Bukatar Digirin Matukin Jirgin Sama: Shin Kuna Bukatar Digiri na Kwaleji?

A'a, ba kwa buƙatar digiri na kwaleji kafin ka zama matukin jirgin sama a Amurka. baya buƙatar digiri don takardar shaidar gwaji, kuma manyan kamfanonin jiragen saman fasinja na Amurka gabaɗaya ba sa buƙatar ɗaya. Wasu suna lissafa digiri na farko kamar yadda aka fi so. Abin da kowane kamfanin jirgin sama ke buƙata shine takardar shaida: takardar shaidar Jirgin Sama na Sufuri (ATP), ingantaccen likita, da kuma ƙwarewar tashi da ke tare da su. A Kwalejin Flighters ta Florida, hanyar da aka tsara ta Sashe na 141 zuwa waɗannan takaddun shaida ita ce wadda muke koyarwa, kuma shirin makarantarmu yana ɗaukar ɗalibi daga Private Pilot zuwa ATP mafi ƙarancin a cikin awanni 111 na horon jirgin sama.

Sauran wannan labarin ya raba abin da doka ta tanada, abin da ake nufi da fifita kamfanonin jiragen sama da kuma abin da ake nufi da tatsuniya, don haka za ku iya tsara horonku da kuɗinku tare da gaskiyar da ke gabanku.

TL, DR

• Hukumar FAA ba ta sanya buƙatar digirin jami'a ga kowace takardar shaidar gwaji ba, har da ATP. Kamfanonin jiragen sama suna kafa nasu ƙa'idojin ɗaukar ma'aikata.
• Delta ta lissafa digiri na shekaru huɗu a matsayin wanda ake so amma ba dole ba. United ta lissafa digiri na farko a matsayin wanda ake so. Bukatun da Frontier ta wallafa sun ta'allaka ne akan takaddun shaida, awanni da kuma likitan aji na 1.
• Abin da ba za a iya tsallakewa ba: takardar shaidar ATP (mafi ƙarancin shekaru 23, ko 21 ga sigar da aka takaita), takardar shaidar kasuwanci mai ƙimar kayan aiki, likita na aji na farko ko na biyu, da kuma ƙwarewar tashi da ake buƙata.
• Digiri mai digiri a fannin sufurin jiragen sama na iya rage buƙatar sa'o'i don ATP mai iyakance ga damar da ake da ita, amma hanya ɗaya ce daga cikin hanyoyi da yawa, ba abin da ake buƙata ba.
• An gina wani tsari mai tsari, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan aiki, bisa ga ainihin takardar shaidar kamfanonin jiragen sama da farko.

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

• Abin da FAA ke buƙata a zahiri
• Abin da kamfanonin jiragen sama ke cewa game da digiri
• Abin da ba za ku iya yi ba tare da takardar sheda ba: abubuwan da ake buƙata
• Inda digiri zai iya zama mahimmanci: gata da aka takaita ATP
• Shirin digiri ko jirgin sama: yadda hanyoyin ke kwatantawa
• Me yasa tsari da tabbatar da farashi suka fi muhimmanci fiye da difloma
• Tsarin gaske idan kuna farawa ba tare da digiri ba
• Hangen zaman gaba
• A shirye don tsara hanyarka?
• FAQ
• Sources

Abin da FAA ke buƙata a zahiri

Hukumar FAA ce ke tsara takaddun shaida, ba difloma ba. Dokar da ke kula da matakin saman tsani, Saukewa: 14FR61.153, ya lissafa buƙatun cancantar takardar shaidar ATP. Karanta shi sosai kuma za ku sami waɗannan abubuwan:

• Shekaru 23 (ko 21 a ƙarƙashin § 61.160, hanyar da aka takaita).
• Ikon karatu, magana, rubutu da fahimtar Turanci.
• Kyakkyawan ɗabi'a.
• Takardar shaidar matukin jirgi na kasuwanci tare da ƙimar kayan aiki, ko takamaiman makamancin soja ko na ƙasashen waje.
• Kammala Shirin Horar da Takaddun Shaida na ATP kafin gwajin ilimi, idan ya dace.
• Kwarewar da ake buƙata ta fannin jiragen sama.
• Ci jarrabawar ilimi da kuma jarrabawar aiki.

Digiri bai bayyana ko'ina a cikin wannan jerin ba. Digiri yana da mahimmanci ne kawai a wuri ɗaya mai ƙunci, hanyar rage sa'o'i da aka rufe a ƙasa, kuma ko a can ma zaɓi ne maimakon ƙofa.

Haka kuma wannan dabarar ta shafi ƙasa da ATP. Difloma ta makarantar sakandare ko GED wani abu ne da ake tsammanin yin rajista a makarantun jirgin sama kuma yana bayyana a cikin mafi ƙarancin digiri na jirgin sama, amma wannan misali ne na makaranta ko ma'aikaci, ba buƙatar ilimin FAA ga takardar shaidar kanta ba.

Abin da kamfanonin jiragen sama ke cewa game da digiri

Kowane kamfanin jirgin sama ne ke rubuta mafi ƙarancin albashi, don haka yana da kyau a karanta su kai tsaye. Misalai uku sun nuna tsarin.

Kalmar da za a lura ita ce "fi so." Fifiko yana karya alaƙa tsakanin masu neman cancanta. Ba ya maye gurbin takardar shaidar, aikin likita ko lokutan aiki. Mun yi bayani game da yadda aikin ɗaukar ma'aikata ya kwatanta da mafi ƙarancin doka a cikin rubutunmu akan ko kamfanonin jiragen sama suna buƙatar digiri don ayyukan gwaji da kuma a Gaskiyar ɗaukar ma'aikata daga kamfanonin jiragen sama na tsawon awanni 1,500 na FAA.

Saboda manufofin kamfanin jirgin sama suna canzawa, yi amfani da kowane teburi a matsayin hoton hoto kuma ka tabbatar da kalmomin da ke kan shafin ayyukan kamfanin kafin ka yanke shawara da ta dogara da shi.

Abin da ba za ku iya yi ba tare da takardar sheda ba: abubuwan da ake buƙata

Tunda digiri ba zaɓi bane, ainihin mai kula da ƙofa yana faruwa a wurare huɗu: takaddun shaida, ƙwarewar tashi, ƙa'idodin likita da kuma gwajin kamfanin jirgin sama.

Takaddun shaida da ƙima

Jami'in farko a kamfanin jirgin sama na Part 121 dole ne ya kasance aƙalla shekaru 21, riƙe takardar shaidar ATP ko takamaiman gata ta ATP, riƙe da ƙimar nau'in jirgin sama mai dacewa kuma kuna da aƙalla likita na aji na biyuWannan buƙatar ta dogara ne akan FAA 15 ga Yuli, 2013 Dokar Ƙarshe, wanda ke buƙatar na biyu a matsayin shugaba a cikin gida, tuta da ƙarin ayyuka don riƙe takardar shaidar ATP da ƙimar nau'in jirgin sama don jirgin da aka tashi. Wannan doka ta buƙaci kyaftin na Sashe na 121 ya sami aƙalla sa'o'i 1,000 a cikin ayyukan jigilar jiragen sama.

Ci gaban da ke kai ka can an tabbatar da shi sosai: takardar shaidar ɗalibi, matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa, ƙimar kayan aiki, matukin jirgi na kasuwanci, ƙimar injuna da yawa kuma a ƙarshe ATPKowanne mataki yana da nasa gwajin ilimi da gwajin aiki.

Shirin Horar da Takaddun Shaida na ATP

Kafin ka zauna gwajin ilimin ATP, za ka kammala wani kwas na musamman. A ƙarƙashin FAA AC 61-138A, shirin yana buƙatar aƙalla awanni 30 na koyarwa a aji da kuma aƙalla awanni 10 a cikin na'urar horar da kwaikwaiyon jirgin sama wanda ke wakiltar jirgin sama mai injina da yawa, tare da aƙalla awanni 6 na waɗannan a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo ta cikakken matakin C ko sama da haka. An tsara shirin ne don koyar da kowane fanni dangane da ayyukan jigilar jiragen sama, don haka ka isa kamfanin jirgin sama ka riga ka yi tunani kamar ƙwararren ma'aikacin jirgin sama.

Jagororinmu masu zurfi akan Bukatun takardar shaidar ATP da kuma Bukatun takardar shaidar matukin jirgin sama da kuma lokutan tashi yi tafiya cikin kowane abu.

Lokacin tashi: matsakaicin shine 1,500

Yawancin matukan jirgi suna isa ga ATP ta hanyar daidaitaccen sa'o'i 1,500. Wannan adadin shine dalilin da ya sa sakamakon Google na wannan batu ya fi rinjaye da ƙidayar sa'o'i ba ta hanyar difloma ba: sa'o'i, ba ilimi ba, su ne babban abin da ke tsakanin ku da kujerar shugaban farko.

Ka'idojin likita

A karkashin Saukewa: 14FR61.23, ana buƙatar likita mai matakin farko don samun damar ATP mai matakin farko, kuma aƙalla likita mai matakin biyu don wasu damar ATP na biyu na Sashe na 121. Matsayin FAA na aji na farko sun haɗa da hangen nesa mai nisa na 20/20 ko mafi kyau a kowace ido (an yarda da gyara), kusan hangen nesa na 20/40 ko mafi kyau, fahimtar launi ya isa don yin aiki lafiya da kuma ECG a shekara 35 da kuma kowace shekara bayan shekaru 40.

Idan kana da wata tambaya game da lafiyarka ko magani da ka iya shafar cancantarka, ka tuntuɓi likitan da FAA ta naɗa kafin ka saka hannun jari a horo. Wannan ziyarar ba ta da tsada idan aka kwatanta da shirin jirgin sama, kuma ita ce hanya mafi amfani ga kowa da kowa tun daga sifili. Jagorar buƙatun lasisin gwaji na FAA ya bayyana yadda likitancin ya dace da tsarin.

Inda digiri zai iya zama mahimmanci: gata da aka takaita ATP

Akwai wuri ɗaya da ilimi ke canza lissafi. Dokar FAA ta 2013 ta ƙirƙiri wani Takaddun gata masu iyaka takardar shaidar ATP ga matukan jirgi waɗanda ke aiki ƙasa da sa'o'i 1,500, tun daga shekaru 21, a cikin yanayi uku:

• Matukin jirgi wanda aka horar da shi a soja, yana aiki na tsawon sa'o'i 750.
• Ya kammala karatun digiri na farko na shekaru huɗu tare da digiri na farko a fannin sufurin jiragen sama da kuma tsawon sa'o'i 1,000.
• Ya kammala karatunsa na tsawon shekaru biyu a fannin hulɗa da jiragen sama da kuma tsawon sa'o'i 1,250.

Farashin FAA AC 61-139 ya ƙara da cewa dole ne digirin ya fito daga wata cibiya da FAA ta ba wa izinin ba da takardar shaidar kammala karatun digirin jirgin sama. Don haka fa'idar ta taƙaice ce: babban digirin jirgin sama daga wata cibiya mai izini, ba kowace digiri ba.

Wannan hanyar ta nuna dalilin da yasa tambayar "shin ina buƙatar digiri?" ta fi amfani: "menene hanya mafi inganci don isa ga takaddun shaida da sa'o'in da kamfanin jirgin sama ke buƙata?" Ga wanda ya canza aiki, babba mai jinginar gida ko ɗalibi na ƙasashen waje wanda ke kan jadawalin biza, yin shekaru huɗu a cikin aji kafin yin rajistar sa'ar tashi ba kasafai yake zama amsar da ta fi inganci ba. Shirin jirgin sama mai da hankali wanda ke motsa ku ta hanyar takaddun shaida da ake buƙata shine.

Shirin digiri ko jirgin sama: yadda hanyoyin ke kwatantawa

Duk hanyoyin biyu suna ƙarewa a wuri ɗaya: matukin jirgi wanda ke riƙe da takaddun shaida, likita da kuma lokutan aiki. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da shirin da ka zaɓa ta yadda zai kai ka can kai tsaye da kuma yadda aka tsara farashin.

Me yasa tsari da tabbatar da farashi suka fi muhimmanci fiye da difloma

Saboda kamfanonin jiragen sama suna tantance takaddun shaida da awanni, abubuwan da ke tantance ko ka isa wurin zama mai dacewa su ne masu amfani: yadda kake kammala kowace tafiya da sauri, sa'o'i nawa ka ƙone yayin da kake maimaita motsa jiki, da kuma ko lissafin ƙarshe ya yi daidai da ƙimar. A cikin horon jirgin sama, daidaita mitar Hobbs shine kasafin kuɗi. Kowace ƙarin sa'a ta koyarwa biyu ko kowane mako jiran mai jarrabawa yana ƙara farashi kuma yana jinkirta isowarka a matsayin shugaban farko.

Makarantar Sashe na 141 tana aiki a ƙarƙashin manhajar da FAA ta amince da ita. Ba kamar horon Sashe na 61 ba, ana buƙatar makarantun gwaji na Sashe na 141 su yi amfani da tsarin horo da manhajar karatu, wanda ke sa ci gaba ya kasance mai ma'ana daga darasi na farko zuwa na ƙarshe. Mai bayaninmu akan menene FAA Sashe na 141 ya ƙunshi yadda wannan tsarin ya zama tsarin horo.

Abin da makarantar ke bayarwa

Kwalejin Jirgin Sama ta Florida Flyers makaranta ce ta jiragen sama ga ɗaliban Amurka da na ƙasashen waje waɗanda aka gina bisa ga horar da matukan jirgi na kasuwanci. Kwalejinmu tana da Hukumar Jarrabawar Kai, wadda ke ba da damar gudanar da gwaje-gwajen FAA a cikin gida kuma tana kawar da dogon jira na jarrabawar aiki wanda ke rage jinkirin ɗalibai da yawa. Dalibanmu suna cin jarrabawar aiki ta FAA a yunƙurin farko a ƙimar da ta wuce 90%. Shirye-shiryen gwajin kasuwanci masu sauri an amince da su a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 141 na FAA, kuma an tsara su don ɗaukar ɗalibi daga Pilot na Private zuwa ATP a cikin ƙarancin sa'o'i 111 na horon jirgin sama. Daliban ƙasashen waje za su iya yin rajista tare da tallafin biza na M1.

Idan tabbacin farashi shine babban abin da ke damun ku, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu da aka buga:

• The Kafaffen-Farashin Shirin Makarantar Jirgin Jirgin Sama farashinsa shine $85,900.
• The Shirin Matukin Jirgin Sama na Amurka farashinsa shine $49,950.

Idan kun riga kun riƙe takardar sheda kuma kuna son ƙara ƙima, mu darussan horar da matukin jirgi rufe Matukin Jirgin Sama Mai Zaman Kansa, Matsayin Kayan Aiki, Matsayin Injin Da Yawa, CFI da Makarantar Filin Jirgin Sama Mai Zaman Kanta. Ga ɗaliban da ke son hanyar kasuwanci a cikin tsari ɗaya, duba namu Shirin Gwaji na Kasuwanci na Kashi na 141.55(e). The shirye-shiryen matukin jirgi na sana'a shafi yana bayyana yadda guntun suka haɗu.

Tsarin gaske idan kuna farawa ba tare da digiri ba

Ga jerin abubuwan da za mu ba wa wani abokinmu wanda yake son zama a kamfanin jirgin sama kuma ba shi da takardar shaidar shiga jami'a.

1. Fara samun likita. Yi alƙawari da wani mai duba lafiyar jiragen sama wanda hukumar FAA ta naɗa. Idan kana son kamfanonin jiragen sama su yi maka niyya, ka yi niyya don samun matakin lafiya na farko tun daga farko, domin shine abin da ake buƙata na ATP da buƙatun tsarin Frontier.
2. Zaɓi shirin da aka tsara. Tambayi kowace makaranta don manhajar karatu, cekin mataki da kuma tsarin duba rajista a rubuce. Sashe na 141 makarantu suna aiki ne daga manhajar da FAA ta amince da ita, kuma ya kamata ku san tsarin abubuwan da suka faru kafin ku biya ajiya.
3. Sami takaddun shaida na tushe. Matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa, ƙimar kayan aiki da kuma matukin jirgi na kasuwanci, a cikin wannan tsari, sai kuma ƙimar injina da yawa. Jagorar buƙatun Sashe na 141 na gwaji mai zaman kansa da kuma Jagorar buƙatun ƙimar kayan aiki je mataki-mataki.
4. Gina ƙwarewa wajen cimma burin ATP. Yawancin matukan jirgi suna bin takardar shaidar CFI don samun lokutan koyarwa yayin da suke gina lokaci. Cika buƙatun shekaru na 23, ko 21 don hanyar da aka ƙayyade idan kun cancanta.
5. Kammala Shirin Horar da Takaddun Shaida na ATP kafin gwajin ilimin ATP, sannan a ci jarrabawar ilimi da gwajin aiki.
6. A shafa da tsaftataccen bayani. Kamfanonin jiragen sama suna duba takaddun shaidarka, lokutan aiki, lafiyarka da kuma tarihin rayuwarka. Kyakkyawan ɗabi'a wani ɓangare ne na ƙa'idar ATP da kanta, don haka ka kiyaye tarihinka a ko'ina.

Mu Jagorar takardar shaidar ATP da kasuwanci matukin jirgi hanya nuna yadda waɗannan matakan suka dace da juna a tsawon lokaci.

Hangen zaman gaba

Mun horar da matukan jirgin sama na aiki tsawon lokaci har muka san cewa tambayar digiri yawanci wakili ne na wata damuwa daban: shin kamfanin jirgin sama zai ɗauke ni da muhimmanci? Dokokin sun amsa rabin shari'a. Hukumar FAA tana neman takaddun shaida, ƙwarewar likitanci, ƙwarewar Ingilishi, kyakkyawan ɗabi'a da kuma ƙwarewar da ta dace. Ba ta buƙatar takardar shaidar difloma.

Rabin ɗaukar ma'aikata ana amsa shi ne ta abin da ɗan takarar jami'i na farko zai iya nunawa. Shi ya sa muka gina makarantarmu bisa ga abubuwan da kamfanin jirgin sama zai iya tabbatarwa: bayanan rajistar jarrabawa masu tsabta, ƙwarewa mai kyau da kuma hanya mai kyau ta Sashe na 141. Hukumar Kula da Jarrabawar Kai tana ba mu damar gudanar da rajistar jarrabawa a cikin gida, don kada ɗalibanmu su jira mai jarrabawa a waje yayin da ƙarfinsu ya ragu. An tsara shirye-shiryenmu don ɗaukar ɗalibi daga Private Pilot zuwa ATP mafi ƙarancin sa'o'i 111 na horon jirgin sama, kuma ɗalibanmu sun ci jarrabawar FAA a yunƙurin farko da ya wuce kashi 90%.

Muna kuma ganin ya kamata a iya hasashen farashin kamar manhajar karatu. Farashin da aka buga, ko $49,950 ne ko $85,900 ya danganta da shirin, yana ba ku damar tsara kuɗin shiga, jadawalin aiki da kuma aikin a kusa da wani adadi da aka sani maimakon canjin aiki na mita mai buɗewa a kowane sa'a. Ga ɗaliban da yawa da muke haɗuwa da su, gami da ɗaliban ƙasashen waje da suka isa bisa takardar izinin shiga M1, wannan hasashen shine abin da ke mayar da mafarki zuwa tsari.

Idan kana auna digiri na shekaru huɗu idan aka kwatanta da shirin jirgin sama mai mayar da hankali, ƙidaya abin da kowannensu zai ba ka a ranar da ka nemi shiga kamfanin jirgin sama. Amsarmu ita ce matukin jirgi mai takardar sheda, wanda yake aiki a yanzu, kuma wanda aka horar sosai, wanda aka shirya don zama daidai.

Rainer

A shirye don tsara hanyarka?

Idan kana son aikin kamfanin jirgin sama ba tare da wata matsala ta shekaru huɗu ba, fara da shirin da ya dace da inda kake a yau. Kafaffen-Farashin Shirin Makarantar Jirgin Jirgin Sama yana ba ku farashi ɗaya da aka buga, kuma namu Shirin Matukin Jirgin Sama na Amurka shine madadin a farashi daban. Ɗaliban ƙasashen waje za su iya tambaya game da shigar da takardar izinin M1, kuma akwai zaɓuɓɓukan kuɗi. Ziyarci Makarantar Flightschoolusa don ganin shirye-shiryen da ake da su yanzu da kuma fara yin rajista.

FAQ

Kana buƙatar digiri don zama matukin jirgi?

A'a. Hukumar FAA ba ta buƙatar digirin jami'a don kowace takardar shaidar gwaji, kuma digiri ba ya cikin buƙatun cancantar ATP a cikin 14 CFR 61.153. Kamfanonin jiragen sama suna kafa ƙa'idodin ɗaukar ma'aikata, kuma manyan kamfanonin jiragen saman fasinja na Amurka gabaɗaya ba sa buƙatar digiri, kodayake wasu suna lissafa digiri na farko a matsayin wanda aka fi so.

Shin Delta, United da American suna buƙatar digiri don matukan jirgi?

Delta ta lissafa digiri na shekaru huɗu a matsayin wanda ake fifita shi amma ba dole ba ne, kuma United ta lissafa digiri na farko kamar yadda aka fi so. Dukansu suna buƙatar takardar shaidar ATP, likita da kuma ƙwarewar tashi. Duba shafin aikin matukan jirgi na kowane kamfanin jirgin sama na yanzu, saboda manufofin ɗaukar ma'aikata na iya canzawa.

Shin digiri zai iya rage sa'o'in tashi da nake buƙata?

Zai iya yiwuwa a wani yanayi. Wanda ya kammala karatunsa daga wata cibiya da FAA ta ba shi izini tare da digiri na farko a fannin sufurin jiragen sama zai iya cancanta don samun takamaiman gata na ATP a cikin awanni 1,000, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin sufurin jiragen sama a cikin awanni 1,250, farawa daga shekaru 21. Hanyar ATP ta yau da kullun ita ce awanni 1,500.

Shekara nawa ne dole sai ka kai kafin ka yi jirgin sama?

Jami'in farko a cikin ayyukan Sashe na 121 dole ne ya kasance aƙalla shekaru 21 kuma yana da takardar shaidar ATP ko takamaiman gata ta ATP. ATP mara iyaka yana buƙatar shekaru 23. Hakanan kuna buƙatar ƙimar nau'in da ya dace da aƙalla takardar shaidar likita ta aji na biyu.

Me ya fi muhimmanci ga kamfanin jirgin sama idan ban da digiri?

Takaddun shaida, sa'o'i, aikin likita na yanzu da kuma rikodin tsabta. Misali, Frontier, yana lissafa jimillar lokaci, takardar shaidar ATP, likita na aji 1 da kuma izinin mai aiki da rediyo na FCC da aka takaita a cikin buƙatunsa. Sakamakon bincike mai ƙarfi, akan lokaci da tarihin horo mai kyau suna tallafawa aikace-aikacenku.

Sources

• Yadda Ake Zama Matukin Jirgin Sama: Bukatun Ilimi da Kudinsa, Jami'ar Marshall
• 14 CFR 61.153, buƙatun cancanta don takardar shaidar ATP
• 14 CFR 61.23, takaddun shaidar likita
• Rijistar Tarayya, 15 ga Yuli, 2013 Dokar Ƙarshe
• Dokar Ƙarshe ta FAA, Takaddun Shaidar Jirgin Sama da Bukatun Cancanta
• Hukumar FAA AC 61-138A
• FAA AC 61-139
• Jagorar FAA don Masu Duba Lafiyar Jiragen Sama, ƙa'idodi
• Delta Air Lines, Tsarin Ayyukan Matukin Jirgi & Tambayoyi da Amsoshi
• Kamfanonin Jiragen Sama na Frontier, Ayyukan matukan jirgi
• ALPA, Cancantar Aiki & Horarwa Don Zama Matukin Jirgin Sama a Amurka
• BLS, Jirgin Sama da matukan jirgin sama na kasuwanci

Nagari

• Kuna Bukatar Digiri don zama matukin jirgi? Gano Gaskiya Mai Sha'awa a 2024
• Bukatun matukin jirgin sama: Yadda ake zama matukin jirgi - #1 Mafi kyawun Jagora
• Shin ana samun ƙarin albashin matukan jirgin sama tare da digiri na biyu: Buɗe Nasara a 2024
• Yadda Ake Zama Matukin Jirgin Sama Ba Tare da Digiri ba: #1 Ƙarshen Jagoran Makarantar Jirgin Sama