Ngaphambi kokuthi undize uwedwa, zuza a ilayisense yokushayela yangasese, noma ungene ku-cockpit njengomshayeli wezindiza, kunento eyodwa okufanele ube nayo: ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA okuvumelekile. Lokhu akuwona nje umkhuba—kuyimfuneko engokomthetho nezokuphepha efakazela ukuthi ukulungele ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ukusebenzisa indiza ngaphansi kwemithetho yezindiza yenhlangano.
E-US, i I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) idinga cishe bonke abashayeli bezindiza ukuthi baphumelele ukuhlolwa kwezokwelashwa okwenziwa Umhloli Wezokwelapha Wezindiza (AME). Kuye ngohlobo lwendiza ohlela ukuyenza—eyangasese, ezohwebo, noma inkampani yezindiza—uzodinga ukufaneleka ngaphansi kwesigaba esisodwa sezitifiketi zezokwelapha ezintathu: eyokuqala, eyesibili, noma eyesithathu. Ngayinye inamazinga ahlukene nezikhathi zokuqinisekisa, futhi ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi oyidingayo kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqeqeshwa kwendiza noma ukuhlela ukuhlola.
Lo mhlahlandlela uhlukanisa yonke into odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA-kusukela ezidingweni ngekilasi nokuthi ungazilungiselela kanjani, kulokho okungabavumeli abafake izicelo nokuthi kwenzekani uma wehluleka. Uma uzimisele ngokuba umshayeli wendiza, ukuqonda lesi sinyathelo akuxoxiswana ngakho.
Iyini i-FAA Medical Exam?
Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA kuwukuhlola okuphoqelekile kwezempilo okudingwa yi-Federal Aviation Administration kubashayeli bezindiza abaningi e-United States. Injongo yayo ilula kodwa ibalulekile: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphile saka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ukuze usebenzise indiza ngokuphepha ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo ezilindelekile.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngu- I-FAA-certified Aviation Medical Examiner (AME). Laba dokotela baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuze bahlole abashayeli bezindiza ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni zezokwelapha ezibekwe yi-FAA. Awukwazi ukuvele uvakashele noma yimuphi udokotela ojwayelekile ngalokhu—u-AME kuphela ongakhipha okuvumelekile Isitifiketi sezokwelapha se-FAA.
Ukuhlolwa ngokwako kufaka phakathi ukubuyekezwa komlando wakho wezempilo, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kokubona nokuzwa. Kuya ngesigaba sesitifiketi osifakela isicelo—ikilasi lokuqala, lesibili, noma lesithathu—izindinganiso zezokwelapha zingahluka ngokuqina, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezimweni zenhliziyo, zemizwa, noma zengqondo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqeqeshelwa ilayisensi yakho yokushayela yangasese noma uhlose ukundizela inkampani yezindiza, ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esisemthethweni sokuba umshayeli wendiza e-US.
I-FAA Medical Certificate Amakilasi Achaziwe
Kunezigaba ezintathu zezitifiketi zezokwelapha ze-FAA. Ngayinye ihambisana nezinga lokundiza ohlele ukulenza, futhi ngayinye inezidingo ezihlukene kanye nezikhathi zokufaneleka. Ngaphambi kokuhlela ukuhlolwa kwakho kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yiliphi ikilasi elisebenza ezingeni lakho lokuqeqeshwa noma lelayisense.
Isitifiketi Sezokwelapha Sekilasi Lokuqala
Lesi isitifiketi esiqine kakhulu futhi siyadingeka kubashayeli bezindiza abasebenza ngaphansi kwe- Ilayisensi ye-Airline Transport Pilot (ATP).. Isebenza izinyanga eziyi-12 uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 futhi izinyanga eziyi-6 kuphela uma uneminyaka engama-40 noma ngaphezulu. Abafakizicelo besigaba sokuqala kumele bahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziphakeme zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kunamanye amakilasi.
Isitifiketi Sezokwelapha Sekilasi Lesibili
Uma uqeqeshelwa ukuba umshayeli wamabhanoyi wezohwebo, lesi isitifiketi osidingayo. Isebenza izinyanga eziyi-12 kungakhathaliseki ubudala. Nakuba iqinile kune-first class, isadinga impilo eqinile yomzimba nokuzinza kwengqondo.
Isitifiketi Sezokwelapha Sekilasi Lesithathu
Lesi yisitifiketi sezinga lokungena, ngokuvamile esidingeka kubashayeli bezindiza abazimele nabafundi bamabhanoyi. Kulula kakhulu ukufaneleka futhi kusebenza izinyanga ezingafika kwezingu-60 uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engu-40, noma izinyanga ezingu-24 uma uneminyaka engu-40 noma ngaphezulu. Ihlanganisa impilo eyisisekelo, izindinganiso zokubona kanye nokuzwa.
Isigaba ngasinye sesitifiketi silandela inqubo efanayo yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA, kodwa amazinga ayahluka kuye ngelayisensi oyilandelayo.
Izidingo ze-FAA Medical Exam
Ukuze uphumelele ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA, kufanele uhlangabezane namazinga athile ezempilo ahlobene nokubona, ukuzwa, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kanye nempilo yonke yomzimba nengqondo. Lezi zidingo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukusebenzisa indiza ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokuzifaka wena noma abanye engozini.
Umbono ingenye yezindawo ezibucayi kakhulu. Kufanele ube nakho 20/20 ukubona kude futhi eduze, kungaba ngokwemvelo noma ngokulungiswa (izibuko noma amalensi okuxhumana). Ukubona kombala nokujula nakho kuyahlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ungafunda izinsimbi futhi uhlonze izibani endizeni.
Ukuzwa kumele kube kuhle ngokwanele ukuqonda ingxoxo evamile ekhulunywayo ngamamitha ayisithupha. Uzohlolelwa futhi izinkinga zebhalansi yendlebe engaphakathi noma yimuphi umlando wokulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
Ukushaya kwegazi kumele ngaphansi kuka-155/95 ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwakho. Nakuba eminye imithi ivunyelwe, umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongalawuleki ungaholela ekuhlehlweni.
Impilo ye-neurological and psychiatric nazo ziyahlolwa. Uma uhlangabezane nezimo ezinjengokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, noma ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda, uzodinga ukunikeza imibhalo futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nohlu lwamanje lwemithi lubuyekezwa ngokuningiliziwe. Noma yimuphi umlando wokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa, ama-DUI, noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi engafanelekile kufanele uvezwe ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA.
Ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo zempilo eziyisisekelo kubalulekile. Uma okuthile kuwela ngaphandle kwemikhawulo ye-FAA, usengakwazi ukufaneleka ngokusebenzisa a Ukukhishwa Okukhethekile-kodwa kuphela ngemibhalo eyengeziwe kanye nokubuyekezwa.
Izimo Ezivamile Zokungafanelekile
Akuwona wonke umuntu ophumelela ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA emzameni wokuqala. Ezinye izimo zezempilo zibhekwa njengengcuphe ephezulu yokuphepha kwendiza futhi kungaholela ekuhlehlweni okuzenzakalelayo noma ukwenqatshwa—ngaphandle kwalapho unikezwa Isigunyazo Sokukhishwa Okukhethekile esivela kwa-FAA.
Omunye omkhulu wokuhoxiswa ngu isithuthwane esingalawuleki or ukuphazamiseka kokuquleka. Lezi zimo ziwusongo oluqondile ekulawuleni umshayeli endizeni. Ngisho nomlando wokuquleka ungase udinge iminyaka yokuzinza okubhaliwe ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale imvume yezokwelapha.
Izifo zengqondo ezinzima like schizophrenia, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo, nokucindezeleka okukhulu okunomlando wokuzibulala nakho kuyakungafaneleki. I-FAA idinga ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwempilo yengqondo kunoma yimuphi umshayeli onomlando wokunakekelwa kwengqondo.
Isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin, uma ingalawulwa kahle, ingaholela ekukhishweni. Nokho, abashayeli bezindiza abanamazinga kashukela egazini azinzile kanye nemibhalo efanele bangase bafaneleke ngokukhishwa okukhethekile.
Abanye abangafaneleki bahlanganisa:
- Ukuxhashazwa kwezidakamizwa
- Ukulutheka okusebenzayo
- Izinkinga zembono
ezingalungiseki ezindinganisweni ze-FAA. Ukwehluleka ukudalula lezi zimo—ngamabomu noma ngengozi—kungase kubambezele umsebenzi wakho wokushayela izindiza noma kuholele ekuvinjweni unomphela.
Ukwazi lawa mafulegi abomvu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA kungakusiza ukuthi ulungiselele amaphepha afanele futhi ugweme izithiyo ezingadingekile.
Uzilungiselela Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA
Ukulungiselela kahle kungenza umehluko phakathi kokudlula nokubhekana nokubambezeleka. Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA akunzima kubantu abanempilo, kodwa ukuhleleka kuqinisekisa inqubo eshelelayo—ikakhulukazi uma unomlando wezokwelapha ongawudalula.
Qala ngokuqedela i- Isicelo se-MedXPress ku-inthanethi. Leli yifomu elisemthethweni le-FAA lapho uzofaka khona umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele, ohlanganisa ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambilini, imithi, ukwelashwa kwengqondo, nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Thembeka futhi ngokucophelela—ukweqiwa kungabangela ukubambezeleka noma kuholele ophenyweni lwe-FAA kamuva.
Letha wonke amadokhumenti afanelekile esivivinyweni sakho. Uma uthatha imithi kadokotela, letha uhlu lwamanje oluvela kudokotela wakho. Uma uke waba nanoma yisiphi isimo esidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela, letha izifinyezo zokukhishwa noma incwadi evela kudokotela wakho echaza isimo sakho sezempilo samanje.
Ezinsukwini ezingaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho, gwema utshwala, lala ngendlela efanele, futhi unciphise i-caffeine uma unokukhathazeka mayelana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Bonisa uphumule kahle futhi ulungele ukuphendula imibuzo yokulandelela evela kuMhloli Wezokwelapha Wezindiza (AME).
Ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo kubonisa ukuthi uzimisele ngokufaneleka kwakho ukundiza—futhi kusiza i-AME ikhiphe isitifiketi sakho ngaphandle kokulibala.
Kwenzekani Ngesikhathi Sokuhlolwa?
Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engama-30–60 futhi kulandela inqubo ehlelekile. Uma usuliqedile futhi uthumele ifomu lakho le-MedXPress ku-inthanethi, uzoletha inombolo yokuqinisekisa ngesikhathi sakho kanye Nokuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha Kwezindiza (AME) okuqinisekiswe yi-FAA.
Ukuhlolwa kuqala ngokubuyekezwa komlando wakho wezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa imithi, izimo zesikhathi esidlule, nanoma yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezifanele. I-AME izoqhathanisa okufakiwe kwakho kwe-MedXPress nezimpendulo zakho zomlomo—ngakho ukungaguquguquki kubalulekile.
Okulandelayo, umhloli uzohlola okubalulekile kwakho, okuhlanganisa umfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Ukubona kwakho nokuzwa kwakho kuzohlolwa kusetshenziswa amashadi ajwayelekile nokuhlolwa komsindo. Ukuhlolwa komchamo kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe izimpawu zesifo sikashukela, izinkinga zezinso, noma izimo ezifihliwe—hhayi izidakamizwa.
Uzobe usudlulela ekuhlolweni komzimba okuhlanganisa ukukhalipha kwemizwa, ukusebenzisana, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo namaphaphu, kanye nokubukeka komzimba kukonke. Uma ufaka isicelo sesitifiketi sezinga lokuqala, lindela ukubhekisisa impilo yenhliziyo kanye EKG (ikakhulukazi uma uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40).
Ekugcineni, i-AME izokhipha isitifiketi sakho ngaso leso sikhathi noma ihlehlise isicelo ku-FAA ukuze sibuyekezwe okwengeziwe. Uma kuhlehliswa, ungase ucelwe ukuthi ulethe amarekhodi ezempilo asekelayo noma ubone uchwepheshe ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe isinqumo.
Inqubo yonke yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA yakhelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphephile ukuthi ungandiza—hhayi ukuvimbela abafake izicelo abanempilo. Ukulungiselela nokwethembeka kuhamba ibanga elide.
Sisebenza Isikhathi Engakanani Isitifiketi Sezokwelapha se-FAA Ngasinye?
Ukuba semthethweni kwesitifiketi sakho sokwelashwa kuncike ezintweni ezimbili: isigaba sesitifiketi osiphethe kanye neminyaka yakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Le migqa yesikhathi ithinta ukuthi uzodinga kaningi kangakanani ukuvuselela futhi uphinde wenze ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA ukuze uhlale usemthethweni futhi ungokoqobo njengomshayeli wendiza.
Kubashayeli bezindiza abancane, izitifiketi ngokuvamile zihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, i-FAA ifinyeza izikhathi zokufaneleka njengoba ukhula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha—ikakhulukazi kulabo abandizela ngokuthengisa noma ngaphansi kwesitifiketi somshayeli wendiza yendiza (ATP).
Nansi incazelo esheshayo yokuthi isitifiketi ngasinye sihlala isikhathi esingakanani sisebenza:
| Ikilasi lesitifiketi | Ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-40 | Iminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu |
|---|---|---|
| Okokuqala | 12 izinyanga | 6 izinyanga |
| Isigaba sesibili | 12 izinyanga | 12 izinyanga |
| Isigaba Sesithathu | 60 izinyanga | 24 izinyanga |
Uma isitifiketi sakho “siphelelwa yisikhathi,” awulahlekelwa ilayisense yakho yokushayela—kodwa ngeke usakwazi ukusebenzisa amalungelo ahlobene naleso sigaba sezokwelapha. Isibonelo, uma isitifiketi sakho sesigaba sokuqala siphelelwa yisikhathi, usengasebenza ngaphansi kwamalungelo esigaba sesibili noma sesithathu uma isitifiketi sisasebenza kulezo zigaba.
Ukwazi umugqa wakho wesikhathi wokuphelelwa yisikhathi kukusiza ukuthi uhlele kusenesikhathi futhi ugweme ukuphazamiseka ekuqeqesheni kwakho indiza, amasheke, noma umsebenzi.
Ungasithola Kanjani I-FAA Aviation Medical Examiner (AME)
Awukwazi ukuthatha ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA nanoma yimuphi udokotela-kufanele kwenziwe yi-FAA-authorized Aviation Medical Examiner (AME). Laba basebenzi baqeqeshelwe ukuhlola abashayeli bezindiza ngokusekelwe kumazinga ezokwelapha e-FAA futhi yibo kuphela abavunyelwe ukukhipha izitifiketi zezokwelapha ze-FAA ezivumelekile.
Indlela elula yokuthola eyodwa ukusebenzisa i- Ithuluzi lendawo le-AME le-FAA elisemthethweni. Ungasesha ngekhodi ye-zip, idolobha, noma isifunda ukuze uthole abahloli abaqinisekisiwe eduze nawe.
Lapho ukhetha i-AME, bheka umuntu osebenza njalo nabashayeli bezindiza, ikakhulukazi uma unomlando wezokwelapha oyinkimbinkimbi. Abanye abahloli banolwazi olunzulu ngabafaki zicelo bokuqala, amacala Okukhishwa Okukhethekile, noma abashayeli bezindiza ngemithi. Ukufunda izibuyekezo noma ukubuza kwakho isikole sendiza izincomo zingakusiza ukhethe ngokuhlakanipha.
Uma usukhethile i-AME, xhumana nabo ngokuqondile ukuze uhlele ukuhlolwa kwakho kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA futhi ubuze ukuthi imaphi amadokhumenti okudingeka uze nawo. Eminye imitholampilo ikuvumela ukuthi ugcwalise ingxenye ye-MedXPress kusenesikhathi; abanye bangakusiza esizeni.
Ukukhetha i-AME efanele kungenza umehluko phakathi kokugunyazwa okusheshayo nokubambezeleka okukhungathekisayo—ngakho-ke thatha isikhathi sakho ukhethe umuntu oqonda izidingo zomshayeli.
Kuthiwani Uma Uhluleka Ukuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA?
Ukuhluleka ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA akusho ukuphela kwamaphupho akho omshayeli. Ezimweni eziningi, isicelo esihlulekile noma esihlehlisiwe singaxazululwa ngamaphepha engeziwe, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, noma inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi Ukukhishwa Okukhethekile.
Uma i-Aviation Medical Examiner yakho (AME) ithola okuthile okungaphandle kwezindinganiso zezokwelapha ze-FAA—njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, umlando wokugula ngengqondo, noma imithi engabikwanga—ingase ihlehlise isicelo sakho ku-FAA. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udaba lwakho luzobuyekezwa kabanzi yithimba le-FAA lezitifiketi zokwelashwa.
Ungase ucelwe ukuthi ulethe amarekhodi engeziwe, uhlolwe ngochwepheshe, noma unikeze incazelo enemininingwane yesimo sakho. Uma kuvunyiwe, i-FAA ingase ikhiphe isitifiketi sezokwelapha Sokukhishwa Okukhethekile, esiza nemikhawulo ethile noma izimo zokuvuselela.
Kwezinye izimo, ungase unqatshelwe ngokuqondile. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ungacela ukucatshangelwa kabusha, ufake isikhalazo ngesinqumo, noma ulinde ukufaka isicelo kabusha ngemva kokuxazulula umbandela wokuyekwa.
Okubalulekile wukungafihli lutho. Uma udalula yonke into ngokwethembeka phakathi nokuhlolwa kwakho kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA futhi ulandele noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezengeziwe eziceliwe, uzoba sethubeni elingcono kakhulu lokuthola isitifiketi sakho—ngisho noma kuthatha isikhathi eside kunalokho obulindelwe.
Ibiza malini Isivivinyo Sezokwelapha se-FAA?
Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA akumahhala—kuyisevisi yangasese ehlinzekwa ngabahloli be-Aviation Medical Examiners (AMEs), futhi izinkokhelo zingahluka kuye ngendawo, isigaba sokuhlolwa, nokuba yinkimbinkimbi.
Kuningi labenzi bezicelo, ububanzi bezindleko obujwayelekile yilaba:
- Isitifiketi Sekilasi Lokuqala: $ 150 - $ 250
- Isitifiketi Sekilasi Lesibili: $ 125 - $ 200
- Isitifiketi Sekilasi Lesithathu: $ 75 - $ 150
Lawa manani ahlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba, ukuhlola ukubona nokuzwa, ukuhlaziya umchamo, nokukhishwa kwesitifiketi sokwelashwa—uma sivunyiwe. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kudinga ukubuyekezwa okwengeziwe noma izivivinyo (ezifana ne-EKG yesigaba sokuqala esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-40), intengo ingaba phezulu.
Khumbula, lezi zivivinyo azimboziwe umshwalense, ngoba zithathwa njengezokundiza okuqondile futhi ezingadingekile ngokwezempilo. Uzokhokha i-AME ngokuqondile, futhi amanani ngokuvamile athunyelwa kuwebhusayithi yabo noma ahlinzekwe lapho ushaya ucingo ukuze ubhukhe.
Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA ngokwako kungabizi kakhulu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuhlela kusengaphambili—ikakhulukazi uma uziqeqesha ngesabelomali esiqinile.
Isiphetho – Zilungiselele, Dlula Ngokuzethemba
Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqala nezibaluleke kakhulu ohambweni lwakho lokuba umshayeli wendiza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqeqeshelwa ilayisense yangasese, ukuhamba ngendiza ngokwezentengiselwano, noma uphokophele izindiza, ukuphumelela lokhu kuhlolwa akunakuxoxiswana—futhi kungaphansi kolawulo lwakho uma uzilungiselela kahle.
Ngokuqonda amakilasi ezitifiketi, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezokwelapha, nokukhetha I-Aviation Medical Examiner efanele, ungagwema ukubambezeleka futhi uye phambili ngokuzethemba. Ngisho noma ubhekene nesimo sokungafanelekile, zisekhona izindlela zokukhishwa Okukhethekile kanye nokubuyekezwa kwe-FAA.
Umsebenzi wakho wokushayela ibhanoyi uqala ngempilo yakho—futhi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-FAA yilapho kuqala khona. Bonisa unolwazi, uzilungiselele, futhi ulungele ukufakazela ukuthi ukulungele ukundiza.
Xhumana nethimba le-Florida Flyers Flight Academy namuhla ku (904) 209-3510 ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokudlulisa izikole zendiza.
