Intshayelelo kwiBoeing kunye neAirbus
Ishishini lophapho yi-duopoly elawulwa zii-titans ezimbini ze-aerospace: iBoeing kwaye Airbus. Ezi ngxilimbela zeshishini bezibandakanyeke kukhuphiswano oluqatha amashumi eminyaka, nganye ilwela ukwenza ngcono kunomnye ngokwezabelo zentengiso, ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwepheshe, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi. Ukhuphiswano lwabo lube nefuthe elimandla kwindlela esihamba ngayo kunye namava okuhamba ngomoya.
Ukusuka kuyilo olucekethekileyo noluntsokothileyo lwenqwelomoya yabo ukuya kubuchule obutsha obubaqhubela esibhakabhakeni, iBoeing kunye neAirbus ziye zatyhala imida yokubhabha. Ukhuphiswano lwabo lubaqhubele ekubeni baqhubeke bephucula iimveliso zabo, benikezela ngeenqwelomoya ezikhawulezayo, ezisebenzayo, nezitofotofo ngakumbi kwiinqwelomoya nakubakhweli ngokufanayo. Olu khuphiswano alukhange luxolise ishishini lokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya kuphela kodwa luye lwaba nefuthe elibi kumacandelo anxulumeneyo, afana nobunjineli beenqwelomoya, ukuvelisa, kunye neenkonzo zokubhabha.
Imbali yeBoeing kunye neAirbus
Ilifa le-Boeing lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya libuyele emva kwinkulungwane ukuya ekusekweni kwayo ngo-1916 njengenkampani encinci eSeattle. Ukusukela kwezo ziqalo zithobekileyo, iBoeing inyuke yaba yinkokeli ye-aerospace yehlabathi, edume ngeenqwelomoya ezinomfanekiso onjengomguquli. 747 jumbo jet kunye neyona ithengiswa kakhulu 737 uthotho. Ilifa lenkampani lilukiwe ngokunzulu kwimbali yezophapho zale mihla.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-Airbus yavela kumashumi eminyaka kamva ngo-1970 njengembumba yamabhongo yaseYurophu eyenzelwe ukucela umngeni kulawulo lwe-Boeing ekudala ibambe kwintengiso yeenqwelomoya. Ngaphandle kokuqala kwayo kade, i-Airbus yenze imitsi emangalisayo, yazisa iimodeli ezintsha ezinjengokutshintsha komdlalo. A320 usapho kunye nenkunzi enkulu A380 superjumbo. Lo mtsha undlongondlongo uye waguqula amandla oshishino, ebonelela ngokhuphiswano olomeleleyo oluqhubele zombini iinkampani ukuphakama okutsha kwempumelelo yetekhnoloji.
Iiyantlukwano eziphambili phakathi kweBoeing kunye neAirbus
I-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus ziingxilimbela kushishino lweenqwelomoya, kodwa zahluke kakhulu kuyilo kunye nefilosofi yokuvelisa.
Ifilosofi yoyilo: I-Boeing ikhetha iindlela zemveli, ezihlolwe ixesha, zijolise ekuthembekeni kunye nezenzo ezimiselweyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-Airbus izimisele ngakumbi ukwamkela itekhnoloji entsha kunye neendlela ezintsha, ukutyhala imida yoyilo lwenqwelomoya lwangoku.
Ubuhle benqwelomoya: Iinqwelomoya zeBoeing zihlala zinenkangeleko yakudala, eyaziwayo, ebonisa indlela yazo yoyilo egcinayo. I-Airbus, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivame ukuvelisa iinqwelo-moya ezinobuqhetseba, imbonakalo yanamhlanje, ebonisa ukuzinikela kwabo kwiindlela zokuyila zangoku.
Ulwamkelo lweTekhnoloji: I-Boeing ngokuthe ngcembe idibanisa itekhnoloji entsha, iqinisekisa ukuba ivavanyiwe kwaye ithembekile. I-Airbus ikhawuleza ukuphumeza itekhnoloji ye-cutting-edge, ijolise ukuba ibe phambili kwi-aviation innovation.
IiNdlela zokuSebenza: I-Boeing isebenzisa ubugcisa bokuvelisa obuqhelekileyo, obusekwe kakuhle kwaye buthenjwa. I-Airbus isebenzisa phambili ngakumbi, ngamanye amaxesha izama, iinkqubo zokuvelisa ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza.
Lo mahluko ugxininisa ubuni obukhethekileyo beBoeing kunye ne-Airbus, nganye inegalelo kwimpumelelo yabo kushishino lweenqwelomoya.
Uthelekiso lweenqwelomoya: iBoeing kunye neAirbus
Xa kuziwa kwiimodeli zeenqwelomoya, iBoeing kunye neAirbus zibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo entengiso. Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kweyona minikelo yabo idumileyo:
Boeing:
737 Usapho: Ihashe elisebenza esibhakabhakeni, uthotho lwe-737 ibe yeyona nto iphambili kushishino lophapho amashumi eminyaka. Ukusuka kwi-737-800 yakudala ukuya kwi-petroli eyongayo i-737 MAX, le nqwelomoya iphumelele iintliziyo zeenqwelomoya kunye nabakhweli ngokufanayo.
777 uthotho: Eyaziwayo ngobuchule bayo bexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, uchungechunge lwe-777 luye lwaba yintandokazi phakathi kweenqwelo-moya kwiindlela zamazwe ngamazwe. I-777-300ER, ngakumbi, ifumene indumiso ngekhabhathi yayo ebanzi kunye nezinto eziluncedo.
787 Dreamliner: Inqwelo moya edityanisiweyo ye-Boeing ephuma phambili, i-787 Dreamliner, iguqule uhambo lomoya ngobuchwepheshe bayo obuphezulu kunye noyilo olujolise kubakhweli. Iifestile zayo ezinkulu, umgangatho womoya wekhabhinethi ophuculweyo, kunye namanqanaba engxolo ancitshisiweyo anika amava okubhabha angenakulinganiswa nanto.
I-Airbus:
Usapho lwe-A320: Eyona nqwelo-moya ithengisa ngendlela enye emhlabeni, usapho lwe-A320, kuquka i-A319, i-A320, kunye ne-A321, iye yaba yindlela yokukhetha kwiinqwelo-moya ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
A330 Series: Idume ngobuchule bayo bokuthatha ixesha elide kunye nekhabhathi ebanzi, uthotho lwe-A330 lubonakalise ukuba lukhetho oluguquguqukayo kubo bobabini abakhweli kunye nemisebenzi yomthwalo. I-A330neo, kunye nokusebenza kwayo okuphuculweyo kwamafutha kunye nokuncitshiswa kokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, iyithathele phezulu le nqwelo-moya.
A350 XWB: Impendulo ye-Airbus kwi-787 Dreamliner, i-A350 XWB (i-Extra Wide Body) iqhayisa nge-aerodynamics ephuculweyo, izinto ezidibeneyo ezilula, kunye neenkqubo ezinqamlekileyo ezihambisa umbane obalaseleyo kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Isabelo seMarike kunye neeModeli ezidumileyo
I-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus kudala zivalelwe kukhuphiswano oluqatha lolawulo lwemarike, kunye nenkampani nganye ifumana utshintsho kwizabelo zabo zentengiso ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngokwembali, iBoeing igcine isabelo esikhulu sentengiso yeenqwelomoya, ixhamla kudumo oluqinileyo kunye nobukho obude. Nangona kunjalo, i-Airbus yenze inkqubela ebonakalayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi egqwesileyo kwicandelo leenqwelomoya ezikwindawo enye apho iye yacela umngeni ngokufanelekileyo kukhokelo lweBoeing. Olu khuphiswano luqhube zombini iinkampani ukuba zenze izinto ezintsha kwaye zandise iminikelo yazo, ngokuqhubekayo zilungisa imeko yemarike.
Bobabini abavelisi banepotfoliyo yeemodeli ezidumileyo eziye zaba zezona zibalulekileyo kushishino lwenqwelomoya. IBoeing's 737 MAX idume ngokusebenza kwayo kwaye lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiinqwelomoya ezininzi kwicandelo elikwindlela enye. I-787 Dreamliner igqame ngokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokuthuthuzelwa kwabakhweli, nto leyo eyenza ibe yintandokazi kwiinqwelomoya ezithatha ixesha elide.
I-777X, kunye netekhnoloji ye-cutting-edge kunye nomthamo, ilungele ukuba ngumdlali ophambili kwimarike yomzimba obanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Airbus ifumene i-traction ebalulekileyo kunye ne-A320neo, eyaziwayo ngokusebenza kwayo kwamafutha kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza, okwenza ukuba ibe ngumkhuphisana ngqo kwi-737 MAX. I-A350 XWB ibhiyozelwa ngokuyilwa kwayo ngokutsha kunye nentuthuzelo yabakhweli, iyibeka njengombaleki owomeleleyo kwicandelo lokuhamba ixesha elide.
I-A330neo, kunye nezixhasi zayo zangoku, iyaqhubeka ilukhetho oluthembekileyo kwiinqwelomoya ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle kunye noluhlu. Ezi modeli ziqaqambisa ukhuphiswano kunye neendlela zobuchule ezisetyenziswa yinkampani nganye ukubamba nokugcina isabelo semarike.
Iimbono zoLingelo kwi-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yayo nayiphi na inqwelo-moya, kwaye iimbono zabo nge-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus zixabiseke kakhulu. Iifilosofi zokuyila zaba benzi babini zikhokelela kumava ahlukeneyo kwindawo yokulala, ezichaphazela ukhetho lomqhubi. IBoeing's iindawo zokuhlala zidla ngokunconywa ngoyilo lwazo olucacileyo noluthe ngqo, abathi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaninzi balufumane luququzelela utshintsho olulula phakathi kweemodeli ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuhambelana kuyilo kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi kwiinqwelomoya ezisebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelomoya zeBoeing, njengoko kunciphisa ixesha kunye neendleko ezinxulumene noqeqesho.
Kwelinye icala, i-Airbus ifumene uxabiso olubalulekileyo ngokuhambela phambili kwayo iteknoloji yokubhabha ngocingo kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo kakhulu. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bayayincoma i-Airbus ngokugxininisa kwi-automation, ephakamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko. Inkqubo ye-fly-by-wire, ethatha indawo yolawulo lwezandla zemveli kunye ne-interfaces ye-elektroniki, ivumela ukuphatha kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka ngakumbi. Ukongeza, ii-cockpits ze-Airbus ziyilwe ngomgangatho ophezulu wokuqheleka kuzo zonke iimodeli ezahlukeneyo, uhlengahlengiso loqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye nokwenza kube lula ukuwela ukufaneleka. Le ndlela yobuchwepheshe ibhenela kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abathanda iidekhi zenqwelomoya zala maxesha, ezizisebenzelayo ezinciphisa umsebenzi nokwandisa ukhuseleko lokusebenza.
Ekugqibeleni, ukhetho phakathi kwe-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus luhlala lusehla kukhetho lomntu kunye neemfuno ezithile zenqwelomoya okanye umqhubi. Abanye abaqhubi bakhetha impendulo ebambekayo kunye nefilosofi yolawulo lwe-Boeing, bexabisa igalelo lomqhubi othe ngqo kwiinkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Abanye bathanda i-Airbus ngobuchwephesha bayo obuphambili kunye nolawulo lwenqwelomoya oluzenzekelayo, olunokwenza lula ukusebenza okuntsokothileyo kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lulonke. Umenzi ngamnye ubonelela ngeenzuzo ezizodwa, kwaye ukhetho lwabaqhubi lulolongwa ngamava abo ngabanye, imvelaphi yoqeqesho, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza zabaqeshi babo.
Iirekhodi zoKhuseleko kunye nezinto ezintsha
Ukhuseleko lubaluleke kakhulu kwishishini lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, kwaye zombini i-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus zityale imali eninzi kubuchwephesha be-cutting-edge kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo ukuqinisekisa impilo-ntle yabakhweli kunye nabasebenzi. Ukuzinikela kwabo kukhuseleko kubonakala kwiinzame zabo eziqhubekayo zokuphuhlisa nokuphumeza izisombululo ezitsha eziphakamisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lweenqwelomoya zabo. Oku kuzinikezela kuqinise igama labo njengeenkokeli kwicandelo lezophapho, kunye neenkampani zombini ezihlala zizama ukodlula imigangatho yoshishino.
I-Boeing inegama elide lokhuseleko, kunye neenqwelo-moya zayo eziphantsi kovavanyo olubanzi kunye neenkqubo zoqinisekiso ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zolawulo. Inkampani iye yazisa izinto ezintsha zokhuseleko kule minyaka idlulileyo, ezinje ngeBoeing Sky Interior, ephucula ukhuseleko lwekhabhinethi kunye nentuthuzelo yabakhweli ngokukhanyisa okuphuculweyo, imigqomo emikhulu, kunye nokuhamba komoya okungcono. Ukongeza, indlela ye-Boeing yokhuseleko ibandakanya iinkqubo zoqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya ezomeleleyo kunye neenkqubo zololongo ezibanzi eziyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba inqwelomoya yabo ihlala ikwimeko entle kubo bonke ubomi babo bokusebenza.
I-Airbus, kwelinye icala, ibihamba phambili ekwamkeleni itekhnoloji ephucukileyo efana ne-fly-by-wire, ethatha indawo yolawulo lwenqwelomoya oluqhelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zombane. Obu bugcisa bunconywa kakhulu ngokukwazi kwabo ukuthintela abaqhubi benqwelo-moya ukuba bagqithe kwimiqathango yokusebenza kwenqwelo-moya, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ukhuseleko. I-Airbus iye yasebenza ngokukhawuleza ekudibaniseni ezinye iinkqubo ezikhuselekileyo zokhuseleko, ezifana nokuphepha ukungqubana ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo eziphuculweyo zokucima umlilo, kwiindlela zabo zokuyila. Olu tshintsho lunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwezithuthi zabo, ukuqinisa ukuzinikela kwe-Airbus kukhuseleko lwabakhweli kunye nabasebenzi.
Zombini i-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus ziqhubeka nokuphonononga iindlela ezintsha zokuphucula ukhuseleko. Batyala imali kuphando nakuphuhliso ukuqhubela phambili iinkqubo zokuthintela ukungqubana, ukomeleza amandla okucima umlilo, kunye nokudala uyilo oluqilima ngakumbi olunokumelana neemeko ezinzima. Ngokubeka phambili ukhuseleko kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, bobabini abavelisi bazinikele ekwenzeni uhambo lomoya lukhuseleke kwaye luthembeke ngakumbi kuye wonke umntu obandakanyekayo.
Amava oMthengi kunye neNtuthuzelo
Kwimarike yanamhlanje yezophapho ekhuphisana kakhulu, amava omthengi kunye nokukhululeka kube yimiba ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yenqwelomoya. Zombini i-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus ziye zaqaphela le ndlela kwaye zenze utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo ekuphuculeni amava abakhweli.
I-Dreamliner ye-Boeing, umzekelo, ineefestile ezinkulu, umgangatho womoya wekhabhinethi ephuculweyo, kunye namanqanaba engxolo ancitshisiweyo, ebonelela ngamava okubhabha akhululekileyo namnandi. Ukongeza, uyilo lweSky Interior lwenkampani lubandakanya ukukhanya kwale mihla, indawo eyongeziweyo yomgqomo, kunye nendawo ebanzi yekhabhinethi.
I-Airbus, kwelinye icala, igxininise ekwandiseni indawo ye-cabin kunye nokubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo ze-airline. Umzekelo, i-A350 XWB iqhayisa ngekhabhathi ebanzi enesilingi eziphezulu kunye nemigqomo emikhulu, idala imvakalelo yobubanzi kunye nentuthuzelo kubakhweli.
Bobabini abavelisi bayaqhubeka nokuphonononga iindlela ezintsha zokuphucula amava omthengi, ukusuka kwiinkqubo zokuzonwabisa kwinqwelomoya ukuya kwizibane eziphambili zekhabhinethi kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lobushushu.
IiMpembelelo zokusiNgqongileyo kunye neenzame zoZinzo
Njengoko imboni yeenqwelomoya ijongene noxinzelelo olukhulayo lokunciphisa indawo yayo yokusingqongileyo, i-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus yenze amanyathelo abalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni i-eco-friendly aircraft kunye nokuphumeza izenzo ezizinzileyo.
I-Boeing's 787 Dreamliner kunye ne-737 MAX uthotho lubonisa i-aerodynamics ephucukileyo kunye neenjini ezonga amafutha, ezikhokelela ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha okuphantsi. Inkampani ikwatyale imali kumafutha eenqwelomoya azinzileyo kwaye iphonononga iinkqubo zokuqhubela phambili zombane kunye ne-hybrid-electric propulsion system kwinqwelomoya yexesha elizayo.
I-Airbus, kwelinye icala, igxininise kwizinto ezikhaphukhaphu ezidibeneyo kunye noyilo oluphambili lwamaphiko ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha. I-A350 XWB kunye nosapho lwe-A320neo yimizekelo ephambili yale ndlela, enika ukuncipha okubonakalayo kusetyenziso lwamafutha kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli zangaphambili.
Bobabini abavelisi baphonononga ezinye iindlela zokuqhubela phambili, ezifana neeseli zamafutha e-hydrogen kunye nokuqhutywa kombane, kunye nokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokwenziwa ezizinzileyo kunye neentambo zokubonelela.
IiNdlela zekamva kuPhapho: iBoeing kunye neAirbus
Ishishini lenqwelomoya lihlala liguquka, kwaye iBoeing kunye neAirbus ziphambili ekubumbeni ikamva layo. Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili kunye nezinto ezintsha eziphononongwa zezi zigebenga zasemoyeni:
Amafutha eenqwelomoya aZinzileyo (SAF): Zombini iinkampani zenza utyalo-mali kakhulu kuphuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa kwamafutha eenqwelomoya azinzileyo, athatyathwe kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo kwaye anendawo esezantsi yekhabhoni kune-fuel jet yemveli.
Ukuqhutywa koMbane kunye neHybrid-yoMbane: Ngelixa kusekumanqanaba okuqala, iinkqubo zombane kunye ne-hybrid-electric propulsion systems zijongwa njengezisombululo ezinokubakho zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ngokukodwa kwiinqwelo ezincinci kunye neenqwelo zokuhamba emoyeni zasezidolophini.
Izixhobo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu: Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphambili ezidityanisiweyo, ezifana neeplastiki zekhabhoni ezomeleziweyo (CFRP), kulindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke zikhula, zivumela uyilo lwenqwelomoya olulula noluyonga amafutha.
IiNqwelo-moya eziZimelayo kunye nezingenamntu: Ngelixa kusekho kwisigaba sophando kunye nophuhliso, iinkqubo zenqwelomoya ezizimeleyo kunye nezingenamntu zijongwa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuthuthwa kwempahla, ukubekwa kweliso, kunye nokuhamba komoya ezidolophini.
UkuHamba koMoya wasezidolophini (UAM): Zombini i-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus zilandela ngenkuthalo izisombululo ze-UAM, ezijolise ekuboneleleni ngeendlela zothutho ezisebenzayo nezizinzileyo kwiindawo zasezidolophini, ezinokuthi ziguqule indlela esihamba ngayo phakathi kwezixeko.
Njengoko le mikhwa iqhubeka ukuvela, ukhuphiswano phakathi kwe-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus kusenokwenzeka ukuba luqina, luqhubele phambili ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nenkqubela phambili kushishino lwezophapho.
isiphelo
Ukhuphiswano phakathi kwe-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus ibe yeyona nto iqhubayo kwishishini leenqwelomoya, ityhala zombini iinkampani ukuba ziqhubeke zenza izinto ezintsha kwaye zizabalazele ukugqwesa. Nokuba luyilo olucekethekileyo lwenqwelomoya yabo, ubugcisa obuphambili ababusebenzisayo, okanye ukuzinikela okungagungqiyo kukhuseleko kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi, ezi titans zasemoyeni ziyiyile indlela esifumana ngayo uhambo lwasemoyeni.
Njengoko sijonge kwixesha elizayo, ukhuphiswano phakathi kwe-Boeing kunye ne-Airbus lumiselwe ukuqinisa, luqhutywe yimfuno yeenqwelo-moya ezizinzileyo kunye nezisebenzayo, kunye nokuhlolwa kwemida emitsha efana nokuhamba komoya wasezidolophini kunye neenkqubo ezizimeleyo. Nokuba yeyiphi na umenzi ovela njengenkokeli, inye into eqinisekileyo: ishishini leenqwelomoya liya kuqhubeka linyukela phezulu, ngenxa yokungakhathali kokusukela izinto ezintsha zezi zigebenga zimbini zenqwelomoya.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
