma contact lens anu alibe ma monovision ndipo ipereke kukonza kokhazikika. Uwu ndi mpata umene oyendetsa ndege ambiri amaphonya: anthu olumikizana nawo amafunika umboni wolembedwa wosonyeza kuti akulekerera komanso ali bwino. Mukufunika kuyesedwa ndi dokotala wa maso mkati mwa miyezi 12 yapitayi. Zofunikira zachipatala za FAA kwa oyendetsa ndege Komanso muyenera kunyamula magalasi ena nthawi iliyonse mukayenda pandege ndi zinthu zolumikizana ndi munthu.
Chimachitika ndi Chiyani Masomphenya Anu Akasintha?
Masomphenya amasintha ndi ukalamba. FAA imafotokoza izi ndi miyezo yosiyana yapafupi ndi yapakatikati ya oyendetsa ndege opitirira zaka 50. Kusintha kwa mankhwala sikufuna satifiketi yatsopano yachipatala. Mumangosintha magalasi anu owongolera ndikupitiliza kuuluka. Florida Flyers Flight Academy imathandiza ophunzira kutsatira njira izi zotsimikizira zachipatala asanayambe maphunziro.
Kodi Matenda a Maso Amakulepheretsani Bwanji?
Mkhalidwe wosayenerera Ngati pali chilichonse chomwe FAA ikupeza chomwe chimapangitsa woyendetsa ndege kukhala wotetezeka kuuluka. FAA imayesa vuto lililonse motsatira zofunikira za kalasi ya satifiketi yomwe mukufuna.
Kuona maso ndi maso ndi chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri amada nkhawa nacho. Kupereka kwapadera n'kotheka ngati muli ndi masomphenya a 20/20 m'diso limodzi lokha. FAA imapereka izi mlandu uliwonse.
Kusawona mitundu kumalepheretsa anthu ambiri omwe akufuna kuthawa. FAA imayesa luso losiyanitsa mitundu ya zizindikiro za ndege. Kulephera mayeso sikuthetsa ntchito yanu; m'malo mwake, pali malire ogwirira ntchito omwe amaletsa kuuluka usiku kapena ntchito za zizindikiro za mitundu.
Matenda a glaucoma, ma cataract, ndi retinal detachment iliyonse imakhala ndi njira yakeyake yowunikira. Glaucoma yolamulidwa yokhala ndi maso abwinobwino nthawi zambiri imadutsa. Matenda a calathea omwe amachepetsa ludzu pansi pa muyezo amafunika opaleshoni isanaperekedwe satifiketi. Kuchotsedwa kwa retinal kumafuna nthawi yokhazikika komanso chilolezo cha dokotala wa maso.
Zolakwika zazikulu zoyankhira diso sizimachotsa diso lokha. FAA imasamala za luso lokonza bwino, osati mphamvu ya mankhwala. Woyendetsa ndege wokhala ndi diopters -10 m'diso lililonse amene amakonza mpaka 20/20 amakwaniritsa muyezo.
Cholepheretsa chenicheni si vuto lenilenilo. Kulephera kutsatira njira yolembera zikalata yomwe FAA imayembekezera. Florida Flyers Flight Academy imathandiza oyendetsa ndege kuyendetsa izi zofunikira zapadera zoperekedwa ndipo mvetsetsani momwe vuto lililonse limayenderana ndi zofunikira zoyendetsa ndege kuti mupeze satifiketi ya zachipatala.
Ndondomeko yowunikira ya FAA imaona matenda ambiri ngati zoopsa zomwe zingatheke. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi ngati mungathe kusonyeza masomphenya okhazikika, olamulidwa omwe sawononga mosadziwika bwino pakati pa ulendo. Kuwunika kwa pachaka ndi kutsatira malamulo a chithandizo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa matenda okha.
Apa ndi pomwe anthu ambiri omwe akufuna kulembetsa amalephera. Amavomereza kalata yokana ngati yomaliza m'malo motsatira njira yochotsera yomwe FAA imapereka momveka bwino. Vuto lomwe limalepheretsa satifiketi yachipatala yapamwamba lingathe kuloleza satifiketi ya kalasi yachiwiri kapena yachitatu.
Kusintha: Opaleshoni Yokonza ndi Chipatala Chanu
Lingaliro lakuti opaleshoni yowongolera mpweya imathetsa ntchito ya woyendetsa ndege ndi lobwerera m'mbuyo. Kwa oyendetsa ndege ambiri, LASIK kapena PRK ndi zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti adutse lamulo la masomphenya lomwe limawalepheretsa.
FAA siiona opaleshoni yokonza ngati chinthu choletsa. Imaiona ngati njira yomwe imafuna zikalata ndi nthawi yodikira musanapereke satifiketi yachipatala. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa zomwe FAA ikufuna kuwona musanakonze nthawi yochitira opaleshoni, osati pambuyo pake.
Nthawi yodikira ndi gawo lomwe oyendetsa ndege ambiri saliganizira kwambiri. Pambuyo pa LASIK kapena PRK, FAA imafuna nthawi yokhazikika musanayambe mayeso a masomphenya anu. Panthawi imeneyo, maso anu akuchira ndipo masomphenya anu akukhazikika. Kufulumira kumatanthauza kuti AME singathe kutsimikizira kuti masomphenya anu ndi okhazikika, zomwe zimachedwetsa chilichonse.
Kulemba zikalata ndi vuto lachiwiri. Bungwe la FAA likufuna kuti dokotala wanu adziwe zolemba za opaleshoni asanayambe opaleshoni ndi atangomaliza opaleshoni. Ayenera kuwona miyeso yoyambira, tsatanetsatane wa opaleshoni, ndi zotsatira zomaliza za kuwona bwino. Popanda zolemba zimenezo, AME ilibe chifukwa chovomerezera kuti muvomerezedwe. Opaleshoni yopambana yokhala ndi zikalata zonse ndi yomwe imatsegula njira.
Apa ndi pamene Miyezo ya masomphenya a FAA kukhala mwayi osati chopinga. Woyendetsa ndege amene amakwanitsa kuwona bwino 20/15 kapena 20/10 atachitidwa opaleshoni amakhala ndi chotetezera chomwe magalasi okha sangapereke. Chotetezera chimenecho chimakhala chofunikira pamene AME ikuyesa mayeso ndipo tchati cha Snellen chimamveka chovuta kuposa momwe amayembekezera.
Chofunikira kwambiri ndi kumvetsetsa kuti opaleshoni yokonza si chiopsezo kwa dokotala wanu, koma ndi chida chomwe chingakulitse kuyenerera kwanu. Funso limasintha kuchoka pa “kodi ndingathe kuyenerera” kupita ku “ndingalembe bwanji izi molondola.” Kusintha kumeneku kumasintha momwe mumayendera gawo lililonse la ndondomeko ya satifiketi ya zachipatala, kuphatikizapo lonse maphunziro oyendetsa ndege kutsatira.
Chimene Chimazindikiritsa Luso la Diso Lanu Loyang'ana Bwino
FAA imayesa chinthu china chake poyesa masomphenya anu: kuthwa kwa kuyang'ana kwa diso lanu patali. Muyeso uwu, wotchedwa kuwona bwino pa matchati a Snellen, si njira yoyesera thanzi la maso kapena kuzindikira zinthu zina. Ndi nambala imodzi yomwe imauza woyesayo momwe diso lanu limadziwira bwino zinthu zazing'ono m'njira yoyenera.
Momwe Kuwala Kumakhalira Chithunzi
Kuwala kumalowa m'diso kudzera mu cornea, kumadutsa mu pupilpil, ndikugunda lens. Lens imapinda kuwalako kuti ikuyang'ane pa retina kumbuyo kwa diso. Njira yopindika iyi imatchedwa refraction, ndipo imatsimikizira chilichonse chokhudza momwe mumaonera. Pamene cornea kapena lens imapindika kuwala kwambiri kapena pang'ono, chithunzicho chimachepa kapena kupitirira retina, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zachimbuuzi.
Chifukwa Chake Tchati cha Snellen Ndi Choyimira
Tchati cha Snellen chimagwiritsa ntchito zilembo zochepa kukula kwake zomwe zakonzedwa m'mizere. Mzere uliwonse umagwirizana ndi muyeso wa kuwona bwino. Mzere wa 20/20 umatanthauza kuti munthu amene ali ndi maso abwinobwino amatha kuwerenga mzerewo ali pa mtunda wa mamita 20. Ngati mungathe kuwerenga mzere wa 20/40 wokha, diso lanu limapeza tsatanetsatane pa mamita 20 omwe diso wamba limawona pa mamita 40. FAA imagwiritsa ntchito tchati ichi chifukwa ndi chobwerezabwereza, chopanda tsankho, komanso chosavuta kupereka m'chipinda chilichonse choyesera.
Zimene FAA Siziyesa
Kuyezetsa masomphenya kwa FAA sikuyesa kuzindikira kwakuya, kusinthasintha kwa kusiyana, kapena kuwona usiku. Sikuyesa momwe maso anu amaonera zinthu zoyenda kapena momwe zimasinthira mwachangu pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima. Maluso awa ndi ofunika poyenda pandege, koma muyezo wazachipatala umayang'ana pa chinthu chimodzi chomwe ndi chosavuta kuyeza komanso chovuta kutsutsana nacho: kuwona bwino kosasintha. Woyendetsa ndege amene wapambana mayeso a Snellen ayenerabe kuwonetsa masomphenya ogwira ntchito panthawi yophunzira kuyendetsa ndege.
Miyezo ya Masomphenya ndi Kalasi ya Satifiketi ya Zachipatala
Kumvetsetsa zofunikira pa masomphenya a oyendetsa ndege kumatanthauza kudziwa kalasi ya satifiketi yachipatala yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zolinga zanu zoyendetsa ndege. Miyezo imasiyana kwambiri pakati pa makalasi, ndipo lingaliro lolakwika lingasokoneze njira ya ntchito isanayambe.
Woyendetsa ndege payekha akuuluka kukasangalala amafunika satifiketi yachipatala ya kalasi yachitatu. Woyendetsa ndege wamalonda akuuluka kuti akabwerekedwe ntchito amafunika kalasi yachiwiri. Woyendetsa ndege woyendetsa ndege akuuluka ndi okwera omwe akukonzekera ulendowu amafunika kalasi yoyamba. Miyezo ya masomphenya imakula kwambiri pamene sitepe iliyonse ikukwera.
Miyezo ya Masomphenya a FAA ndi Kalasi ya Satifiketi Yachipatala
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa makalasi ndi kuwona patali. Zikalata za kalasi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri zimafuna 20/20 mu diso lililonse. Kalasi yachitatu imalola 20/40. Kusiyana kumeneko ndikofunikira kwa oyendetsa ndege omwe amasintha maso pakapita nthawi koma akufunabe kuuluka mosangalala.
Miyezo yapafupi ndi yapakati ndi yofanana m'magulu onse atatu. FAA siimasula imeneyo kwa oyendetsa ndege achinsinsi. Kusasinthasintha kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti woyendetsa ndege aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi kumveka kofanana kwapafupi, mosasamala kanthu za momwe alili. Mitundu ya layisensi yoyendetsa ndege.
Dziwani kalasi yomwe mukufuna musanalembe mayeso. Muyezo wa kalasi yachitatu sungakuyeneretseni kugwira ntchito yamalonda. Muyezo wa kalasi yoyamba umafuna kudziletsa kuti usunge. Kusankha cholinga cholakwika kumawononga nthawi ndi ndalama.
Apa ndi pomwe oyendetsa ndege ambiri omwe akufuna kuyendetsa galimoto amalakwitsa powerenga tchati. Amaganiza kuti kuwona kwakutali kwa 20/40 kwa gulu lachitatu kumatanthauza kuti magalasi ndi osankha. Sizili choncho. Muyezo ndi kukonza kocheperako komwe kungatheke, osati kuwona kocheperako komwe kungavomerezedwe.
Magalasi owongolera amaloledwa pamlingo uliwonse wa kalasi. Bungwe la FAA limasamala zomwe maso anu angachite ndi thandizo, osati zomwe amachita popanda thandizolo. Kusiyana kumeneku kumasintha momwe mumachitira pokonzekera mayeso anu azachipatala.
Momwe Mungakonzekerere Mayeso Anu a Masomphenya a FAA
Anthu ambiri ofuna kuyendetsa ndege amalowa mu mayeso awo achipatala a FAA osadziwa zomwe mayeso a masomphenya amayesa. Kusakonzekera kumeneko kumabweretsa nkhawa zosafunikira ndipo, nthawi zina, mayeso olephera omwe akanatha kupewedwa. Zofunikira pa masomphenya kwa oyendetsa ndege zimakhala zosavuta ngati mukudziwa momwe zinthu zilili.
Khwerero 1. Pezani mankhwala amakono kuchokera kwa dokotala wa maso. Izi zikuwonetsani bwino momwe maso anu alili musanayesedwe.
Khwerero 2. Konzani nthawi yanu yokumana ndi Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha kalasi ya satifiketi yomwe mukufuna. Woyendetsa ndege payekha amafunika digiri yachitatu ya zamankhwala. Ntchito yoyendetsa ndege zamalonda imafuna kalasi yoyamba kapena yachiwiri.
Khwerero 3. Dziwani zomwe mayesowa amayesa musanayambe kukhala pansi. FAA imayesa kuwona patali pa mtunda wa mamita 20, pafupi ndi mtunda wa mainchesi 16, ndipo kwa oyendetsa ndege opitilira 50, kuwona kwapakati pa mtunda wa mainchesi 32. muyezo wa masomphenya pafupi imafuna 20/40 kapena kupitirira apo mu diso lililonse padera, ndi kukonza kapena popanda.
Khwerero 4. Bweretsani magalasi anu owongolera ku mayeso, ngakhale mukuganiza kuti mukuona bwino popanda iwo. FAA imalola magalasi ndi zolumikizira kuti zikwaniritse muyezo uliwonse.
Khwerero 5. Mvetsetsani zotsatira nthawi yomweyo mutatha mayeso. AME yanu idzakuuzani ngati mwapambana kapena ngati pakufunika zikalata zina. Mbali yolephera kuwona imayambitsa njira yofunsira yomwe nthawi zambiri imatha ndi magalasi owongolera kapena opaleshoni.
Kumaliza kukonzekera kumeneku kumachotsa zokayikitsa pa satifiketi yanu ya zamankhwala. Masukulu monga Florida Flyers Flight Academy amathandiza ophunzira kuyendetsa bwino njira yonseyi, kuyambira kumvetsetsa zofunikira pa kuyendetsa bizinesi kukonza nthawi yoyenera yokumana ndi AME. Mayeso si chopinga. Kulowa osakonzekera ndiko vuto.
Masomphenya Anu Sayenera Kuchepetsa Ntchito Yanu
Zofunikira pa masomphenya a oyendetsa ndege ndi zenizeni, zoyezeka, komanso zopangidwa kuti zitheke. Oyendetsa ndege ambiri omwe akufuna kukhala oyendetsa ndege amadandaula ndi muyezo womwe FAA idapangira anthu omwe amakonzekera bwino. Kuchedwetsa kukambirana ndi Aviation Medical Examiner kumasunga nkhani yochokera ku mantha. Chinthu chokhacho chomwe sichingayenereredwe ndi kusadziwa bwino njira yoyendetsera ndegeyo molimba mtima.
Konzani nthawi yokambirana ndi AME kapena sukulu yophunzitsa za ndege monga Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Lolani mayeso atsimikizire zomwe umboni ukuwonetsa kale, masomphenya anu si chopinga chomwe mudaganiza kuti chinali.
Mafunso Omwe Amafunsidwa Kawirikawiri Okhudza Miyezo ya Masomphenya a Pilot
Kodi ndingakhale woyendetsa ndege ngati nditavala magalasi?
Inde, kuvala magalasi sikukulepheretsani kukhala woyendetsa ndege motsatira miyezo ya FAA. Chofunika ndichakuti maso anu akutali azisintha kukhala 20/20 kapena kupitirira apo m'diso lililonse padera, zomwe magalasi kapena ma contact lenses angakwanitse.
Ndi matenda ati a maso omwe amakulepheretsani kukhala woyendetsa ndege?
Matenda monga kuwona monocular, khungu losawona bwino, glaucoma, maso otupa, ndi kusweka kwa retina kungalepheretse munthu kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala kutengera kuopsa kwake komanso kalasi ya satifiketi. Zina mwa matenda amenewa, monga kuwona monocular, zingalole kuti munthu alandire chithandizo chapadera ngati FAA itsimikiza kuti chitetezo sichinasokonezedwe.
Kodi ndingakhale woyendetsa ndege wokhala ndi masomphenya a 20-40?
Inde, mutha kukhala woyendetsa ndege wokhala ndi masomphenya a 20/40 ngati asintha kufika pa 20/20 kapena kupitirira apo m'diso lililonse padera pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi kapena zolumikizira. Pa satifiketi yachipatala ya kalasi yachitatu, muyezo wa masomphenya akutali ndi 20/40 kapena kupitirira apo m'diso lililonse padera popanda kukonza, kotero masomphenya osakonzedwa a 20/40 akukwaniritsa zomwezo.
Kodi ndingakhale woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya LASIK kapena PRK?
Inde, ndipo FAA imavomereza oyendetsa ndege omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni yobwezeretsa mpweya. Nthawi yodikira ya masiku 90 imagwira ntchito pambuyo pa LASIK asanakwere ndege. Wofufuza Zachipatala wa Aviation ayenera kuwonanso lipoti la opaleshoni ndi kukhazikika kwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati maso anga asintha pakati pa mayeso a zachipatala?
Nenani za kusintha kulikonse kwakukulu ku FAA ndege yanu isananyamuke. Bungweli limapereka chiletso chakanthawi kapena likufuna kuti mupimidwenso maso. Kunyalanyaza kusintha kwa masomphenya kungayambitse kuyimitsidwa kwa satifiketi. Oyendetsa ndege ambiri amathetsa vutoli ndi mankhwala atsopano komanso kupita kukaonana ndi dokotala mwachangu.
