Isikhokelo soGuqulo lweLayisensi ye-EASA yabaqhubi beenqwelo moya ze-FAA

Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya wase-US sinokwakha umsebenzi obalaseleyo wokubhabha, kodwa asiniki ngokuzenzekelayo ilungelo lokubhabha ngenqwelomoya ngokwemigaqo ye-EASA. Esi sikhokelo sokuguqulwa kwelayisenisi ye-EASA sichaza indlela esebenzayo ukusuka kwiziqinisekiso ze-FAA ukuya kwilayisenisi yabasebenzi beenqwelomoya be-EASA, into ebacothisayo abaqhubi beenqwelomoya, kunye nendlela yokucwangcisa ukuguqulwa okujikeleze injongo yakho yokwenyani yenqwelomoya.

Isigqibo esibalulekileyo siza ngaphambi kovavanyo lokuqala: ngaba udinga ilayisenisi ye-EASA kuba uceba ukusebenzela umqhubi waseYurophu, ukuqhuba inqwelo moya ebhalisiweyo ye-EASA, okanye ukufuduka ngokusisigxina? Ukuba impendulo ngu-ewe, ukuguqulwa kufuneka kuthathwe njengeprojekthi yomsebenzi, kungekhona into yokulawula emva koko. Izatifikethi zakho ze-FAA, ixesha lokubhabha, amava ezixhobo, kunye nemvelaphi yomqeqeshi zonke zinokuqinisa isikhundla sakho, kodwa inkqubo yokuguqulwa ihlala ilawulwa lilizwe elingamalungu e-EASA eliza kukhupha ilayisenisi yakho.

Indlela esebenza ngayo inguqulelo yelayisensi ye-EASA

I-EASA ayikhuphi layisenisi yokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelo moya enye kwiofisi enye. Ilizwe ngalinye elililungu le-EASA linegunya lesizwe lokuhamba ngeenqwelo moya, elaziwa ngokuba ligunya elifanelekileyo, elikhupha iilayisenisi phantsi kwemithetho eqhelekileyo ye-EASA. Elo gunya limisela inkqubo, lamkele isicelo sakho, lihlole iziqinisekiso zakho ze-FAA, kwaye likhuphe ilayisenisi yokugqibela ye-EASA okanye ukalisho.

Kwabo bavavanya i-FAA, oku kudla ngokuba kukuguqulwa kwelizwe lesithathu. Le nkqubo ayilula nje ngokutshintshana ngesatifikethi. Ilayisenisi yakho ye-FAA inika ubungqina boqeqesho namava, kodwa i-EASA ingafuna uviwo lolwazi lwethiyori, isatifikethi sezonyango se-EASA, amaxwebhu olwazi lolwimi, uqeqesho olongezelelweyo, kunye novavanyo lwezakhono.

Indlela echanekileyo ixhomekeke kwilayisenisi onayo kunye nelungelo olifunayo. Ukuguqula iSatifikethi se-FAA Private Pilot kwahlukile kakhulu ekulandeleni iLayisensi ye-EASA Commercial Pilot ene-Instrument Rating kunye namalungelo eenjini ezininzi. Umqhubi we-FAA onama-1,500 iiyure unokuba namava amaninzi, kodwa kusafuneka anelise iimfuno ezithile zethiyori ye-EASA, izixhobo, kunye novavanyo ngaphambi kokuba afanelekele ilayisenisi yobungcali ye-EASA.

Qala ngelayisenisi oyifunayo ngokwenene

Abaqhubi abaninzi baqala ngokubuza indlela yokuguqula isatifikethi se-FAA ATP sibe yi-EASA ATPL. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwabafakizicelo abaziingcali abafumani i-EASA ATPL engenamida ngokupheleleyo ngoko nangoko. Injongo eqhelekileyo yi-EASA CPL enamalungelo ezixhobo ezininzi zeenjini kunye nolwazi lwethiyori lwe-ATPL, oluhlala luchazwa kushishino njengendlela ye-ATPL eqandisiweyo.

Loo mgaqo-nkqubo weziqinisekiso wenzelwe amagosa okuqala eenqwelo moya. Ungavumela umqhubi wenqwelo moya ukuba afake izicelo zezikhundla zeenqwelo moya xa kuhlangatyezwana nomgangatho womqhubi, imigangatho yamava, kunye neemfuno zokuqesha. I-EASA ATPL epheleleyo idla ngokukhutshwa kamva, emva kokuba umqhubi wenqwelo moya efikelele kwimilinganiselo yamava okubhabha efunekayo.

Injongo yakho isenokuba yahlukile. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala we-FAA ofuna ukuqesha okanye ukuba nenqwelo moya eYurophu unokufuna kuphela i-EASA PPL. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya oza kuqasha iinqwelo moya zaseYurophu ufuna iphakheji ebanzi kakhulu. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya wamashishini unokufuna uvavanyo lohlobo kunye noqeqesho oluhambelana nomqhubi ukongeza ekuguqulweni kwelayisenisi esisiseko.

Ukukhetha indawo engafanelekanga kudla ixesha nemali. Ngaphambi kokuba ubhalisele nayiphi na ikhosi, chonga udidi lwenqwelo moya, ilizwe oqeshwe kulo, umqhubi oza kuqhutywa kulo, nokuba ufuna amalungelo abucala, orhwebo, ezixhobo, eenjini ezininzi, ootitshala, okanye amanqanaba eenqwelo moya.

Amaxwebhu achaza indawo oza kuqala kuyo

Isicelo sokuguqula esiqinileyo siqala ngeerekhodi ezipheleleyo. Izatifikethi ze-FAA zodwa azanele. Amagunya kunye nemibutho yoqeqesho evunyiweyo ifuna ingxelo ecacileyo neqinisekisiweyo yoko ukugqibileyo kunye nendlela amava akho akhiwe ngayo.

Lungisa isatifikethi sakho sokuqhuba inqwelo moya se-FAA, imbali yezonyango, ipasipoti okanye amaxwebhu esazisi, iincwadi zokubhala, iirekhodi zoqeqesho, iziphumo zovavanyo lolwazi apho zikhoyo, amava ezixhobo, kunye nobungqina bobuchule bolwimi lwesiNgesi. Gcina iikopi zedijithali, kodwa lindela ukuba abasemagunyeni bacele iikopi zokuqala okanye eziqinisekisiweyo. Iincwadi zokubhala ezingaphelelanga zezinye zezona zinto zinokuthintelwa zokulibaziseka, ingakumbi xa umqhubi wenqwelo moya kufuneka angqine ixesha le-PIC, ixesha lezixhobo, ixesha leenjini ezininzi, amava okuhamba ilizwe lonke, okanye uqeqesho olugqityiweyo kudidi oluthile lweenqwelo moya.

Lungisa uhlolo lwe-logbook yakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale inkqubo. Ixesha lilonke libalulekile, kodwa udidi kunye nexesha leklasi nazo zibalulekile. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya unokuba neeyure ezipheleleyo ezimangalisayo ngelixa engenazo i-PIC ebhaliweyo yeenjini ezininzi, ixesha lesixhobo sokwenyani okanye esilinganiswayo, okanye amava achanekileyo afunekayo kwisicelo sovavanyo.

Isiqinisekiso sezonyango sifika kwangethuba

Kwilungelo lobungcali le-EASA, unyango lwe-EASA lweKlasi yoku-1 ludla ngokuba yenye yeemfuno eziphambili zokuqala. Unyango lweKlasi yoku-1 lwe-FAA aludluliselwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwiKlasi yoku-1 ye-EASA. Uvavanyo kufuneka lugqitywe ngumvavanyi wezonyango ogunyazisiweyo yi-EASA okanye iziko lezonyango phantsi kwemithetho yelizwe elikhupha ilayisenisi yakho.

Cwangcisa unyango kwangethuba, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo sangaphambili, imbali yamayeza, ingxaki yokubona, okanye ukukhutshwa okukhethekileyo kwe-FAA ngaphambili. Ukulinda de kube semva koqeqesho olubizayo okanye uqeqesho lokubhabha kudala umngcipheko ongeyomfuneko. Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya lugqiba inkqubo ngaphandle kobunzima, kodwa isicwangciso sobungcali sijongana nokufaneleka kwezonyango ngaphambi kokuba kubekho izibophelelo ezinkulu zemali.

Kwinqwelo-moya yabucala, unyango lwe-EASA Class 2 lunokufaneleka. Musa ukucinga ukuba umgangatho ophantsi wezonyango wanele ukuba injongo yakho kukusebenza ngenqwelo-moya. Isatifikethi sezonyango kufuneka sihambelane namalungelo elayisenisi oceba ukuwasebenzisa.

Iimviwo zethiyori zihlala zibaluleke kakhulu

Kwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abalandela indlela yezorhwebo okanye yeenqwelo-moya ye-EASA, uvavanyo lolwazi lwethiyori lwe-EASA ATPL ludla ngokuba lolona candelo lide lokuguqulwa. Isilabhasi igubungela izifundo ezinje ngomthetho womoya, ucwangciso lokubhabha, imozulu, ukusebenza, ulwazi ngokubanzi lweenqwelo-moya, ukuhambahamba, ukusebenza komntu, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza.

Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaqeqeshwe yi-FAA akufuneki balithathele phantsi eli nyathelo. Ulwazi lobuchwephesha luyahambelana, kodwa isakhelo solawulo, imigangatho yokusebenza, isigama, imigaqo yokusebenza, kunye nendlela yombuzo inokwahluka kakhulu. Ukuphumelela iimviwo ezibhaliweyo ze-FAA akuthethi ukuba ungangena kuvavanyo lwethiyori ye-EASA ngaphandle kokulungiselela.

Indlela esebenzayo yiklasi yasezantsi ecwangcisiweyo enesicwangciso sokufunda esisebenzayo, uqheliselo lwebhanki yemibuzo, kunye nomboneleli woqeqesho onamava ekulungiseleleni iimviwo ze-EASA. Abaviwa badla ngokuzama ukugcina iishedyuli zomsebenzi ngelixa befunda, baze bafumanise ukuba umthwalo womsebenzi wethiyori udlulise ixesha labo lokuguqulwa ngeenyanga. Ukuba iYurophu yeyona njongo, vimba ixesha lokufunda elikhuselekileyo kwaye uphathe iimviwo njengephulo lokufumana iziqinisekiso zobungcali.

Uqeqesho lokubhabha kunye novavanyo lwezakhono

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziqinisekiso zakho kunye negunya lelayisenisi, unokufuna uqeqesho lokwahluka, uqeqesho lokuqhelana, uvavanyo lobuchule, okanye uvavanyo lwezakhono olusemthethweni. Abafaki-zicelo zorhwebo kunye nezixhobo kufuneka balindele uvavanyo lokubhabha phantsi kwemigangatho ye-EASA, kubandakanya iinkqubo, ukunyamezelana, kunye nokwenza izigqibo zokusebenza okulindelekileyo ngumvavanyi.

Kulapho abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanamava be-FAA banokungenelwa khona kwikhosi yotshintsho ejoliswe kuyo endaweni yokuphinda uqeqesho abasele belufundile. Injongo ayikokufunda kwakhona ubuchule bomoya obusisiseko. Kukubonisa ubuchule obuqhelekileyo be-EASA kwinqwelo-moya, kwindawo yomoya, iinkqubo zerediyo, iindlela zokuhamba, imisebenzi yezixhobo, kunye neprofayili yovavanyo.

Ukuba amalungelo ezixhobo zeenjini ezininzi ayinxalenye yesicwangciso, ziqeqeshe ngabom. Abaqeshi beenqwelo moya bayabaxabisa abaviwa abafika beneprofayili ecocekileyo nebhalwe kakuhle, kungekhona amanqaku amaninzi kunye namava angacacanga. Inkqubo egxile kuyo inokunciphisa ukubhabha okuphindwe kabini ngelixa ikulungiselela uvavanyo lwezakhono olufunekayo ligunya lakho elikhuphayo.

Khetha ilizwe elikhuphayo ngononophelo

Isakhelo semithetho ye-EASA siyabelwana ngaso, kodwa ulawulo alufani kuwo onke amazwe. Ukufumaneka kwe-aphoyintimenti, amaxesha okucubungula, imithetho yoxwebhu, izinto zokubhala iimviwo, ulindelo lolwimi, kunye namandla oqeqesho zinokwahluka. Ukhetho lwakho kufuneka lusekelwe kwindawo onelungelo lokuhlala kuyo, apho uceba ukusebenza khona ngokwenene, kunye nalapho unokugqiba khona uqeqesho kunye novavanyo ngaphandle kokudala imiqobo engeyomfuneko yokuhamba okanye yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe.

Musa ukukhetha ilizwe kuba nje omnye umqhubi wenqwelo moya esithi likhawuleza. Umgca wesicelo okhawulezayo awuncedi ukuba awukwazi ukuhlala apho ngokusemthethweni, ukuya kuqeqesho olufunekayo, okanye ukwakha inethiwekhi yengqesho apho. Igunya elingcono lidla ngokuba lelo lixhasa isiseko sakho saseYurophu sexesha elide.

Ziphephe iimpazamo zokuguqula ezibangela ukuba imisebenzi itsale imali eninzi

Impazamo yokuqala kukuthatha i-FAA ATP okanye ixesha elipheleleyo liqinisekisa ukulingana ngqo ne-EASA. Amava abalulekile, kodwa amalungelo okufumana ilayisenisi asekelwe kwimithetho. Okwesibini kukulinda de udliwanondlebe lwenqwelo moya lube sele lukwikhalenda. Ithiyori ye-EASA, ezonyango, uqeqesho, kunye nokucutshungulwa kwegunya kungathatha ixesha elininzi.

Okwesithathu kukusebenzisa ingcebiso eqhelekileyo endaweni yokufumana uluhlu lokuhlola olubhaliweyo oluvela kwigunya elifanelekileyo kunye nomboneleli woqeqesho. Iimfuno zinokutshintsha, kwaye iimeko zomntu ngamnye ziyahluka. Umqhubi wenqwelo moya oguqula i-FAA PPL eneeyure ezili-100 akananto ifanayo nomphathi weenqwelo moya oguqula emva kwamawaka eeyure ze-turbine.

Okwesine kukuphatha utshintsho njengento eyahlukileyo kwisicwangciso somsebenzi. Ilayisenisi yakho, imvume yokusebenza, ubuchule bolwimi, inkxaso-mali yohlobo, kunye nemarike yokuqesha iinqwelo-moya kufuneka zihambelane. Ilayisenisi ye-EASA yodwa ayidali ilungelo elisemthethweni lokusebenza eYurophu, kwaye imvume yokusebenza yodwa ayithathi indawo yeziqinisekiso zovavanyo ezifunekayo.

Yakha utshintsho lube yisicwangciso sakho somsebenzi wokulinga

Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abasebenza e-US, eyona ndlela inamandla idla ngokwakha isiseko se-FAA esikumgangatho ophezulu kuqala, uze emva koko udwelise iimfuno ze-EASA ngaphambi kokuba ushiye i-United States. Uqeqesho lwe-FAA Part 141 lubonelela ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo ngeziqinisekiso zabucala, zezixhobo, zorhwebo, zeenjini ezininzi, kunye nezokufundisa. I-Florida Flyers Flight Academy inceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abagxile kumsebenzi wakhe ukwakha isiseko se-FAA esicwangcisiweyo ngelixa becwangcisa isiqinisekiso esilandelayo samathuba aphesheya.

Gcina yonke irekhodi yoqeqesho, gcina iincwadi zokubhala ezicwangcisiweyo, kwaye uphephe izikhewu kubuchule bezixhobo. Ezo ndlela ziyanceda nokuba uhlala kwinkqubo yase-US, utshintshela kwilayisensi ye-EASA, okanye ufuna umqhubi wamazwe ngamazwe ozixabisa zombini ezi zinto.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-EASA kufuna umgudu kuba ukubhabha ngenqwelomoya zorhwebo lwaseYurophu kufuna ukuhambelana. Qala ngegunya elihambelana nendawo oya kuyo, qinisekisa iimfuno zenqanaba lakho lesatifikethi, gqibezela unyango lwakho kwangethuba, kwaye wakhe ixesha elinika ithiyori kunye novavanyo lwezakhono ingqalelo abayifaneleyo. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya oceba ukuguqulwa ngaphambi kokuba kufike umsebenzi ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya olungele ukuthatha isihlalo xa ithuba livela.