Fundisa ii-Spin, kungabi yi-Fly nje: Uqeqesho lokuxhasa ii-Spin lwabaFundi be-CFI

Abafaki-zicelo bokuqala be-CFI-Airplane kunye ne-CFI-Glider kufuneka bagqibe uqeqesho lokuxhasa i-spin phantsi 14 CFR § 61.183(i) ngaphambi kohambo lwabo lokuhlola. Isiqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuba unobuchule bokufundisa ekuqondeni i-stall, ukungena kwi-spin, i-spins, kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela i-spin, kungekuphela nje ukuba usinde kwiinguqu ezimbalwa. Uqeqesho lwenzeka kwinqwelo-moya eqinisekisiweyo yi-spin, kwaye i-logbook engeniswayo iya ngqo kumaxwebhu akho ovavanyo olusebenzayo kumvavanyi wenqwelo-moya otyunjiweyo.

TL; DR:

• Abafundisi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babonise ubuchule bokufundisa ekuqondeni indawo yokulinda, ukungena kwindawo yokujikeleza, ukujikeleza, kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, ngaphandle kwenani elincinci lokujika okanye iiyure zokubhabha.
• Uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo luthatha iyure e-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zokubhabha kunye nemiyalelo yomhlaba, kubandakanya ukujija nokuziqhelanisa kunye nemiboniso yokufundisa ukuvavanya ubuchule bokufundisa bokwenyani.
• Iinqwelomoya ezivunyiweyo zokuxhasa ukujikeleza ziquka iinqwelomoya ezinjengeCitabria, iSuper Decathlon, iPitts, iExtra, kunye neCessnas ethile, enemiqathango engqongqo kwezi nqwelomoya.
• Imvume esemthethweni ye-logbook kufuneka ilandele isampuli yamagama e-FAA ukuqinisekisa ngokucacileyo ubuchule bokufundisa; uvavanyo oluphindwe kabini olune-in-flight spins lunokufuneka ukuba kufunyenwe iziphene kamva.
• Ukulungiselela ngempumelelo kubandakanya ukufunda iinkqubo zokujikeleza ezihambelana nenqwelo-moya, ukuziqhelanisa nokufundisa, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba utitshala usebenzisa imali engakanani, kwaye iindleko zixabisa umyinge we-$400 ukuya kwi-$800 kwiseshoni nganye.

Isiqulatho

• Yintoni efunekayo ngokwenene kuQeqesho lokuVunywa kwe-FAA Spin?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lesifundo esiqhelekileyo sokuqinisekiswa kwe-Spin?
• Zeziphi Iinqwelo-moya Ezivunyiweyo Uqeqesho Lokuxhasa I-Spin?
• Yintoni Emele Ithethwe Yi-Logbook Endorsement?
• Ufanele Uziqhelise Njani Ngaphambi Kokuba Ufunde Kwaye Uziqhelise?
• Ixabisa malini i-Spin Endorsement kwaye ukhetha njani umboneleli?
• Ngaba Ufuna Uvavanyo Oluthile Ngaphambi Koqeqesho Lokuqinisekiswa Kwe-Spin?
• Ufanele Ubhale Njani Uqeqesho Lwe-Spin Ngaphandle Kwemvume?
• Yintoni ebangela ukuba uninzi lwabafundi luphazamiseke ngexesha loqeqesho lwe-Spin?
• Ziziphi iindlela zoKhuseleko ekufuneka zilawulwe yiSifundo ngasinye seSpin?
• Ungabafumana phi abaqeqeshi abafanelekileyo kolu qeqesho?
• Kutheni ukuThotyelwa kweMithetho okuNcinci kungeyona njongo ifanelekileyo kule mvume
• Fumana uqeqesho lokuqinisekiswa kwe-Spin oluhambelana ne-FAA eFlightschoolusa
• imithombo
• FAQ

Yintoni efunekayo ngokwenene kuQeqesho lokuVunywa kwe-FAA Spin?

Lo mgaqo ngokwawo umfutshane, kodwa uqulethe izinto ezine ezahlukeneyo zoqeqesho kwisivakalisi esinye. Phantsi kwe-14 CFR § 61.183(i), umfaki-sicelo wesatifikethi sokuqala se-CFI-Airplane okanye se-CFI-Glider kufuneka afumane uqeqesho lokubhabha ngomhla:

• Iinkqubo zokungena kwi-Spin
• Iinkqubo zokubuyisela umva ujikelezo
• Ulwazi ngevenkile
• Indlela yokufundisa efunekayo ukufundisa oku kumfundi wexesha elizayo

Qaphela oko umthetho ungakutshoyo. Awukhe uchaze inani elincinci lokujika, inani elifunekayo leeyure zokubhabha, okanye inani lokujika elidlulayo/elingaphumeleliyo kwi-checkride. Umgangatho usemgangathweni: kufuneka ube "nobuchule" kwaye "ube nobuchule bokufundisa," ulwimi olutshintsha ingqwalasela ukusuka kwisakhono sokunamathela somntu ukuya kwisakhono sakho sokufutshane, ukubonisa, kunye nokulungisa ukuqondwa kunye nokubuyiselwa kokujikeleza komnye umqhubi.

Amaxwebhu amathathu e-FAA azalisa iinkcukacha ezisebenzayo. I-AC 61-65K Ibonelela ngesampulu yamagama axhasayo eencwadi zokubhala umqeqeshi wakho aza kuwasebenzisa. I-AC 61-67C ichaza umxholo woqeqesho lokwazisa nge-stall kunye ne-spin olulindele ukuba abafundisi bawugubungele. I-CFI Airplane ACS ikuxelela oko umvavanyi wenqwelo moya otyunjiweyo angakubuza malunga ne-stall kunye ne-spin ngexesha lakho lomlomo kunye nokusebenza.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lesifundo esiqhelekileyo sokuqinisekiswa kwe-Spin?

Uninzi lweeseshoni zokuxhasa ukujikeleza zilandela umqolo oqikelelweyo, owakhelwe malunga nengxoxo yomhlaba, icandelo lokubhabha, kunye nomboniso wokufundisa. Ishishini liqhuba iiyure ezili-1.0 ukuya kwezi-2.0 zemiyalelo yokubhabha kabini kunye neyure e-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zexesha lokubhabha, kwaye ababoneleli abaninzi bacwangcisa uhambo lokubhabha olujikeleze iijikelezo ezimbini ngasekhohlo nezimbini ngasekunene.

1. Inkcazelo yomhlaba. Umqeqeshi wakho ugubungela i-aerodynamics ye-stall/spin, imida yomthwalo, iinkqubo zokungena kunye nokubuyisela kwinqwelo-moya ethile, kunye neemfuno zeparashuti okanye zokwazisa ezinxulumene nokujikeleza ngabom.
2. Ukuchonga nokubuyisela isitali. Ngaphambi kokuba ujikeleziso luqale, ubonisa ukuqaphela kakuhle i-stall esondelayo kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo ngokukhawuleza, kuba i-spin yi-stall engalungiswanga ene-yaw eyongezelelweyo.
3. Ukungena kunye nokubuyiselwa kwe-spin. Ufaka ii-spin ezivela kwiiseti ezilungelelanisiweyo nezilawulwayo, uze ubuyisele usebenzisa inkqubo epapashwe yinqwelo-moya, ngesiqhelo ukujikeleza kane ukuya kathandathu ngeseti nganye.
4. Umboniso wokufundisa. Le yeyona nto abaviwa abayithatha lula. Umqeqeshi wakho ukuyalela ukuba uchaze le ndlela ngokuvakalayo, ngokungathi ufundisa umfundi wenqwelo moya ozimeleyo onexhala, aze ahlole ukuba ingcaciso yakho ingamgcina ekhuselekile na loo mfundi.

Elo nyathelo lokugqibela kulapho kuvavanywa khona "ubuchule bokufundisa" ngexesha langempela. Umqeqeshi okwaziyo ukujikelezisa inqwelo-moya ngokucocekileyo kodwa engenakukwazi ukubalisa isizathu sokuba impumlo yenze oko ikwenzayo akakafikeleli kumgangatho okwangoku.

Zeziphi Iinqwelo-moya Ezivunyiweyo Uqeqesho Lokuxhasa I-Spin?

Ayizizo zonke iingqeqeshwa ezilungele ngokomthetho okanye ngokusondeleyo ii-spins ezicwangcisiweyo. Izikolo ngokubanzi zikhetha i-aircraft eyakhelwe ngenjongo, kwaye ngesizathu esivakalayo: i-envelope ebanzi yokubhabha yenza iimpawu ze-spin zicace ngakumbi kwaye imida yokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo ixolela ngakumbi kumfundi osafunda ukufunda i-aircraft.

• ICitabria kunye neSuper Decathlon — inqwelo-moya yodidi olusebenzayo esetyenziswa kakhulu kuqeqesho lokujikajika kunye nolokujika, kunye nemida emininzi ye-CG yomsebenzi wokujikajika.
• IiPitts kunye neemodeli ezongezelelweyo — iinqwelomoya zodidi lwe-aerobatic ezibonelela ngomgama omkhulu womsebenzi ophucukileyo wokuqhuba, oqhelekileyo kwizikolo ezizinikeleyo ze-aerobatic.
• Cessna 152 Aerobat — ifreyimu yomoya yomqeqeshi eqhelekileyo eqiniswe kwiispin zeklasi eziluncedo, ukhetho oluqhelekileyo kwizikolo ezitshintsha abafundi ukusuka kwiCessnas eqhelekileyo.
• Cessna 172 — ivunyiwe kwi-spin ezijikelezayo ngabom kuphela kwiCandelo leeNkonzo, abahlali bezihlalo zangaphambili kuphela, ngaphakathi kwe-envelope encinci yobunzima nokulinganisela echazwe kwi-POH.

Ngenxa yokuba loo mvulophu ye-172 ingqongqo kakhulu, uninzi lwabafundisi-ntsapho lukhokelela abaviwa kwiifreyimu ze-airframe ezizinikeleyo.

Icebiso Pro: Ngaphambi kokuba ubhukishe isifundo, buza isikolo ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ngaba umqeqeshi unolwazi ngezifundo zomoya kunye nokuba ngaba uhlolo lwamva nje lonyaka lwenqwelo moya luyilungisile ngokukodwa na ijikelezo elihlosiweyo. Inqwelo moya ejikelezayo enolawulo oluphindwe kabini enesithuba sokulungiswa kwelo candelo iyingozi enkulu kunendlela yokuqhuba.

Yintoni Emele Ithethwe Yi-Logbook Endorsement?

Amagama asetyenziswayo abaluleke kakhulu njengexesha lokubhabha. Isihlomelo A.49 se-AC 61-65K sibonelela ngolwimi lokuxhasa olusetyenziswa yi-FAA, kwaye abafundisi abaphambukayo kuloo sampuli banomngcipheko wokudala ukungacaci komvavanyi wenqwelo moya otyunjiweyo ekufuneka asombulule ngosuku lokujonga. Ukusebenzisa amagama asetyenziswa yi-sampuli kuthintela loo ngxabano ngokupheleleyo, kuba kuqinisekisa ukuba kuthetha ukuthini kanye kanye "ubuchule bokufundisa" ekubhaleni.

Ukuqinisekiswa ngokwako kusebenza njengobungqina, kungekhona njengomthetho. Kuxelela umvavanyi ukuba utitshala wakho uqinisekisa ngokwakhe ukuba ungamfundisa ukuqonda nge-stall, ukungena kwi-spin, i-spins, kunye nokubuyisela, yiyo loo nto abavavanyi abaninzi beyamkela i-logbook endaweni yokufuna umboniso we-spin ngexesha le-CFI practical.

Umviwa ongaphumeleliyo kwi-CFI checkride yokuqala ngenxa yokusilela kwe-stall okanye i-spin unokujongana nesidingo sovavanyo oluphinda lubandakanye umboniso wokujikeleza emoyeni kwinqwelo-moya eqinisekisiweyo yi-spin, nokuba imvume yokuqala yayikwifayile.

Loo nto inye yeyona ngxoxo inamandla yokuthatha olu qeqesho nzulu okokuqala, endaweni yokulujonga njengebhokisi ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi koviwo.

Ufanele Uziqhelise Njani Ngaphambi Kokuba Ufunde Kwaye Uziqhelise?

Ukulungiselela kwahlulwe ngeendlela ezintathu: ulwazi, ukulungela ukuthetha, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokufundisa. Ukutsiba nayiphi na kuzo kubonakala kwangoko xa i-DPE iqala ukubuza imibuzo elandelayo.

1. Funda nge-aerodynamics. Yazi i-engile yendlela yokuhlasela kwi-stall, umahluko phakathi kokujikeleza kokuqala kunye nophuhliso olupheleleyo, kunye ne-PARE recovery mnemonic: i-power idle, i-ailerons ingathathi cala, i-rudder ichasene ngokupheleleyo, ilifti isiya phambili ngokukhawuleza. Soloko ulandela inkqubo ye-POH yenqwelo-moya ethile kune-mnemonic eqhelekileyo.
2. Lungiselela ukutya ngomlomo. Ziqhelise ukuchaza, ngokuvakalayo, isizathu sokuba ukujika kokugqibela okulawulwayo kuyingozi, kwaye ulungele imibuzo efana ne-ACS malunga ne-load factor, i-yaw embi, kunye nokulandelelana kokubuyisela.
3. Ziqhelise ukufundisa, kungabi yindlela nje yokwenza izinto. Yenza isifundo sokulinganisa nomntu osebenza naye osebenza njengomfundi wakho, ugcwalise iskripthi esipheleleyo sengcaciso kunye nengxoxo emva koko echaza into oza kuyitshintsha kwixesha elizayo.

Ukuhlola iinkcukacha ezineenkcukacha isikhokelo sokujika esithe tyaba Ngaphambi kokuba iseshoni yakho ikunike isigama sokuchaza ulandelelwano lokuchacha ngokuchanekileyo endaweni yezandla ezingacacanga. Abaviwa abakwishedyuli ekhawulezileyo badla ngokudibanisa oku nesicwangciso esibanzi se-CFI fast-track ukuze i-spin endorsement ifike kwindawo efanelekileyo kumgca wayo wexesha.

Icebiso Pro: Rekhoda eyakho ingcaciso kwifowuni yakho ngexesha lokuziqhelanisa uze uyidlale kwakhona. Uninzi lwabaviwa luyothuka xa bebona amagama amaninzi agcwalisayo kunye neengcingo ezingena kwingcaciso yabo de bayive ngokwabo.

Ixabisa malini i-Spin Endorsement kwaye ukhetha njani umboneleli?

Uqeqesho lokuxhasa ukujikeleziswa kwe-spin oluzimeleyo ludla ngokuqhutywa $ 400 ku $ 800, egubungela ukuqeshisa iinqwelomoya, ixesha lomqeqeshi, kunye noqeqesho lomhlaba. Olu luhlu ludla ngokuthatha iseshoni yesiqingatha sosuku ukuya kusuku olupheleleyo; abanye ababoneleli banikezela ngeentsuku ezininzi Icandelo 141 izifundo okanye imisebenzi ye-FAA WINGS evunyiweyo ezidlula umlinganiselo ofunekayo kwaye zihlanganise uqeqesho olubanzi lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Ngaphambi kokuba ubhukishe, jonga ezi mpawu zenkqubo eqhutywa kakuhle:

• Isikolo sibhabha ngenqwelo-moya yodidi oluphezulu okanye yodidi oluphezulu, kungekhona umqeqeshi oqhelekileyo odlula indawo yaso yokuzola.
• Utitshala unamava okufundisa nge-aerobatic ngoku, kungekhona nje incwadi ye-logbook yeminyaka eyadlulayo.
• Le nkqubo ingakubonisa isampuli yesilabhasi kwaye icacise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye egutyungelwe licandelo elisezantsi.
• Inqwelo-moya ine-inshorensi efanelekileyo yokuqhuba umjikelo ngenjongo kunye nokufundisa ngenqwelomoya.

Ngaba Ufuna Uvavanyo Oluthile Ngaphambi Koqeqesho Lokuqinisekiswa Kwe-Spin?

Imvume ngokwayo ayinaso isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni esibhaliweyo kumgaqo, kodwa indlela esebenzayo ekhoyo apho. Kufuneka usebenze ngokukhutheleyo ukuze ufumane isatifikethi sokuqala se-CFI-Airplane okanye i-CFI-Glider, oko kuthetha ukuba sele usifumene isatifikethi sakho sokuqhuba inqwelo moya (okanye isatifikethi sabucala esinomgangatho wesixhobo kwezinye iindlela ze-CFI-glider) kwaye wakha amava okubhabha afunwa ziireyithingi.

Ngaphandle kwephepha, izikolo zilindele isiseko sentuthuzelo yokubambelela kunye ne-rudder ngaphambi kokuba zikufake kwi-spin ehleliweyo. Ukuba ukubhabha kwakho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku bekusoloko kukwii-trainers ezithobekileyo ezineempawu ezithambileyo ze-stall, xelela utitshala wakho oko kwangaphambili. Uninzi lweenkqubo ezidumileyo ziya kongeza isimo sengqondo esingaqhelekanga kunye nomsebenzi wokubhabha kancinci kwicandelo lomhlaba endaweni yokucinga ukuba uhambe ulungele ukujika.

Inqaku elinye elifanele ukukhunjulwa: olu vuselelo luyimfuneko eyenzeka kube kanye enxulumene nesatifikethi sakho sokuqala se-CFI. Akufuneki luphindwe ukuze ufumane amanqaku ootitshala abongezelelweyo njenge-CFII okanye i-MEI kamva emsebenzini wakho. Oko kwenza ukuba kufuneke ukwenziwa ngocoselelo okokuqala endaweni yokungxama ucinga ukuba uza kuphinda ujonge esi sihloko ekuhambeni kwexesha, kuba mhlawumbi akuyi kufuneka wenze njalo.

Ukuba usakha isatifiketi sorhwebo esikwenza ufaneleke, kufanelekile ukuba ubhale imephu yakho iimfuno zoqeqesho lokulinga ngoku ke i-spin endorsement ifika kwindawo efanelekileyo kulandelelwano lwakho, kungekhona njengomzuzu wokugqibela wokuxakeka iveki ngaphambi kohambo lwakho lokujonga.

Ufanele Ubhale Njani Uqeqesho Lwe-Spin Ngaphandle Kwemvume?

Ukuqinisekiswa kwencwadi yengxelo yezemali bubungqina obusemthethweni, kodwa asikuko kuphela amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ukugcinwa. Isivakalisi esinye kwincwadi yakho yengxelo yezemali sixelela i-DPE ukuba uqeqesho lwenzekile; asikuxeleli, emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, ukuba uthethe ntoni na.

Gcina irekhodi yoqeqesho lwakho kunye nemvume esemthethweni ebhala umhla, uhlobo lwenqwelo moya kunye nenombolo yomsila, iindlela ezithile ezenziweyo (ukungena, ukubuyiselwa, imiboniso yokulawula), kunye nazo naziphi na iziphene eziphawulwe ngumqeqeshi wakho. Oku kubalulekile ngezizathu ezibini ezisebenzayo. Okokuqala, ukuba ufuna ukuchaza imbali yakho yoqeqesho komnye umvavanyi okanye isebe loqeqesho lomqeshi wexesha elizayo, irekhodi eneenkcukacha ixhasa ulwimi olungenanto yokuxhasa. Okwesibini, ukuba umzamo wakho wokuqala kwi-CFI practical urhoxiswa ngezizathu ezinxulumene nee-stalls okanye ii-spins, irekhodi yobuqu ecacileyo ikunceda wena kunye nomqeqeshi wakho nibone ukuba yintoni eninokuyiphinda niyijonge ngaphambi kovavanyo kwakhona.

Abaviwa abaninzi baphinda bathathe iifoto okanye bagcine izixhobo zokubhala phantsi, ingakumbi nayiphi na imizobo egubungela umthwalo, i-yaw engalunganga, okanye ulandelelwano lokubuyisela olukhethekileyo kwinqwelo-moya oluvela kwi-POH. Abafundisi ngamanye amaxesha bazoba ezi zinto ngesandla ngexesha leseshoni emfutshane, kwaye azifane zisinde emva kwesifundo ngaphandle kokuba uzithathele imifanekiso. Ukuphatha ukuqinisekiswa kokujikeleza njengayo nayiphi na eminye imicimbi yoqeqesho ebaluleke kakhulu, enendlela yayo ephepheni, kuyakukhusela ukuba umbuzo uvela malunga nokuba "luluphi ulwazi lokufundisa" olugutyungelwe kwimeko yakho.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba uninzi lwabafundi luphazamiseke ngexesha loqeqesho lwe-Spin?

Ukudideka kolu luhlu. Imvakalelo yokubona kunye neyokujikeleza, ingakumbi i-horizon ejikelezayo ngokukhawuleza, ibamba abantu abaqalayo bengalindelanga nokuba bayiqonda kakuhle i-aerodynamics ephepheni. Ukulungisa akusiyo into yokufunda umhlaba. Kukuphindaphinda emoyeni, kuba impendulo yokudideka iyaphela ngokubonakalayo emva kokujikeleza kwesibini okanye kwesithathu xa indlebe yakho yangaphakathi kunye namehlo ziqala ukuvumelana kwakhona.

Umzabalazo wesibini oqhelekileyo kukudideka ulandelelwano oluqhelekileyo lwe-PARE mnemonic kunye nenkqubo ye-POH yenqwelo-moya ethile. Ezinye iinqwelo-moya zifuna umyalelo wokufaka ulawulo owahlukileyo kancinci, kwaye abaviwa abakhumbule i-mnemonic ngaphandle kokujonga i-POH ngamanye amaxesha bayathandabuza ngexesha elibi kakhulu. Soloko uchaza ngokucacileyo inkqubo ethile yenqwelo-moya, kungekuphela nje i-mnemonic eqhelekileyo.

Okwesithathu, abaviwa abaninzi banokwenza le ndlela kodwa bame xa beceliwe ukuba bayifundise. Ukubhabha ujikeleze kwaye ubalise ngokubuya kokujikeleza ngexesha langempela ngelixa "umfundi" esabela ngokungacwangciswanga esebenzisa izihlunu ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda ngokupheleleyo. Isisombululo kukuqhelisela, ngakumbi iiseshoni zokufundisa ezihlekisayo ezixutyushwe ngaphambili, zisebenza amaxesha aneleyo kangangokuba ingcaciso iba yezenzekelayo kunokuba yinto oyibhalayo ngephanyazo.

Okokugqibela, abanye abafundi abayinaki indlela evakala ngayo iseshoni enzima ngokomzimba. Ukungena ngokulandelana kwezifundo kunokubangela isicaphucaphu esincinci nakubaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanamava. Abafundisi abadumileyo bayakha ikhefu kwaye abayi kutyhala intlungu ecacileyo ukuze bagqibezele isicwangciso sesifundo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ziziphi iindlela zoKhuseleko ekufuneka zilawulwe yiSifundo ngasinye seSpin?

Uqeqesho lokujika iintambo lunomngcipheko wokwenene ukuba inqwelo moya, umqeqeshi, okanye inkqubo ayilunganga kulo mgaqo, yiyo loo nto isikhokelo se-FAA kwi-AC 61-67C siphatha ulwazi lokujika iintambo njengesifundo soqeqesho esahlukileyo endaweni yokucinga ngasemva okuxhomekeke kuqheliselo lokujika iintambo.

Iseshoni nganye kufuneka iqale ngokuhlolwa kobunzima kunye nokulinganisela okujolise kwimida yokujikeleza, kuba uninzi lweenqwelo moya ezivunyiweyo ukuba zijikeleze zithintelwe ngaphandle koluhlu oluncinci lweCG. Umqeqeshi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ulawulo oluphindwe kabini lusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwaye aqinisekise ukuba imeko yokugcinwa kwenqwelo moya ixhasa ukujikeleza ngabom, kungekuphela nje ukubhabha okuqhelekileyo. Uqeqesho lokuphakama lubaluleke kakhulu njengokuqhuba ngokwalo: ukungena kudla ngokuqala ngaphezulu kwe-3,000 feet AGL ukushiya umda obanzi wokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo, kwaye ukuphakama okunzima kokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kufuneka kubekwe kwaye kuhlonitshwe ngaphambi kokuba uhambo luphume emhlabeni.

Imali yomfundisi yeyona nto abaviwa abangayicingiyo ukuba babuze ngayo. Umfundisi ongakhange aqhube ii-aerobatic maneuvers kutshanje, nokuba une-logbook enomtsalane kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, usenokuba ulahlekelwe yi-fine motor calibration efunekayo kuqeqesho lwe-spin. Buza ngokuthe ngqo ngamava okufundisa nge-aerobatic kutshanje ngaphambi kokuba ubhukishe.

Okokugqibela, chaza imigaqo yokuphuma kwenqwelo moya ngaphambi kokuba isuke, hayi ngexesha lokuqhuba. Yazi kwangaphambili ukuba zeziphi iimeko (ukulahleka kokuphakama, ukuphazamiseka kwendlela, inkxalabo yoomatshini) ezibangela ukuba imoto ime ngoko nangoko, ukuze kungabikho mntu uthatha isigqibo esifanelekileyo phakathi komjikelo.

Ungabafumana phi abaqeqeshi abafanelekileyo kolu qeqesho?

Ayizizo zonke izikolo zokuqhuba iinqwelomoya ezibonelela ngoqeqesho lokuxhasa ukujikeleza ngaphakathi, kuba lufuna inqwelo moya enamandla okubhabha kunye nomqeqeshi onemali ethile uninzi lwabaqeqeshi abaqhelekileyo kunye nee-CFIs abangazigciniyo. Qala ngokubuza isikolo sakho sokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya ngoku ngqo ukuba bayayinikezela okanye bagcina ubudlelwane bokudluliselana nesikolo esinayo.

Ngaphaya kwesikolo sakho sasekhaya, jonga izikolo ezithengisa imiyalelo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo okanye ye-aerobatic, kuba ezi nkqubo zihlala zigcina uhlobo lwenqwelo moya kwaye utitshala eguqula iimfuno zokuxhasa. Imisebenzi evunyiweyo yi-FAA WINGS, njengezifundo ze-CFI spin zeentsuku ezininzi ezidweliswe kwi-FAAAfety.gov, yindawo yokuqala ethembekileyo kuba sele ihlolwe ngokuchasene nekharityhulam echaziweyo.

Xa uqhagamshelana nomntu oza kuba ngumboneleli weenkonzo, buza imibuzo emithathu ethe ngqo: ukuba usebenzisa yiphi inqwelo moya, kutshanje umqeqeshi uqhube njani ngesantya esiphezulu somoya nomfundi, kwaye nokuba angakubonisa na ucwangciso lwesifundo esibhaliweyo ngaphambi kokuba uzibophelele ekubhukisheni. Isikolo esiphendula zonke ezintathu ngaphandle kokuthandabuza sidla ngokuba sisikolo esifanelekileyo ukuqeqeshwa kuso.

Kutheni ukuThotyelwa kweMithetho okuNcinci kungeyona njongo ifanelekileyo kule mvume

Lo mthetho ubeka umgangatho, hayi ithagethi. Abaviwa abaphatha ukuvunywa kwe-spin njengomthetho wemihla ngemihla badla ngokuba ngabo bama ngexesha lomlomo okanye baphonononge umboniso wokufundisa xa i-DPE ihlola ngaphaya komphezulu. Uqeqesho olunzulu, oluquka ukuziqhelanisa nokufundisa ngokwenene kunye neengxoxo ezinyanisekileyo, luvelisa abafundisi abangadingi kuvavanywa kwakhona kwaye abanokugcina umfundi wexesha elizayo ekhuselekile xa loo mfundi engena kwi-spin engenangqondo kwiminyaka ezayo.

Iinkqubo ezakhiwe ngokumalunga nokulungiselela iimviwo ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, zivelisa abaviwa abapasa kakuhle okokuqala. Ngumgangatho ofanelekileyo ukuqeqeshwa kuwo.

— uRainer

Fumana uqeqesho lokuqinisekiswa kwe-Spin oluhambelana ne-FAA eFlightschoolusa

I-Flightschoolusa iqhuba uqeqesho lokujikeleza kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo njengenxalenye ecwangcisiweyo yokulungiselela kwayo i-CFI, kungekhona ingcinga eqhubekayo efakwe ngaphambi kokuba ujonge uhambo lwakho. Kuba i-academy iqhuba uqeqesho lokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. Igunya Lokuzihlola, ingenza i-FAA yakho esebenzayo ngaphakathi endlwini xa imvume yakho kunye nezinye iimfuno zigqityiwe, isusa ukulibaziseka kweshedyuli okubangela ukuba abaviwa abaninzi babambezeleke kwiindawo zovavanyo ezizimeleyo kwezinye iindawo.

Ngaphambi kokuba ubhukishe, uya kufuna isatifikethi sakho sokuqhuba inqwelo moya (okanye imfuneko efanelekileyo yendlela ye-CFI-Glider) kunye namava okuhamba ngenqwelo moya afunwa yisatifikethi. Ukusuka apho, indlela yoqeqesho lwe-CFI ifaka uqeqesho lokuxhasa olujikelezayo ngqo kumgca wakho wesatifikethi, kunye neeseshoni zokulungiselela ngomlomo kunye nokufundisa okufana noko umvavanyi wenqwelo moya otyunjiweyo aza kukucela. Abaviwa abagqibe uqeqesho lwangaphambili kwisikolo sokubhabha banokungenelwa kukuqhubela phambili kunye nabafundisi-ntsapho abaqhuba imbali yoqeqesho ukuya kulungiselelo lokuhlola uhambo.

Qala ngokuphonononga inkqubo yoqeqesho lomsebenzi we-CFI ukuze ubone ukuba uqeqesho lokuxhasa nge-spin luhambelana njani nesicwangciso sakho esibanzi sesatifikethi, uze uqhagamshelane nawe ukuze ucwangcise ixesha lakho lokubonisana ngendiza kunye neseshoni yakho yokuqhuba uhambo ngenqwelomoya.

imithombo

• 14 CFR § 61.183 — Iimfuneko zokufaneleka: abafundisi beenqwelo-moya
• I-AC 61-65K — Iirekhodi zoMqhubi kunye neeNgqinisekiso zeLogbook (FAA)
• Uqeqesho lokujika kwi-CFI yakho: into onokuyilindela (i-Angle of Attack)

FAQ

Ngaba kufuneka isiqinisekiso sokujikeleza ngasinye somqeqeshi wendiza siqinisekiswe?

Hayi. Ifuneka kuphela kwisatifikethi sokuqala se-CFI-Airplane okanye se-CFI-Glider phantsi kwe-14 CFR § 61.183(i), kungekhona kwiireyithingi ezongezelelweyo kamva ezifana ne-CFII okanye i-MEI.

Zingaphi ii-spin ekufuneka ndizifake ukuze ndifumane imvume?

Lo mthetho awubeki manani amiselweyo, kodwa ngokwesiko leshishini ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukujikeleza okubini ngasekhohlo kunye nokujikeleza okubini ngasekunene ngexesha leseshoni yokubhabha yeeyure ezili-1.0 ukuya kwezi-2.0.

Ngaba iCessna 172 ingasetyenziselwa uqeqesho lokuxhasa ukujikeleziswa kwebhola?

Kuphela kwiCandelo leeNkonzo, abantu abakwizihlalo zangaphambili kuphela, kwaye ngaphakathi kwemida emincinci yobunzima nokulinganisela ebekwe kwi-POH, yiyo loo nto uninzi lwezikolo lukhetha iinqwelomoya ezizinikeleyo endaweni yoko.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndiyasilela kwi-CFI checkride kwiindawo zokubeka okanye zokujikeleza?

Uvavanyo oluphindwe kabini lunokufuna umboniso wokujikeleza emoyeni kwinqwelo-moya eqinisekisiweyo yi-spin, nangona imvume yokuqala ebhaliweyo isasefayilini.

Ngaba iFlightschoolusa iyalunika uqeqesho lokuxhasa ukujikeleziswa kwebhola?

Ewe. I-Flightschoolusa yakha uqeqesho lokubuyela umva kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kulungiselelo lwayo lwe-CFI kwaye isebenzisa iGunya layo lokuZihlola ukucwangcisa uhambo lokujonga ngaphakathi endlwini emva kokuba uqeqesho lugqityiwe.

kucetyiswa

• I-Flat Spin: #1 Isikhokelo esigqibeleleyo soThintelo kunye noBuyiselo
• Ukuqinisekiswa kweNtsebenzo ePhakamileyo: Isikhokelo soMqhubi we-FAA
• Iimfuno zoNcedo oluQhelekileyo: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo se-FAA