I-FAA eneemephu zeSilabhasi yokuLinga uRhwebo isetyenziselwe ukufikelela kwi-ATP kwiiyure ezili-111

Isilabhasi yokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya ehambelanayo idibanisa zonke izifundo zomhlaba kunye nezokubhabha "kwindawo yokusebenza" ye-FAA kwaye ihlangabezana nobuncinci beCandelo 61 leeyure zokubhabha ezingama-250 zizonke okanye ubuncinci beCandelo 141 leeyure ezili-190 kwikhosi evunyiweyo. Wonke umfaki-sicelo kufuneka abe nesatifikethi sokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya wabucala, abe neminyaka eli-18 ubuncinci, abonakalise ubuchule besiNgesi, aphumelele uvavanyo lolwazi lorhwebo kunye nokuhlolwa, kwaye abe nobuncinci ubuncinci iklasi yezonyango ukuze asebenzise amalungelo orhwebo. Okulandelayo kwahlula loo mqolo wolawulo ube lulandelelwano lwesifundo ngesifundo onokulucwangcisa.

TL; DR:

• Isilabhasi yovavanyo lorhwebo kufuneka igubungele iindawo ezithile eziquka i-aerodynamics, imozulu, imimiselo, ukuhambahamba, izinto ezichaphazela abantu, kunye neenkqubo zongxamiseko, kunye neenjongo zezifundo ezicacileyo ezinxulumene neendawo zokusebenza ze-FAA.
• I-FAA ifuna ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-250 kubafundi beCandelo 61, kunye neeyure ezingaphantsi kweenkcukacha ezinje ngeeyure ezili-100 njengomqhubi wenqwelo moya, iiyure ezingama-50 zokuwela ilizwe, kunye neeyure ezingama-20 zoqeqesho lwezixhobo kunye neenqwelo moya ezintsonkothileyo, ngelixa iinkqubo zeCandelo 141 zifuna iiyure ezili-190 kuphela ezinekharityhulam emiselweyo.
• Ulandelelwano olufanelekileyo lwezifundo lubalulekile, apho imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yakha izakhono ezisisiseko ngaphambi kongxamiseko nokubhabha ebusuku, ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala ngophononongo lwe-maneuvers kwaye uqhubekele kuqeqesho olunqumla ilizwe, lwasebusuku, nolungxamisekileyo.
• Ukuguquguquka kukhetha iCandelo 61 xa kucwangciswa, kodwa iCandelo 141 libonelela ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo nekhawulezayo efanelekileyo kubafundi abanemihla yokugqibela emiselweyo okanye amaxesha ekujoliswe kuwo ngenqwelo-moya; ukhetho luchaphazela isantya soqeqesho ngaphezu kwezakhono ezifundwayo.
• Ukubeka isifundo ngasinye kwindawo yokusebenza ye-FAA rhoqo kunye nokujonga rhoqo izigaba kunceda ukuthintela izikhewu, kuthintele ukolula iiyure, kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bakulungele kakuhle ukutyelela i-checkride.

Isiqulatho

• Iimfuneko zeSilabhasi yoQeqesho loRhwebo ezimiselwe yi-FAA
• Indlela Izifundo Zokuhamba Ngenqwelo-moya Nezifundo Zasemhlabeni Ezimele Zilandelelaniswe Ngayo
• Icandelo 61 vs Icandelo 141: Yeyiphi Indlela Yoqeqesho Efanela Wena
• Umzekelo weSilabhasi yokuLinga uRhwebo onokuyilandela Isifundo ngesifundo
• Ukulungela Uvavanyo Lolwazi kunye Nokuhlola
• Indlela i-Flight Academy eguqula ngayo le Syllabus ibe yiNkqubo esebenzayo
• Apho uninzi lweeSilabhasi zoRhwebo zisilela khona ngokuzolileyo kubafundi
• Ukulungele Ukuguqula Le Syllabus Ibe Yishedyuli Yohambo Lwenqwelo-moya
• Apho Ungaziqinisekisa Khona Ezi Mfuno
• imithombo

Iimfuneko zeSilabhasi yoQeqesho loRhwebo ezimiselwe yi-FAA

Inani leeyure ezingama-250 phantsi kweCandelo 61 alilobhakethi linye. Liqoqo lee-sub-minimums ezifakwe ngaphakathi apho isilabhasi enzulu kufuneka ilandelelwe nganye nganye, ingapheleli nje ekudibaneni ekugqibeleni. I-14 CFR § 61.129 Ifuna iiyure ezili-100 njengomqhubi wenqwelo moya ophetheyo, kunye neeyure ezingama-50 zexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya, kunye neeyure ezingama-50 zexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya, ezili-10 kuzo kufuneka zibe kwiinqwelo moya. Ngaphezulu koko kukho iiyure ezingama-20 zoqeqesho lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya oluquka umsebenzi wezixhobo kunye neenqwelo moya ezintsonkothileyo okanye eziphucukileyo, kunye neeyure ezili-10 zokubhabha wedwa okanye ubhalwe njenge-PIC kunye nomqeqeshi okhwele. ucazululo oluneenkcukacha Kwakhona ikwagcina umgama omde wokunqumla ilizwe kunye nobunzima obuthile bokubhabha ebusuku obungathathelwa ngqalelo ngabafundi abaninzi de bajonge isithuba se-logbook kwiiveki ezimbini ngaphambi kohambo lokuhlola.

Izikolo zeCandelo 141 zitshintshiselana ngenxalenye yelo nani leeyure zizonke ngesakhiwo. Abafaki-zicelo abaqeqeshwa phantsi kwekhosi evunyiweyo yi-FAA banokufanelekela iiyure ezili-190 zizonke endaweni yama-250, kodwa utshintsho luyikharityhulam emiselweyo. Isihlomelo D kwiCandelo 141 sichaza izihloko zomhlaba, iibhloko zoqeqesho lokubhabha, ukuhlolwa kwesigaba, kunye neemvavanyo zokuphela kwekhosi isikolo ekufuneka sizenze ngokulandelelana.

Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, isilabhasi kufuneka ifikelele kwezi ndawo zomhlaba nezokuhamba ngenqwelomoya:

• I-Aerodynamics, iinkqubo zeenqwelo-moya, kunye nokusebenza kunye nemida
• Ithiyori yemozulu, iinkonzo zemozulu, kunye nokucwangciswa kwendiza
• Imigaqo elawula imisebenzi yorhwebo
• Inkqubo yelizwe ye-airspace kunye nokuhambahamba
• Izinto ezibangela uluntu, ukwenza izigqibo ngeenqwelo moya, kunye ne-CRM
• Ukunduluka, ukufika, kunye nokujikeleza ngendlela eqhelekileyo neyinkimbinkimbi
• Iindlela zokusebenza, iindlela zokubhekisa emhlabeni, kunye nokubhabha kancinci/iindawo zokumisa iinqwelomoya
• Iinkqubo zongxamiseko, kuquka ukusilela kwenjini okulinganisiweyo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo
• Ukucwangciswa kunye nokwenziwa kweendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka nomlenze omde ofunekayo
• Imisebenzi yasebusuku kunye nokubhabha kwezixhobo ezibhekisayo

Icebiso Pro: Yakha ispredishithi elula ebhekisa isifundo ngasinye kwindawo yaso yokusebenza ehambelanayo ukusuka kwiSihlomelo D. Xa uhlolo lwesigaba lubonisa indawo ebuthathaka, uya kwazi ngoko nangoko ukuba leliphi isifundo omawusiphinde endaweni yokuqikelela.

Indlela Izifundo Zokuhamba Ngenqwelo-moya Nezifundo Zasemhlabeni Ezimele Zilandelelaniswe Ngayo

Isifundo ngasinye sokubhabha kufuneka sibe nenjongo echaziweyo enxulumene nendawo ethile yokusebenza, kungekhona inqaku elingacacanga elithi "ukuziqhelanisa". Isifundo malunga nokujika okukhawulezayo, ii-chandelles, kunye ne-lazy eights siyahlangabezana neemfuno ze-performance maneuvers; isifundo esakhelwe kwiimeko zokulinganisa ukuphuma kwenjini kunye nokusilela kwenkqubo kuyahlangabezana neenkqubo zongxamiseko. Izifundo zomhlaba zifuna uqeqesho olufanayo, olugubungela ubunzima kunye nokulinganisela, ukutolikwa kwemozulu, ucwangciso lokubhabha olunqumla ilizwe, imithetho yesithuba somoya, kunye nezinto ezichaphazela abantu i-FAA ezidibanisayo ekwenzeni izigqibo zeenqwelo moya.

Ulandelelwano olusebenzayo lubonakala ngolu hlobo:

1. Uphononongo lweendlela zorhwebo kunye notshintsho oluntsonkothileyo/lwe-TAA, olusekelwe kwimikhwa yovavanyo lwabucala ngaphambi kokongeza iimfuno ezintsha zokusebenza.
2. Uphononongo olusezantsi lweenkqubo zeenqwelo-moya kunye neetshathi zokusebenza, kunye neeyure zokuqala zoqeqesho lwezixhobo.
3. Izifundo zokucwangcisa ilizwe lonke, ukusuka kwimilenze emifutshane emibini ukuya kwiimfuno zomntu ngamnye kunye neemfuno zokukhwela ilizwe elide.
4. Utyando lwasebusuku, xa umfundi enexesha elaneleyo lokusingatha iimpawu ezinciphileyo ngokukhuselekileyo.
5. Uqeqesho lwenkqubo yongxamiseko kunye nokuhlolwa kwesigaba, olugxile kwisithathu sokugqibela soqeqesho.

Uninzi lwezikolo zinika ixesha lokubhabha eliyi-1.0 ukuya kwi-1.5 yeeyure ngesifundo ngasinye kunye neyure e-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zokufundisa umhlaba ngebhloko nganye yesihloko. Ukulandelelanisa umsebenzi ongxamisekileyo nowasebusuku kamva akulula. Abafundi badinga ubuchule obaneleyo bokusebenza rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba bongeze uxinzelelo okanye ukubonakala okuwohlokileyo kwi-equation, olu hlobo kanye lwezakhono eziza kwakhiwa yi-academy eqhutywa kakuhle ekuhlolweni kwayo kwesigaba.

Icandelo 61 vs Icandelo 141: Yeyiphi Indlela Yoqeqesho Efanela Wena

Eyona nto iphambili ixhomekeke kwiiyure xa kuthelekiswa nolwakhiwo. Icandelo 61 libonelela ngokuguquguquka: ungaqeqesha umsebenzi, utshintshe abafundisi, kwaye ulungise isantya somsebenzi njengoko ubomi bufuna, kodwa kukubiza iiyure ezingama-60 ezongezelelweyo xa kuthelekiswa nekhosi evunyiweyo yeCandelo 141. Indlela ecwangcisiweyo yeCandelo 141 ifanele abafundi abafuna ishedyuli eqikelelweyo kunye nendlela ekhawulezayo eya kumaxesha okubhabha amancinci eenqwelo moya, kuba ikharityhulam, ukuhlolwa kwesigaba, kunye nokujonga i-FAA kufakwe kwimvume yekhosi ngokwayo.

Iinkqubo ezikhawulezayo zidla ngokuthanda ulwakhiwo lweCandelo 141 kuba licinezela ikhalenda ngaphandle kokunciphisa umxholo ofunekayo. Abafundi abafunda ixesha elingephi badla ngokwenza ngcono phantsi kweCandelo 61, apho iveki ephosweyo ingaphazamisi ibhloko yesifundo esimiselweyo.

Zibuze le mibuzo ngaphambi kokuba uqalise uhambo:

• Ngaba kufuneka ugqibe uqeqesho kwisithuba seenyanga ezimbalwa, okanye ngaba ishedyuli yakho inokuguquguquka?
• Ingaba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho lungcono xa luchithwa iiyure ezipheleleyo (Icandelo 141) okanye xa ucwangcisa inkululeko (Icandelo 61)?
• Ngaba ujolise kwixesha elithile lokuqesha inkampani yeenqwelo-moya elivuza inkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo necwangcisiweyo?
• Ngaba isikolo ocinga ngaso sifumene imvume yeCandelo 141, okanye ngaba uza kuqeqeshwa phantsi kweCandelo 61 ngokungagqibekanga?

Akukho ndlela itshintsha ulwazi okanye isakhono osidingayo. Itshintsha indlela ikhalenda yakho kunye nenani leeyure zakho ezilawulwa ngayo ngendlela eqinileyo endleleni, kwaye loo mahluko ubumba yonke into esezantsi kwindlela yakho. inkqubo yokulinga yorhwebo ekhawulezileyo ucwangciso.

Umzekelo weSilabhasi yokuLinga uRhwebo onokuyilandela Isifundo ngesifundo

Olu landelelwano lucinga ukuba umfundi ongenela uqeqesho lorhwebo unesatifikethi sovavanyo lwabucala kunye novavanyo lwezixhobo esele lukhona, oluhambelana nayo nayiphi na indlela yokulawula.

1. Isikolo samabanga aphantsi seenkqubo kunye nokusebenza (iiyure ezi-2 emhlabeni): inxulumene nolwazi olumalunga nokusebenza kweenqwelo-moya kunye nemida.
2. Iinqwelomoya eziguquguqukayo/ze-TAA (iyure eyi-1.5 yokuhamba ngenqwelo moya, iiseshoni ezintathu): iyahlangabezana neemfuno zoqeqesho oluthile lweeyure ezingama-20 phantsi kwe-§61.129.
3. Ibhloko yeendlela zorhwebo (Iiyure ezili-1.2 zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, iiseshoni ezine): zigubungela ii-chandelles, ii-lazy eights, ii-steep spirals, kunye nee-eights kwii-pylon.
4. Ucwangciso lwe-cross-country kunye ne-double cross-country legs (umhlaba kunye neeyure zokubhabha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4): izakhiwo eziya kuthi ga kwinani elipheleleyo leeyure ezingama-50 zokunqumla ilizwe.
5. Ixesha lokuhamba wedwa/PIC (Iiyure ezili-10 eziqokelelweyo): izalisekisa imfuneko yomfundi wedwa okanye ye-PIC-with-instructor.
6. Uhambo olude olunqumla ilizwe: umlenze omnye ohlangabezana nomgama kunye neemfuno zokufika ezichazwe kwi-§61.129, ezicwangciselwe ikhosi phakathi ukuya ekupheleni xa umfundi enolwazi olwaneleyo ngenqwelo-moya ukuze ayibhabhe ngokuzithemba.
7. Ibhloko yokusebenza ebusuku (iiyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5): igubungela uhambo olufunekayo ebusuku, ukufika, kunye nokuhamba.
8. Iinkqubo zongxamiseko kunye nokuhlolwa kwesigaba: ukusilela kwenkqubo okulinganisiweyo, iipatheni zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwenjini, kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo engaqhelekanga.
9. Ibhloko yoqeqesho lokuqhuba ngaphambi kokujonga (ubuncinci iiyure ezi-3 kwiinyanga ezimbini zekhalenda ezidlulileyo, ngokwe-§61.129): i-mock checkride egubungela uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemisebenzi ye-ACS.

Abafundi abongeza ikhredithi yeenjini ezininzi kufuneka bafake ibhloko yotshintsho ezinikeleyo emva kwenyathelo lesi-2, kwaye ikhredithi ye-TAA kwimfuneko yeeyure ezingama-20 kufuneka ibhalwe phantsi kwisifundo ngasinye kunokuba ithathwe ekupheleni.

Ukulungela Uvavanyo Lolwazi kunye Nokuhlola

Uvavanyo lolwazi lwezorhwebo lwe-FAA, ngamanye amaxesha olubizwa ngokuba yi-CAX, lufuna amanqaku aphumeleleyo ngaphambi kokuba ucwangcise uvavanyo olusebenzayo, kwaye iziphumo zakho zihlala zisebenza iinyanga ezingama-24 zekhalenda. Uninzi lwabafundi luthatha olu vavanyo xa isikolo samabanga aphantsi sigubungela iinkqubo, imozulu, imigaqo, kunye nocwangciso lokusebenza, emva koko badlulela ngqo kulungiselelo lokuhlola ngelixa izinto zintsha.

Ngaphambi kosuku lovavanyo, qinisekisa ukuba unayo:

• Inkxaso yomqeqeshi wangoku kuvavanyo lolwazi kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo
• Ubuncinane iiyure ezi-3 zoqeqesho lokubhabha kwiinyanga ezimbini zekhalenda ngaphambi kovavanyo, ngokwe-§61.129
• Uvavanyo olugqityiweyo lwesigaba okanye uhambo lokuhlola oluhambelanayo olugubungela uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemisebenzi ye-ACS
• Zonke iirekhodi ezifunekayo, isiqinisekiso sezonyango, kunye ne-ID enefoto zilungele umvavanyi

Icebiso Pro: Phatha uhambo lwakho lokuhlola olufana nolwenyani, kuquka novavanyo lomlomo. Abavavanyi bayasilela abafaki-zicelo abaninzi kwinxalenye yomlomo kunakwindiza ngokwayo, ngesiqhelo kuba abafundi bayazikhumbula iinombolo kodwa abakwazi ukuchaza isizathu sazo.

Indlela i-Flight Academy eguqula ngayo le Syllabus ibe yiNkqubo esebenzayo

Izinto ezifunekayo ngokwemithetho zizinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Okwahlula inkqubo eqhutywa kakuhle kukuba ilandela umfundi ngamnye kakuhle kangakanani na kuloo mgangatho ngexesha langempela. Ukuhlolwa kwesigaba kwenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo yesiHlomelo D ngexesha loqeqesho endaweni yokulinda uvavanyo olunye lokuphela kwekhosi kunokufumana izikhewu kwiindawo ezifana nemali yasebusuku okanye ucwangciso olude lwelizwe ngelixa kusekho ixesha lokuzilungisa.

inkampani ubambe Igunya Lokuzihlola Ivumela i-academy ukuba yenze uvavanyo lwe-FAA ngaphakathi endaweni yokulinda ukuba kukho abavavanyi bangaphandle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abafundi abaninzi bangayifumani eminye imisebenzi kangangeeveki.

Uqeqesho lucwangciswe ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuqhubela phambili ukusuka kwiLayisenisi yoMqhubi waBucala ukuya kwi-ATP kwiiyure ezili-111 zoqeqesho lokubhabha, kunye nokuhlolwa kwangaphakathi kususa enye yezona ngxaki zinkulu zokucwangciswa kweziqinisekiso zorhwebo.

Apho uninzi lweeSilabhasi zoRhwebo zisilela khona ngokuzolileyo kubafundi

Imilinganiselo ephantsi yemithetho ifumana lonke ingqwalasela, kodwa eyona nto ibangela ukungaphumeleli kuqeqesho oluninzi lwezorhwebo kukulandelelana, kungekhona iiyure. Izikolo zibeka iinkqubo ezingxamisekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yasebusuku kwangethuba kakhulu, ngaphambi kokuba abafundi babe nokuzithemba okusisiseko kokunamathela kunye nokulawula umva ukuze bathabathe uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo, emva koko bazibuze ukuba kutheni ukuhlolwa kwesigaba kubonisa ukusebenza okubuthathaka. Isilabhasi ehambelana kakuhle neSihlomelo D ephepheni isenokwenza ukuba abafundi balungiselele kakuhle ukuba umyalelo wesifundo awuwunaki indlela esakha ngayo izakhono.

Enye into engalunganga kukuphatha ukuguquguquka kweCandelo 61 njengemvume yokuphambuka. Ukuguquguquka ngaphandle kwesifundo esibhaliweyo esijolise kuso sijika sibe yingxaki yokuhlela, kwaye ingxabano yinto eyandisa inkqubo yeeyure ezingama-250 ibe yingxaki yeeyure ezingama-400. Ukuba kukho utshintsho olunye olufanele lwenziwe kwindlela uninzi lwabafundi olujongana ngayo noku, kukubhala uthotho lwezifundo olupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqale uhambo lokuqala, kungekhona kwindawo ethile malunga nesifundo samashumi amabini xa izikhewu ziqala ukubonakala.

Eyona nto isebenzayo kukujonga yonke iyure kwindawo ethile yokusebenza ukususela ngomhla wokuqala, nokuba ukwiCandelo 61 okanye iCandelo 141. Loo ngqeqesho, hayi ukubalwa kweeyure ezingacwangciswanga, yiyo egqiba ukuba usuku lokujonga uhambo luvakala luqhelekile okanye luvakala ngathi ludlala umdlalo.

— uRainer

Ukulungele Ukuguqula Le Syllabus Ibe Yishedyuli Yohambo Lwenqwelo-moya

Ukufunda isilabhasi yinto enye. Ukuyihambisa ngexesha elithile kunye nokujonga ngaphakathi endlwini ukususa ukurhuqeka okuqhelekileyo kweshedyuli yinto enye. I-Flightschoolusa iqhuba eyayo indlela yovavanyo lorhwebo ekhawulezileyo besebenzisa olu lwakhiwo oluchanekileyo olunemephu ye-FAA, bethatha abafundi abasuka kumqhubi wenqwelo moya wabucala nge-ATP kwiiyure ezili-111 zoqeqesho lokubhabha, kunye nezinga lokupasa uvavanyo lokuqala olusebenzayo elingaphezulu kwama-90%.

Izicwangciso zemali ziyafumaneka kubafundi abafuna iindleko ezimiselweyo zenyanga endaweni yokuhlawula imali yokufunda ngesambuku, ezichazwe kwi iphepha lenkxaso-mali yoqeqesho lokubhabhaUkuba ufuna isilabhasi epheleleyo yesifundo ngesifundo idityaniswe nexesha lakho elithile, cela ingcebiso kwaye wakhe ishedyuli yoqeqesho ngokusekelwe kumhla wakho wokujonga uhambo.

Apho Ungaziqinisekisa Khona Ezi Mfuno

Hlola nayiphi na isilabhasi ngokuchasene ne-§61.129 ukuze ufumane ubuncinci beeyure, iSihlomelo D kwiCandelo 141 ukuze ufumane ulwakhiwo lwezifundo ezivunyiweyo, kunye Isikhokelo sesatifikethi se-FAA ukuze ulungele ukufaneleka. I-Gleim kunye ne-ASA ziyakhutshelwa iireferensi zesilabhasi kufanelekile ukuthelekiswa nezicwangciso zezifundo zesikolo sakho, kunye nezixhobo zokufunda nokugcina inqwelomoya ezifana nale isishwankathelo seenkqubo zeenqwelo-moya ingenza nzulu ukuqonda kwakho iinkqubo oza kuzisebenzisa esikolweni.

imithombo

• 14 CFR § 61.129 – Amava eenqwelo moya. | LII / Legal Information Institute
• I-Govinfo
• Ndingasifumana njani isatifiketi sokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya? | FAA

kucetyiswa

• Ngaba iLayisensi yoMqhubi wezoRhwebo ingathatha iiyure ezili-111?
• Ikhosi ye-ATP CTP yabaPhuhlisi beeNqwelo-moya zoRhwebo: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo
• Iimfuneko zeSatifikethi se-ATP kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya
• Ngaba Inkqubo Yokulinga Urhwebo Olukhawulezileyo Ilungile?