Izakhono zoMqhubi: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sovavanyo lweenqwelo moya ngokwenene

Umqhubi wenqwelo moya onokubhabha inqwelo moya kodwa aqine xa imozulu itshintsha akangomntu ofunwa yinkampani yeenqwelo moya kwisihlalo sasekhohlo. Ishishini leenqwelo moya lidlule kwixesha apho italente ye-raw stick kunye ne-rudder yayanele ukuqhuba umsebenzi. Izakhono zokuqhuba iilori yinkqubo edibeneyo, hayi uluhlu lwezinto ezinokwenziwa ngabanye abantu., kwaye iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya ziyabavavanya kunye phantsi koxinzelelo.

Uninzi lweenkqubo zoqeqesho zijonga isakhono ngasinye njengebhokisi eyahlukileyo yokuphawula. Loo ndlela iyawa kwi-simulator, apho impazamo yesigqibo ingena khona ibe kukusilela konxibelelwano, nto leyo eyonakalisa ukuqonda imeko. Izakhono zibalulekile kuphela xa zisebenza njengeyunithi enye.

Eli nqaku lichaza oko kuvavanywa ziinkampani zeenqwelo-moya, ubuchule obusithoba obuchaza ukuqhuba kwale mihla, kunye nendlela yokuziqeqesha njengenkqubo emanyeneyo. Uqeqesho olupheleleyo lobuchule ludlula ukucokisa italente yomntu ngamnye ngalo lonke ixesha.

Kutheni izakhono zoMqhubi zingaphezulu nje kokunamathela nokujika

Izakhono zokuqhuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ziyawa phantsi xa bephathwa njengengqokelela yeetalente ezahlukeneyo. Ishishini layeka ukuqesha abantu abasebenzisa i-stick and rudder kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abayeka imisebenzi yabo ngabo bangazange bayiqaphele loo nto.

Izakhono ezinzima zisabalulekile. Izibalo zobunzima kunye nokulinganisela, ifiziksi yokuphakamisa nokutsala, ukuskena ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo kwiimeko zemozulu yezixhobo. Ezi zezona zinto zingenakuxoxiswana ngazo ezifumana umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ngoqeqesho lokuqala aze angene kwinqwelo-moya eneenjini ezininzi.

Kodwa iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya zivavanya umxube, kungekhona ubuchule obuhlukeneyo. Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya onokukwazi ukujika ngokukhawuleza kodwa engenakunxibelelana ne-ATC ngengxaki yepetroli uxanduva. Inkqubo yanamhlanje ebamba le nyaniso yiseti izakhono ezilithoba zokuqhuba uvavanyo isetyenziswa kulo lonke ishishini, igubungela yonke into ukusuka ekusetyenzisweni kwenkqubo ukuya kubunkokeli kunye nolawulo lomsebenzi.

Olu tshintsho luyabonakala kwindlela uqeqesho olucwangciswe ngayo. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy yakha uqeqesho lwayo lokuqhuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya olujikeleze olu hlobo ludibeneyo, ngoko ke abafundi baqhelisela ukwenza izigqibo kunye nokulungelelanisa abasebenzi kunye nokubhabha okungacwangciswanga. Injongo ngumqhubi weenqwelo moya osebenza njengomqhubi opheleleyo, kungekhona ingqokelela yamaqhinga eqela.

Ukuphathwa ngesandla kusesisiseko. inkcazo yokubhabha ngesandla Igxile kwizakhono ezisisiseko, ezo zigcina inqwelo-moya ikhuselekile xa i-automation ingasebenzi. Eso siseko sisiqalo nje kuphela. Uvavanyo lokwenyani luza xa umqhubi wenqwelo moya kufuneka adibanise ezo zakhono nokugweba, unxibelelwano, kunye nokuzola kwinkqubo engasebenzi kakuhle. Loo ndibaniselwano kulapho imisebenzi yenziwa khona. Kwaye yiloo nto kanye icandelo elilandelayo liyichazayo.

Bukela umqhubi wenqwelo moya esebenza exakekile efika eAtlanta. Izandla zizinzile, kodwa umsebenzi wokwenyani uyenzeka phakathi kweendlebe, umlomo, kunye nelinye ilungu leqela elikwisihlalo esifanelekileyo. Loo mjikelo sisakhono esiqeshwayo. Uqeqesho lwaloo mjikelo luthetha ukubhabha nomqeqeshi oza kuxoxa ngezigqibo, kungekuphela nje ukuphakama. Yonke inqwelo moya iba yindlela yokuziqhelanisa nomgca.

Iinqwelomoya ze-9 Pilot Competencies zihlola

Izakhono ezilithoba zokuqhuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya aziyothiyori yezemfundo. Ziimpawu zokuziphatha ezijongwa ziinkampani zeenqwelo moya kwi-simulator, kwaye zigqiba ukuba ngubani oza kufumana umsebenzi.

Ubuchule ngabunye buvavanya indlela eyahlukileyo yokusilela. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya unokuba nobuchule kwiinkqubo aze angakwazi ukunxibelelana, yiyo loo nto iinkampani zeenqwelo moya zizihlola njengenkqubo edibeneyo kunetalente ezizimeleyo.

Ulwazi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo

Le yisiseko, kodwa iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya ziyayivavanya ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunokuba uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya beyilindele. Ayikuko ukukhumbula uluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe. Imalunga nokwazi ukuba kufuneka uphambuke nini kuzo kwaye kutheni.

Iimeko ze-simulator zinyanzela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kwiimeko apho inkqubo epapashiweyo ingasahambelani nemeko yenqwelo-moya. Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya olungisa inkqubo ukuze ihambelane nomzuzu ubonisa ubuchule. Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya oyilandelayo ngokungaboniyo ubonisa ukuthobela ngaphandle kokuqonda.

Unxibelelwano kunye nobuNkokheli

Iinqwelo-moya zibukela indlela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya athetha ngayo nabasebenzi, kungekuphela nje oko bakuthethayo. Unxibelelwano olucacileyo noluqinisekileyo phantsi koxinzelelo lubuchule obulinganiswayo, kwaye lwahlula ookapteni kumagosa okuqala omsebenzi. Ubunkokeli kwi-cockpit abubhekiselele kumthamo. Bumalunga nokudala umjikelo apho igosa lokuqala kunye nabasebenzi be-cabin baphendula ngokwenene koko kuthethiweyo.

Ukuqonda imeko kunye nokuSombulula iingxaki

Kulapho izakhono ezithambileyo ezifana nokujonga indawo baba zizixhobo zokusinda. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya olahlekelwa ngumbono wendawo inqwelo moya emkhathini akanakuyisombulula ingxaki ephambi kwakhe. Ukucinga ngobuchule kubalulekile apha. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ababalaseleyo bavelisa izisombululo ezininzi xa eyokuqala ingaphumeleli, kwaye bayenza ngaphandle kokumisa umtya wesigqibo.

Ulawulo loMthwalo woMsebenzi kunye nokuZenzekelayo

Iinqwelomoya zanamhlanje zifuna umqhubi wenqwelomoya onokulawula oomatshini ngaphandle kokulawulwa yiyo. Iinqwelomoya ziyakuvavanya oku ngokuqokelelana ukusilela de umthwalo womsebenzi udlule amandla omqhubi wenqwelomoya omnye.

Umqhubi wenqwelo moya obeka phambili, onika igunya, aze agcine inqwelo moya ibhabha ngelixa iinkqubo ziwohloka, nguye ofunwa ziinkampani zeenqwelo moya kwisihlalo sasekhohlo. Ubuchule abuyotalente. Kukuziphatha phantsi koxinzelelo.

Ii-5 C kwi-Aviation kunye nesizathu sokuba zibalulekile

Ii-5 C, Circle, Climb, Communication, Confess, Comply, zenza uncedo lokukhumbula kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezigcina abaqhubi beenqwelo moya xa ingqondo ifuna ukubanda. Olu landelelwano lunyanzela isenzo ngaphambi kohlalutyo, nto leyo kanye efunekayo xa injini ingasebenzi. Luguqula uloyiko lube luchungechunge lwezigqibo oluqikelelweyo.

Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya lujonga ii-5 C njengoluhlu lokuhlola olufanele lukhunjulwe xa kujongwa uhambo. Oko akuchazi nto konke konke. Ulandelelwano lusebenza kuba inyathelo ngalinye lithenga ixesha lelinye, kwaye umyalelo wenziwe ngabom ukukhusela inqwelo moya kuqala kunye ne-ego ekugqibeleni.

I-Circle imisela indawo ezinzileyo phezu kwendawo eyaziwayo. Ukunyuka kuthenga ukuphakama, eyona mali ibalulekileyo xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo. I-Communication ikhupha imeko engqondweni yakho ize ibonakale, apho ilawuleka khona.

Ukuvuma izono linyathelo elahlula iingcali kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abayeka imisebenzi yabo. Ukuvuma ukuba ulahlekile okanye usengxakini akukokusilela; lixesha apho imeko engxamisekileyo iyeka ukuba yimfihlo. Ukuthobela imithetho kuvala umngxuma ngokwamkela umyalelo oza kukusa kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.

Kulapho ii-5 C zidibana khona nesakhelo esibanzi sezakhono zokuqhuba. Olu landelelwano aluloqhinga elizimeleyo. Luhlobo oluxinzelelweyo lwendlela efanayo yokwenza izigqibo evavanywa yiinkampani zeenqwelo-moya kwisimulator, kwaye lusebenza kuphela xa izakhono zokubhabha ezisisiseko ziqinile ngokwaneleyo ukuba zikwazi ukwenza inyathelo ngalinye ngaphandle kokucinga.

Ziqhelise ulandelelwano ngokuvakalayo ngexesha lophononongo ngalunye lokubhabha ide ibe yinto evuselela ingqondo. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya othi “vuma” ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwirediyo sele ephumelele isiqingatha sedabi. Loo nto ivuselela ingqondo yiyo eyahlula imeko engxamisekileyo neyokwenyani. Kwisimulator, umqeqeshi ujonga ukuba akukho mathandabuzo phakathi kwamanyathelo. Kwinqwelo moya, mathandabuzo yimeko engxamisekileyo.

Izakhono zokubhabha ngesandla vs. Ukuxhomekeka kokuzenzekelayo

Yonke incoko yezakhono zomqhubi wenqwelo moya ekugqibeleni ifikelela kwifolokhwe efanayo endleleni. Enye indlela ikhokelela ekuqondeni i-raw stick kunye ne-rudder. Enye ikhokelela kwi-cockpit yeglasi eyenza uninzi lomsebenzi. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abaphumelelayo kuqeqesho lweenqwelo moya bayaqonda zombini, kodwa bayazi ukuba yeyiphi ebagcina bephila xa izikrini zimnyama.

Ukubhabha ngesandla kuthetha ukuphatha inqwelo-moya ngedatha eluhlaza ngaphandle kokuqhuba ngokuzenzekelayo, umlawuli wendiza, kunye nomgca oluhlaza. Yindlela ecacileyo yokubonakalisa ubuchule bokubhabha, kwaye yiloo nto kanye izakhono zokuphatha umqhubi wenqwelo moya zakhelwe phezu kwazo. Izandla ziva uxinzelelo lolawulo. Amehlo ahlola izixhobo ezingabalisi ibali elithuthuzelayo. Ingqondo ibala umfanekiso wengqondo wendawo ikhoyo inqwelo moya kunye nendawo ekufuneka iye kuyo.

Umqhubi wenqwelo moya obhabha nge-autopilot eqhuba umlenze ngamnye kancinci kancinci ulahlekelwa yindlela aziva ngayo inqwelo moya. Xa i-automation ingaphumeleli, loo mqhubi ushiywa ene-rust endaweni ye-reflexes.

Iinqwelo moya ziyayazi le nto. Yiyo loo nto uhlolo lwe-simulator ngoku luquka ukuchacha okungalunganga kunye neemeko ezingaqhelekanga zengqondo ezifuna ukungenelela kwangoko ngesandla. Umvavanyi ufuna ukubona izandla ezisaziyo ukuba zenze ntoni ngaphandle kweekhompyutha. Ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kutshabalalisa ubuchule bokwenza ngesandla ngokukhawuleza kunokuba nayiphi na inkqubo yoqeqesho inokuyiphinda yakhiwe.

I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy yakha olu kuzithemba ngqo kwi-intanethi yayo. uqeqesho lweenjini ezininziAbafundi babhabha ngeendlela zolwazi ezingacwangciswanga baze babhabhe inqwelo-moya ngesandla ngeendlela ezinyanzelisa ulawulo olusebenzayo. Isiphumo siba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya ophatha oomatshini njengesixhobo, kungekhona into yokuzikhusela. Ukubhabha ngesandla kuyaphumelela xa imeko itshintsha. Lelo xesha iinkampani zeenqwelo-moya ziqesha ngalo.

Ukwenza Izigqibo Phantsi Koxinzelelo: Isakhono Esisindisa Ubomi

Izakhono zonke zomqhubi wenqwelo moya kwimodeli yobuchule ziyawa zibe ngumzuzu omnye: injini iyaphela, imozulu iyaphela, kwaye isigqibo esilandelayo sigqiba ukuba uhambo luyaqhubeka okanye luphela na. Leyo yizakhono iinkampani zeenqwelo moya ezizikhathalelayo kakhulu, kwaye yeyona nto uqeqesho lokubhabha olungayifundisi ngokucacileyo. Ulwazi lwenkqubo luyafundiswa iminyaka; ukugweba kuyaqondwa ngengozi.

Umsantsa phakathi kwezigqibo zenkqubo kunye neempendulo zokugweba kulapho imisebenzi kunye neenqwelo-moya zilahleka khona. Isigqibo senkqubo silandela umzila opapashweyo, njengokusebenzisa uluhlu lokuhlola ukusilela kwenjini. Isaziso sokugweba sifuna ukulinganisa ulwazi olungaphelelanga ngokuchasene nemeko eshukumayo, njengokugqiba ukuba kuphambukiswe okanye kugcinwe xa imozulu kwenye indawo incinci.

Iimeko zokwenyani ezivela kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaye baphila kuzo zibonisa umahluko. iingxoxo zezakhono zokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya Chaza iipateni zokubamba eziya kubalwa ngokutshiswa kwepetroli kunye neengxakeko ze-IFR apho inkqubo epapashiweyo iphela khona kwaye kuqalisa ukucinga. Ezo ziindleko zokugweba, kwaye azinakukhunjulwa kwangaphambili.

Iinqwelo-moya zivavanya oku ngokwakha ukusilela kwiimeko zesimulator ezinyanzela ukhetho phakathi kweendlela ezimbini ezingaphelelanga. Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya othandabuzayo ukulinda impendulo egqibeleleyo uyasilela kwimeko leyo. Umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ozibophelela kwisigqibo esikhuselekileyo aze alungise xa ulwazi olutsha lufika. Ukuzimisela phantsi kokungaqiniseki luphawu olulinganiswayo.

Yiyo loo nto uqeqesho olusekelwe kwiimeko lubaluleke ngaphezu kokuba uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya luqonda. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy yakha inkqubo yayo ekhawulezayo malunga neengxamiseko ezilinganisiweyo ezinyanzela ukugweba, kungekuphela nje ukukhumbula inkqubo. Umkhwa wokwenza umnxeba kunye nokuba nesiphumo udluliselwa ngqo kumgca. Inyaniso engathandekiyo kukuba ukugweba akunakufundiswa kwintetho. Yakhelwe kwiimeko apho iindleko zokuthandabuza zenziwa zibe yinyani.

Ulawulo lwezixhobo zoNxibelelwano kunye neCandelo

Unxibelelwano kwi-cockpit alukho malunga nokuba ngumntu othetha kakhulu. Luyintsika yokusebenza kweCrew Resource Management, kwaye izakhono zokuqhuba iinqanawa kweli candelo zichonga ukuba iqela lisebenza njengeqela elinye okanye njengabantu ababini abangazaniyo ababelana ngedekhi yendiza.

• I-phraseology eqhelekileyo. Ulwimi oluchanekileyo nolungacacanga lususa uqikelelo kuyo yonke itransekshini. Uqeqesho lweenkqubo zoqeqesho luqhuba ibinzana eliqhelekileyo leenqwelo moya ide ibe yinto ezenzekelayo, kuba umyalelo ongaviwa kakuhle ngexesha elingafanelekanga luluhlu lweempazamo ezilindele ukuqala.
• Unxibelelwano kwindawo yokubeka ii-cockpit. Ithoni phakathi kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya ibaluleke kakhulu njengamagama asetyenziswayo. Igosa lokuqala elithandabuzayo ukuphikisana nempazamo kakapteni lingumsantsa wokhuseleko, ngoko ke iinkampani zeenqwelo moya ziqeqesha abasebenzi ukuba bathethe ngokuthe ngqo, kungekhona ngokungqubana.
• Ukumamela i-LIVE ATC. Ithrafikhi yokwenyani yerediyo ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingcolisa ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na irekhodi yencwadi. Ukumamela ii-feeds ezibukhoma kwakha indlebe yemiyalelo ekhawulezayo, iindlela zokuthetha zengingqi, kunye neempawu ezingabonakaliyo ezikuxelela xa isilawuli sigcwele kakhulu.
• Ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ngokubambisana. Izigqibo ezilungileyo kwi-cockpit zakhiwe, azichazwanga. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ababelana ngengqiqo yabo bamema ukulungiswa, kwaye loo mkhwa ubamba iimpazamo ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziziganeko.

Oku kutyhilwa luluhlu kukuba i-CRM sisakhono osiqheliselayo, asilophawu lobuntu onalo. Impazamo yomntu iyancipha xa unxibelelwano luba yindlela ecwangcisiweyo.

Yingakho ukumamela i-ATC bukhoma kufaneleke kuzo zonke iveki zoqeqesho, kungekuphela nje kwinqanaba lokuqhelana nomsakazo. Isantya somlawuli wendlela exakekileyo sisakhono osikhayo ngokuziveza, kunye neekhompawundi zokuziveza. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ababhala iiyure zabo ngee-feeds ezibukhoma bangena kwisikhululo sabo sokuqala seenqwelo moya esilawulwa yinqaba benendlebe esele ilungisiwe.

Loo milinganiselo idluliselwa ngqo kwi-checkride. Abavavanyi bajonga ukuba uyayivala na yonke imiyalelo, uqinisekise oko ukuvileyo, kwaye uthethe ngendlela egcina ukuxinana kwamaza rhoqo kuphantsi. Ingqeqesho yonxibelelwano sisakhono sokuvavanya esenza ukuba zonke ezinye izakhono zibonakale. Awunakubonisa ugwebo olulungileyo ukuba awuzange uluthethe.

Indlela Yokwakha Izakhono Zokuqhuba Iinqwelo-moya Ezifunwa Yiinkampani Zeenqwelo-moya

Ukwakha izakhono zokuqhuba inqwelo moya ezilungele ukuhamba ngenqwelo moya kufuna ulandelelwano olucwangcisiweyo, kungekhona ukuqokelelwa kweeyure zokuhamba ngenqwelo moya ngokungacwangciswanga. Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya luqeqesha isiqinisekiso esilandelayo endaweni yemodeli yobuchule esetyenziswa ziinkampani zeenqwelo moya ukuqesha.

Inyathelo 1. Zifundise kakuhle iziseko ngeLayisenisi yoMqhubi waBucala. I-PPL yindawo apho imvakalelo yakho yenqwelo moya yakheka khona, kwaye i-PPL ekhawulezayo ishiya izikhewu ezivela kamva kuqeqesho lwezixhobo. Bhabha nabafundisi abafuna ukuchaneka kuyo yonke indlela.

Inyathelo 2. Ziqhelise ukubhabha ngesandla ngaphandle kokuzenzekela rhoqo. Bhabhisa ngesandla yonke into ehambayo, yonke into efikayo, kunye nayo yonke indlela ebonakalayo onokuyenza. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abavumela i-autopilot ukuba ibhabhise balahlekelwa yindlela yokubhabha kanye ngexesha abalidinga kakhulu.

Inyathelo 3. Qeqesha i-IFR kunye neengxamiseko de kube iinkqubo ziyasebenza, kungekhona ukukhumbula. I-IFR yomqhubi omnye yakha i-scan, ulawulo lomthwalo womsebenzi, kunye nesifundo esifunwa ziinkampani zeenqwelo-moya kwisilinganisi. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abasokolayo kudliwanondlebe lweenqwelo-moya baphatha ukubhabha kwezixhobo njengovavanyo lokupasa endaweni yesakhono sokukwazi.

Inyathelo 4. Phuhlisa uLawulo lweZixhobo zaBasebenzi ngokusebenzisa iimeko zabasebenzi abaninzi. Bhabha nabanye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, uziqhelanise neentlanganiso, kwaye ufunde ukuthetha xa kukho into engalunganga. I-CRM sisakhono osikhulisayo ngokuphindaphinda, kungekhona uphawu lobuntu.

Inyathelo 5. Fumana isiqinisekiso sobungcali oko kubonisa ukuba ungasebenza ngokwemigangatho yeenqwelo moya. Isatifikethi soRhwebo esinoqeqesho olufanelekileyo emva kwaso sibonisa ukuba izakhono zakho zokuqhuba inqwelo moya zilungele inqanaba elilandelayo. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy yakha iinkqubo zayo zomsebenzi weenqwelo moya ezikhawulezayo nezijikeleze olu phuhliso luchanekileyo, ukusuka kwi-PPL ukuya kwi-ATP.

Ukugqiba olu landelelwano kuthetha ukungena kudliwanondlebe lweenqwelo moya ngezakhono ezidityanisiweyo abazivavanyayo, kungekhona uthotho lwezilinganiso ezizimeleyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaqeshwayo baqeqeshe yonke inkqubo, kungekuphela nje iindawo abazonwabeleyo.

Inyathelo Lakho Elilandelayo Eliya Kwizakhono Zokulungela Uhambo Lweenqwelo-moya

Izakhono zokuqhuba zibalulekile kuphela xa zisebenza njengenkqubo enye edibeneyo phantsi koxinzelelo. Oko kuqonda kutshintsha into oyifunayo kuyo yonke iyure yoqeqesho ukususela apha ukuya phambili.

Umqhubi wenqwelo moya ovavanya isifundo ngasinye ngokuthelekisa nezakhono ezisithoba uyayeka ukuqokelela ixesha lokubhabha aze aqalise ukwakha umsebenzi. Lowo ungakwenziyo oko uya kufumanisa isithuba kwisixhobo sokulinganisa, apho umvavanyi ejonge kwaye isigqibo sokuqesha sisemngciphekweni.

Hlola uqeqesho lwakho lwangoku uthelekisa nomzekelo opheleleyo wobuchule. Fumana inkqubo eyakha zonke ezi sithoba kunye, kungekhona isikolo esijonga iibhokisi. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya olungele ukuhamba ngenqwelo moya wakhiwe njengenkqubo, engahlanganiswanga kwiindawo ezithile.