Uma i-ATC ikutshela ukuthi “bamba njengoba kushicilelwe,” uyazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo? Abafundi abaningi bama kancane ngalesi sikhathi. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana namaphethini okubamba kusukela eziyisisekelo kuya emithethweni ye-FAA ukuze ungalokothi ubanjwe ungalindele e-cockpit.
Okuqukethwe
Ezindizeni, ukuphepha akunakuxoxiswana ngakho. Yonke inqubo, ukuqondisa, kanye nemiyalelo evela ku-ATC kuklanyelwe ngenhloso eyodwa engqondweni: ukugcina izindiza kanye nawo wonke umuntu osemkhunjini ephephile. Ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi yezindiza okuphumelelayo yikho okwenza lonke uhlelo lusebenze kahle.
Elinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu kulolo hlelo iphethini yokubamba. Lapho indawo yomoya iminyene, izimo zezulu zishintsha, noma indawo yokugijima ivaliwe okwesikhashana, abashayeli bezindiza badinga indlela ephephile nehlelekile yokulinda. Yilokho kanye iphethini yokubamba ekunikezayo.
Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizohlanganisa konke okudingeka ukwazi, kusukela ezinqubweni zokungena kanye nezinhlobo kuya emithethweni ye-FAA kanye namasu athuthukile. Kodwa okokuqala, ake siphendule umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu: iyini ngempela iphethini yokubamba?
Iyini Iphethini Yokubamba
Buza noma yimuphi umfundi wendiza ukuthi iyini iphethini yokubamba, futhi uzothola impendulo ehlukile njalo. Abanye bangase bakuchaze njengokuzungeza, kanti abanye bakubiza ngokuthi ukulinda esibhakabhakeni. Bobabili baseduze, kodwa akekho kubo olungile.
Iphethini yokubamba ifana nenkundla yomjaho indlela yendiza okugcina indiza endaweni ethile kuze kube yilapho i-ATC iyisusa ukuze iqhubeke. Ilandela indlela eqondile nehlelekile okumele wonke umshayeli wendiza olinganiswe ngezinsimbi ayiqonde.
Iphethini inemilenze emibili eqondile kanye nokujika okubili. Umlenze ongenayo uletha indiza endaweni yokubamba, kuyilapho umlenze ophumayo uyisusa. Ukujika kuxhumanisa imilenze yomibili, kwakha isimo se-oval esiyingqayizivele.
Manje njengoba usuyazi ukuthi iphethini yokubamba ibukeka kanjani, umbuzo olandelayo ubaluleke ngokufanayo: kungani abashayeli bezindiza beyisebenzisa ngempela?
Kungani Kusetshenziswa Amaphethini Okuphatha
Amaphethini okugcina awahleliwe. I-ATC iwakhipha ngezizathu ezithile nezichazwe kahle, futhi wonke umshayeli kudingeka aqonde lezi zizathu ngaphambi kokungena. indawo yomoya elawulwayo.
Izizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuthi kungani i-ATC ingakhipha iphethini yokubamba zihlanganisa:
- Ukuminyana kwezimoto esikhumulweni sezindiza oya kuso
- Isimo sezulu esibi
- Ukuvalwa noma ukulungiswa kwemigwaqo yesitimela
- Ukwehluleka kwemishini noma izinhlelo esikhumulweni sezindiza
- Ukulandelanisa izindiza ukuze zisondele
- Ukusebenza kwe-airspace yokusetshenziswa kwezempi noma okukhethekile
- Ilinde imvume ye-IFR
Ngayinye yalezi zimo idinga i-ATC ukuthi iphathe ukuhamba kwezindiza ngokuphephile nangokuphumelelayo. Esikhundleni sokuthumela izindiza ezindilinga ezingenanjongo, amaphethini okuphatha anikeza abalawuli ithuluzi elihlelekile lokulandelela ithrafikhi ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha.
Kubashayeli bezindiza, ukunikezwa ithuba lokubamba indiza akuyona into ekhathazayo. Kuyingxenye evamile yokundiza kwemishini edinga ukusebenza ngokuthula kanye nobuchwepheshe obuqondile. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ubamba indiza kwenza le nqubo ibe lula kakhulu.
Isakhiwo Esiyisisekelo Sephethini Yokubamba
Yonke iphethini yokubamba ilandela isakhiwo esifanayo esiyisisekelo. Ukuqonda ingxenye ngayinye yikho okuhlukanisa umshayeli wendiza ongangena ngokuzethemba futhi andize i-hold kumuntu oqagelayo nje. Nansi incazelo yalokho okwakha iphethini yokubamba:
1. Ukulungiswa Kokubamba
I-holding fix iyiphuzu eliyisikhonkwane sephethini yonke. Yiphuzu elithile lokuzulazula, ngokuvamile i-VOR, i-NDB, noma i-waypoint, i-ATC eyicacisayo esikhaleni sokubamba. Isekethe ngayinye iqala futhi iphele esikhaleni sokubamba, bese umshayeli wendiza eyinqamula ekuqaleni komlenze ngamunye omusha ongenayo.
2. Umlenze Ongenayo
Umlenze ongenayo yingxenye yephethini lapho indiza indizela khona endaweni yokubamba. Lona umlenze obaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke iphethini. Abashayeli bezindiza kumele bamiswe, baqiniswe, futhi balandelele ngokunembile endaweni elungisiwe. I-ATC ilindele ukuthi indiza ihlelwe ngokugcwele futhi ilungele ukuqhubeka noma ukwenza indlela nganoma yisiphi isikhathi phakathi nomlenze ongenayo.
3. Umlenze Ophumayo
Ngemva kokuwela indawo yokubamba, indiza iyaphenduka bese indizela kude nayo ngomlenze ophumayo. Lomlenze uvame ukuba ngomzuzu owodwa ubude noma ngaphansi kwamafidi angu-14,000 MSL kanye nomzuzu owodwa nesigamu ngaphezulu. Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa lo mlenze ukusetha indiza ukuze ijike ngokulandelayo, ngenkathi benza ukulungiswa komoya ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umlenze ongenayo uhlala usendleleni.
4. Iphuzu le-Abeam
Iphuzu le-abeam yilapho indiza iseduze ngqo nendawo yokubamba ngesikhathi somlenze ophumayo. Lokhu kubhekisela kwesikhathi esibalulekile. Lapho nje indiza ifika endaweni ye-abeam, umshayeli uqala iwashi lokumisa ukuze abeke isikhathi somlenze ophumayo bese eqala ukuhlola ukuzulazula komoya ukuze ahlele ukulungiswa okudingekayo komlenze ongenayo.
5. Uhlangothi Lokubamba Nohlangothi Olungabambeki
Uhlangothi lokubamba yilapho kundiza khona iphethini yonke yethrekhi yomjaho. Uhlangothi olungabambeki luhlangothi oluphambene nomzila ongenayo. Lo mehluko awugcini nje ngokwemfundiso. Unquma ngqo ukuthi umshayeli wendiza ujika ngakuphi endaweni yokubamba nokuthi iyiphi kwezinkambiso ezintathu zokungena ezijwayelekile ezisebenza. Ukuphutha lokhu kusho ukufaka iphethini ngendlela engafanele kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ndawonye, lezi zingxenye ezinhlanu zakha isisekelo sawo wonke amaphethini obamba ozowandiza. Uma usukwazi ukubona ngayinye ngokucacile, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuqonda izinhlobo ezimbili zamaphethini obamba nokuthi zihluke kanjani komunye nomunye.
Izinhlobo Zokubamba Amaphethini
Uma abantu abaningi becabanga ngokubamba amaphethini, bacabanga ukuthi kunendlela eyodwa kuphela yokuwandiza. Iqiniso liwukuthi, indlela ojika ngayo yenza umehluko omkhulu, futhi ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokundiza kungasho umehluko phakathi kokubamba okubushelelezi nephutha elibizayo.
1. Iphethini Ejwayelekile Yokubamba
Iphethini ejwayelekile isebenzisa ukujika kwesokudla. Lolu uhlobo oluzenzakalelayo futhi umshayeli oyedwa ondiza ngaphandle kokuthi i-ATC iyalele ngokuqondile okuhlukile. Wonke amajika ngendlela ejwayelekile ebanjwa ngayo enziwa ngakwesokudla, okugcina iphethini yethrekhi yomjaho ingakwesokunene sendlela engenayo.
2. Iphethini Yokubamba Engeyona Ejwayelekile
Iphethini engeyona ejwayelekile isebenzisa ukujika kwesobunxele. Abashayeli bezindiza bandiza lolu hlobo kuphela uma i-ATC iyiyala ngokuqondile noma uma ishicilelwe eshadini. Wonke amajika enziwa kwesobunxele.
Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili kubalulekile ngoba kuthinta ngqo indlela ofaka ngayo iphethini, okusiholela ekhonweni elilandelayo elibalulekile: indlela yokufaka iphethini yokubamba ngendlela efanele.
Ulifaka Kanjani Iphethini yokubamba
Ukufaka iphethini yokubamba ngendlela efanele kungenye yamakhono avivinywe kakhulu insimbi endizayo. Abashayeli bezindiza abaningi bayazi ukuthi iphethini yokubamba ibukeka kanjani kodwa bayahluleka uma kuziwa ekuyifakeni ngempela. Indlela yokufaka oyisebenzisayo incike ngokuphelele ekutheni uvelaphi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-holding fix.
1. Izindlela Ezintathu Zokungena Ezijwayelekile
I-FAA iyaqaphela izindlela ezintathu ezijwayelekile zokungena zamaphethini okugcina. Ukungena Okuqondile, Ukungena Okuhambisanayo, kanye Nokungena Kwe-Teardrop. Ngayinye yenzelwe indlela ethile yokusondela maqondana nokulungiswa kokubamba kanye nendlela engenayo.
2. Umthetho Weziqu ezingama-70
Umthetho wamadigri angu-70 uwukuthi abashayeli bezindiza banquma kanjani ukuthi iyiphi indawo yokungena okufanele bayisebenzise. Endaweni yokubamba, umshayeli wendiza uhlukanisa indawo yomoya ezungeze indawo yokungena ibe yimikhakha emibili esebenzisa indlela engenayo njengereferensi. Umkhakha ohlangothini lokubamba umboza amadigri angu-70 ukusuka endaweni engenayo. Lapho indiza iwela khona kuleyo mikhakha kunquma indawo efanele yokungena.
3. Ukungena Okuqondile
Ukungena Ngokuqondile kulula kakhulu kulaba abathathu. Indiza idlula endaweni yokubamba bese iphendukela ngqo ephethini ibheke lapho ibamba khona. Isetshenziswa lapho indiza isondela ohlangothini olungabambeki ngaphakathi komkhakha wokungena ngqo.
4. Ukungena Okufanayo
Ukungena Okufanayo kusetshenziswa lapho indiza isondela ohlangothini lokubamba. Umshayeli wendiza uwela i-fix, aphenduke ukuze andize ngokuhambisana nenkambo engenayo ohlangothini lokubamba, bese ephendukela emuva ngase-fix ukuze abambe inkambo engenayo bese eqhubeka nephethini.
5. Ukusebenzisa Izinsimbi Zokubhokoda Ukuze Uthole Okufakiwe Okufanele
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa i-HSI noma i-CDI ukuze babone ngeso lengqondo iphethini yokubamba maqondana nendawo yabo. Ukuphambuka kwenaliti kanye nesikhombisi sendlela kusiza ukuhlonza ukuthi indiza ikuyiphi ingxenye, okwenza kube lula ukukhetha indlela efanele yokungena ngaphambi kokufinyelela endaweni yokubamba.
Indlela Yokundiza Iphethini Yokubamba
Ukwazi ukuthi ungangena kanjani ephethini yokubamba kuyingxenye yempi kuphela. Uma usuzinzile endaweni yokubamba, udinga ukuyindiza ngokunembile, ngempumelelo, nangokuhambisana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso ze-FAA. Nakhu ukuthi lokho kubukeka kanjani ekusebenzeni.
1. Ukugcina Isivinini Esifanele Sokubamba
Ukulawula isivinini kuyinto eza kuqala uma usungene endaweni yokubamba. I-FAA ibeka isivinini esiphezulu sokubamba umoya ngokusekelwe ekuphakameni. Kufika kumamitha angu-6,000 nge-MSL umkhawulo ungamafidi angu-200, kusukela kumamitha angu-6,001 kuya kwangu-14,000 kungamamitha angu-230, kanti ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-14,000 kungamamitha angu-265. Ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwale mingcele kugcina usayizi wephethini ulawuleka futhi kuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezinye izimoto.
2. Ukulungiswa Kwesikhathi Nomlenze Ukuze Kulungiswe Ukukhukhuleka Komoya
Umoya uyinguquko enkulu kakhulu ekubambeni ukunemba kwephethini. Emlenzeni ophumayo, abashayeli bezindiza balungisa isikhathi ukuze babuyisele umphumela womoya emlenzeni ongenayo. Uma umlenze ophumayo uthatha isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu owodwa, umlenze ophumayo uyafinyezwa. Uma umfushane kakhulu, umlenze ophumayo uyanwetshwa. Ukulungiswa kwe-angle yasebhange nakho kuyasetshenziswa ukulandelela indlela yokungena ngokunembile.
3. Ukusebenzisa Amakhompyutha Endiza kanye nama-Avionics Ukulungisa Izinto
Ama-avionics anamuhla enza ukuphathwa kwamaphethini okubamba kube lula kakhulu. Amayunithi e-GPS kanye nezinhlelo ze-FMS zingalandelanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo iphethini yokubamba futhi zinikeze ama-engeli okulungisa umoya. Abashayeli bezindiza kufanele basaziqonda izibalo ezenziwe ngesandla kodwa ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo kunciphisa umthwalo womsebenzi futhi kuthuthukise ukunemba endaweni yokubamba.
4. Amaphutha Avamile nokuthi Ungawagwema Kanjani
Amaphutha avame kakhulu ekubambeni amaphethini ukuwagcina isikhathi, ukulungiswa komoya okungalungile, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuqaphela isimo sendawo yokubamba. Ukulungisa kulula: nciphisa indawo yokubamba ngaphambi kokufika kuyo, setha ama-avionics kusenesikhathi, futhi uhlale uphambi kwendiza ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Imithetho ye-FAA yokubamba Amaphethini
Amaphethini okuphatha akuyona nje indlela yokwenza izinto, ayinqubo elawulwayo. I-FAA imise imithetho ecacile okumele wonke umshayeli wemishini ayazi futhi ayilandele ngaphandle kokukhetha. Nansi imithetho eyinhloko elawula amaphethini okuphatha:
- Isivinini esiphezulu sokubamba umoya ngokuphakama ngakunye
- Izidingo zesikhathi sokubamba amaphethini
- Imiyalelo yokubhalisa ye-ATC
- Izinqubo zokuxhumana ezilahlekile emaphethini okugcina
- Izidingo zikaphethiloli ngenkathi ubamba
Kukhona imikhawulo yesivinini ukuze kugcinwe usayizi wephethini ulawuleka futhi kugcinwe ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile phakathi kwezindiza. Izidingo zesikhathi ziqinisekisa ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza bandiza ngemilenze ehambisanayo nebikezelwayo i-ATC engayihlela.
Imiyalelo yokususwa kwe-ATC kumele ifundwe kahle, futhi ukuhlela uphethiloli ngenkathi ubambe kuyinto ebalulekile yokucatshangelwa kokuphepha. Izinqubo zokuxhumana ezilahlekile azixoxiswani futhi kumele zigcinwe engqondweni ngaphambi kohambo ngalunye lwe-IFR.
Izinselele Ezivamile Nezixazululo
Ngisho nabashayeli bezindiza abanolwazi babhekana nezinselele lapho bephethe amaphethini okundiza. Isihluthulelo ukwazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela nokuba nesisombululo esilungile ngaphambi kokuba inkinga ivele. Nazi izinselele ezine ezivame kakhulu nokuthi ungazisingatha kanjani.
1. Ukulungiswa Kwesikhathi Nomoya Okubi
Umoya uyimbangela evame kakhulu yamaphutha esikhathi ekubambeni. Abashayeli bezindiza abahlulekayo ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa komoya bagcina benomlenze ongenayo omfushane kakhulu noma omude kakhulu. Isixazululo ukufinyeza imimoya ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yokubamba, ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa okuthathu emlenzeni ophumayo, nokulungisa isikhathi kuyo yonke isekethe kuze kube yilapho umlenze ongenayo uhlala umzuzu owodwa.
2. Ukulahlekelwa Ukuqwashisa Ngesimo
Amaphethini okubamba adinga ukuqwashiswa njalo ngesimo. Abashayeli bezindiza abawela ngemuva kwendiza balahlekelwa umkhondo wendawo yabo uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo yokubamba, okuholela ekuphendukeni okungalungile kanye nokuphambuka kwephethini. Isixazululo ukufinyeza ukubamba kahle ngaphambi kokufinyelela endaweni yokubamba, ukusetha ama-avionics kusenesikhathi, bese undiza ngengqondo umlenze ngamunye ngaphambi kokuba uqale.
3. Ukukhetha Okungalungile Kokufaka
Ukukhetha okufakiwe okungalungile kungenye yamaphutha avame ukwenziwa abafundi bezindiza. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho umshayeli ehluleka ukusebenzisa kahle umthetho wamadigri angu-70 ngaphambi kokufinyelela esilungisini. Isixazululo ukuhlonza okufakiwe okufanele okungenani imizuzu emibili ngaphambi kokufinyelela esilungisini sokubamba, okuhlinzeka isikhathi esanele sokusetha kahle.
4. Amaphutha Okuxhumana ne-ATC
Ukufunda kabi noma ukufunda kabi indawo yokubamba kuholela ekungaqondani okuyingozi. Funda njalo indawo yokubamba ephelele okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa, indlela yokujika, indlela engenayo, kanye nobude bomlenze, bese ulinda ukuqinisekiswa kwe-ATC ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yokubamba.
Ukunqoba lezi zinselele kuncike ekulungiseleleni, ekuzithibeni nasekuzijwayezeni. Abashayeli bezindiza abaqhuba amaphethini ngokuzethemba okukhulu yilabo abaqonda hhayi nje izinqubo kodwa namathuluzi atholakalayo okubasiza ukuthi basebenze kahle. Lokho kusiholela ezinsimbini nasebuchwephesheni obenza amaphethini okuphatha abe lula kakhulu ukuwaphatha.
Izinsimbi Namathuluzi Okuphatha Amaphethini
Ukundiza iphethini yokubamba ngokunembile kudinga okungaphezu nje kwekhono nobuchwepheshe. Izinsimbi namathuluzi afanele enza umehluko phakathi komshayeli wendiza ohamba phambili nendiza nomuntu ohlala efika. Wonke umshayeli wezinsimbi kufanele ajwayele okulandelayo:
- Isikhombi Sesimo Esivundlile (i-HSI)
- Inkomba yokuchezuka kwesifundo (CDI)
- I-VOR Receiver
- Umamukeli we-ADF
- Iyunithi ye-GPS
- I-Flight Management System (FMS)
- Iwashi Elimisayo noma Isibali-sikhathi
- I-E6B Flight Computer
Ngayinye yalezi thuluzi idlala indima ethile ekusizeni abashayeli bezindiza ukuba bazulazule, balandelele, babeke isikhathi, futhi balungise indawo yabo kuyo yonke indawo yokubamba. Amanye angokwesiko futhi ayafana, amanye anamuhla futhi adijithali, kodwa wonke ahlala ebalulekile e-cockpit yanamuhla.
Ukuqonda kahle la mathuluzi ngokwesimo samaphethini okuphatha kulungiselela abahloli bezindiza uhlangothi lokulawula lokuphatha, lapho imithetho ye-FAA mayelana namasu athuthukile kanye nokucatshangelwa kuqala khona.
Amasu Okubamba Okuthuthukisiwe
Uma usuwazi kahle izisekelo zokubamba amaphethini, izinga elilandelayo ukufunda ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezimo ezicindezela lawo makhono kuze kube semkhawulweni wawo. Lezi yizimo ezihlukanisa abashayeli bezinsimbi abanekhono kulabo abazethemba ngempela.
1. Ukubamba Imimoya Emikhulu
Imimoya enamandla iyisivivinyo esikhulu sokugcina ukunemba kwephethini. Imimoya enamandla ingaphazamisa kakhulu ukuma kwendlela yomjaho uma ukulungiswa kungenziwa ngamandla. Isihluthulelo ukusebenzisa i-engeli enkulu yokulungisa umoya emlenzeni ongenayo bese ulungisa isikhathi sokuphuma ngokufanele. Abashayeli bezindiza kufanele balindele ukusebenzisa i-engeli yokulungisa umoya ephindwe kathathu ekujikeni okuphumayo ukuze babuyisele ukukhukhuleka nokugcina iphethini ilingana.
2. Ukubamba Isiyaluyalu
Ukuxokozela kwenezela umthwalo womsebenzi futhi kwenza kube nzima ukufaka ukulawula okunembile. Okubaluleke kakhulu ekubambeni okuxokozela ukugcina ukulawula indiza kuqala bese kuba ukunemba kwephethini okwesibili. Yehlisa ijubane lokungena kokuxokozela uma kudingeka, gxila ekundizeni, futhi wamukele ukuphambuka okuncane kunokulungisa ngokweqile nokwenza inkinga ibe nzima.
3. Ukubamba Ezilungisweni Ezingashicilelwanga
I-ATC ingabela iphethini yokubamba kunoma yikuphi ukulungiswa, kufaka phakathi okungashicilelwanga kunoma yiliphi ishadi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umshayeli wendiza kumele akhe iphethini yokubamba ngengqondo esebenzisa ukususwa kwe-ATC njengokuphela kwendlela yokubhekisela. Hlaziya ukususwa ngokucophelela, setha ama-avionics ngokushesha, bese uqinisekisa indlela yokubamba kanye nesiqondiso sokujika ngaphambi kokufinyelela ukulungiswa.
4. Ukubamba Esigxotsheni
Ukubamba inqwaba kusho ukuthi izindiza eziningi zibambene ngendlela efanayo ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuphakamaAbashayeli bezindiza kumele bagcine ukuphakama okunembile, balandele ngokuqinile isikhathi, futhi balalele ngokucophelela imiyalelo ye-ATC. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka ekuphakameni noma isikhathi esinqwabeni kudala ingozi enkulu yokuphepha.
Nakuba lezi zimo ezithuthukile ziyinselele, zonke ziyakwazi ukulawuleka ngokulungiselela, ukuzithiba, kanye nokuqonda kahle imithethonqubo elawula yonke indlela yokubamba endiza emoyeni olawulwayo.
Ukulungele Ukubamba?
Amaphethini okuphatha angenye yamakhono abonakala esabisa ekuqaleni kodwa abe yinto yesibili ngokuzijwayeza nokuqonda. Ingxenye ngayinye, kusukela ekulungiseni ukubamba kuya ezinqubweni ezithuthukisiwe ze-stack, ilandela isakhiwo esinengqondo esakhiwe ngenhloso eyodwa engqondweni: ukuphepha.
Abashayeli bezindiza abaphatha ukubamba ngokuzethemba akubona labo abanenhlanhla. Yibo abazinike isikhathi sokuqonda ukuthi kungani yonke inqubo ilandela, hhayi nje ukuthi kanjani.
Manje usunakho konke okudingayo ukuze ungene, undize, futhi uphathe iphethini yokubamba kunoma yisiphi isimo i-ATC ekuphonsa kuso. Ngesikhathi esizayo lapho uzwa “bamba njengoba kushicilelwe” emsakazweni, uzokwazi kahle ukuthi wenzeni.
Manje hamba uyoyindiza.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa: Amaphethini Okuphatha
Iyini iphethini yokubamba ezindizeni?
Iphethini yokubamba iyindlela yokundiza efana nomzila womjaho esetshenziselwa ukugcina indiza endaweni ekhethiwe kuze kube yilapho i-ATC inikeza imvume yokuqhubeka. Iphakathi nendawo yokuzulazula ebizwa ngokuthi i-holding fix futhi inemilenze emibili eqondile exhunywe ngamajika amabili.
Yiziphi izinqubo ezintathu zokufaka amaphethini okugcina?
Izinqubo ezintathu ezijwayelekile zokungena yi-Direct Entry, Parallel Entry, kanye ne-Teardrop Entry. Ukungena okulungile kunqunywa indawo yendiza maqondana ne-holding fix kusetshenziswa umthetho wama-degree angu-70.
Ingakanani isivinini esiphezulu sephethini yokubamba?
Uma unamafidi angu-6,000 noma ngaphansi kwe-MSL umkhawulo ungamafidi angu-200, kusukela ku-6,001 kuya ku-14,000 i-MSL ungamafidi angu-230, kanti ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-14,000 i-MSL ungamafidi angu-265.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwephethini yokubamba ejwayelekile nengajwayelekile?
Iphethini yokubamba ejwayelekile isebenzisa ukujika kwesokudla futhi iwukuzenzakalelayo. Iphethini yokubamba engeyona ejwayelekile isebenzisa ukujika kwesobunxele futhi indiza kuphela uma iyalelwe ngokuqondile yi-ATC noma ishicilelwe eshadini.
Umlenze ophumayo mude kangakanani ngendlela yokubamba?
Umlenze ophumayo ungomzuzu owodwa noma ngaphansi kwe-MSL yamamitha angu-14,000 kanye nomzuzu owodwa nesigamu ngaphezulu. Isikhathi siqala endaweni lapho indiza iseduze nendawo yokubamba.
Yini okufanele yenziwe umshayeli wendiza uma elahlekelwa ukuxhumana ngenkathi ebambe indiza?
Qhuba indiza ngokushesha bese uqhubeka ubambe kuze kube yilapho isikhathi sokuphumula sikhishwa yi-ATC. Bese uqhubeka nendiza ulandela umzila kanye nokuphakama kwesikhala sokugcina se-ATC ositholile.
Abashayeli bezindiza babhekana kanjani nokukhukhuleka komoya ngendlela yokubamba?
Abashayeli bezindiza basebenzisa i-engeli yokulungisa umoya kathathu emlenzeni ophumayo bese belungisa isikhathi sokuphuma kwesekethe ngayinye kuze kube yilapho umlenze ongenayo uqhubeka umzuzu owodwa.
