IiNkqubo zeCable, iiNkqubo zeHydraulic, kunye nokuBhabha ngocingo kwinqwelomoya
Ishishini lokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya libone inkqubela phambili ebalaseleyo kule minyaka idlulileyo, kwaye enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zokuqamba izinto iinkqubo zolawulo lweenqwelomoya. Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yokubhabha, apho abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya babesebenzisa izixhobo zokulawula ngesandla ngokusebenzisa uthotho lweentambo kunye neepulleys, ukuya kwixesha langoku apho iinkqubo ze-elektroniki eziphucukileyo zilawula ulawulo lokubhabha, indaleko ayizange ibe yinto emfutshane yokuguqula.
Eli nqaku liphonononga iiyantlukwano phakathi kweenkqubo zentambo zentambo ezisebenza ngoomatshini, iisistim zehydraulic, kunye nenkqubo yempukane yala maxesha ngocingo, ibonelela ngengqiqo ebanzi yendlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo nganye kunye nendima yayo kuphapho lwangoku.
Bhabha ngocingo: Ujongo kwiiNkqubo zeCable Esebenza ngoomatshini
Iisistim zentambo ezisebenza ngoomatshini zimela eyona ndlela yakuqala yolawulo lwenqwelomoya olusetyenziswa kwinqwelomoya. Ezi nkqubo zixhomekeke kuthungelwano lweentambo, iipuli, kunye nothungelwano lomatshini ukudibanisa ulawulo lomqhubi wenqwelo-moya kwindawo yokukhwela inqwelo-moya kwindawo yokulawula inqwelo-moya, njenge amaphiko, izinyusi, yaye umkhonto.
Kwinkqubo yentambo esebenza ngoomatshini, xa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ehambisa idyokhwe okanye iipedali zokujika, isenzo sitsala ngokuthe ngqo okanye sityhale iintambo eziqhagamshelwe kwiindawo zolawulo. Olu nxulumaniso lomatshini luqinisekisa impendulo ethe ngqo, elungeleleneyo kumagalelo olingo, inika umqhubi wengxelo ebambekayo kunye nemvakalelo yolawulo. Ukulula kwezi nkqubo kuye kwavumela ukuba zihlale zisetyenziswa, ngakumbi kwiinqwelomoya ezincinci, ezingantsonkothanga kakhulu.
Izibonelelo zeeNkqubo zeCable
Izibonelelo zeenkqubo zentambo ezisebenza ngoomatshini zimiliselwe ngokulula kunye nokuthembeka kwazo. Enye yezona nzuzo zibalulekileyo kunxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi komqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye neendawo zokulawula. Olu nxulumaniso luthe ngqo lubonelela ngengxelo ekhawulezileyo kumqhubi wenqwelo-moya, nto leyo evumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenqwelomoya. Ukongezelela, iinkqubo zeentambo zilula ukuzigcina nokuzilungisa. Ubume boomatshini babo buthetha ukuba banokujongwa ngokubonakalayo ukuba banxibe kwaye bakrazukile, kwaye ukulungiswa kunokuqhutywa ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
Enye ingenelo ephambili kukuzimela geqe kwimithombo yamandla. Ngokungafaniyo ne-hydraulic okanye i-fly-by-wire systems, iinkqubo zekhebula ezisebenza ngoomatshini azithembeli kumbane okanye uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic. Olu kuzimela luqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokulawula ihlala isebenza nakwimeko yokungaphumeleli kombane, ukubonelela ngenqanaba lokungafuneki elibalulekileyo kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
Iinkqubo zeentambo ezisebenza ngoomatshini nazo zonga iindleko, ngakumbi kwiinqwelo-moya ezincinci apho ubunzima kunye nobunzima beenkqubo eziphucukileyo busenokungathetheleleki. Ukulula kwezi nkqubo kunciphisa iindleko zokuqala kunye neendleko zokuzilungisa ixesha elide, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho olusebenzayo kwinqwelomoya jikelele.
Ukungalungi kwiiNkqubo zeCable
Ngaphandle koncedo lwazo, iinkqubo zentambo ezisebenza ngoomatshini azikho ngaphandle kokusilela kwazo. Omnye weyona mida iphambili ngumzamo womzimba ofunekayo ukuze ulawule ulawulo, ngakumbi kwiinqwelomoya ezinkulu okanye ngesantya esiphezulu. Njenge amandla aerodynamic ukusebenza kwimigangatho yolawulo inyuka, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya kufuneka asebenzise amandla awongezelelekileyo ukuwahambisa, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekudinweni komqhubi wenqwelo-moya ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Enye into engalunganga kukungaphumeleli koomatshini. Ngelixa iinkqubo zentambo zithembeke ngokubanzi, ziyakwazi ukunxiba kunye nokukrazula ixesha elide. Iintambo ziyakwazi ukuqhawuka, iipuli zinokuguga, kwaye amakhonkco anokuqhawuka. Ulondolozo lwarhoqo luyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba isistim ihlala ikwimeko entle yokusebenza, kwaye nakuphi na ukungaphumeleli kwisistim kunokuba neziphumo ezibi.
Ukongeza, iinkqubo zentambo ezisebenza ngoomatshini zilinganiselwe kubuchule bazo bokudityaniswa nezanamhlanje avionics kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Kwixesha apho iinkqubo zokulawula ukuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya eziphambili ziba yinto eqhelekileyo, ukulinganiselwa kweenkqubo zentambo ngokubhekiselele kwi-automation kunye nokudibanisa kuya kubonakala ngokucacileyo. Lo mda ubenza bangazilungeli kangako iinqwelomoya zale mihla zorhwebo nezomkhosi, apho iinkqubo zolawulo lwenqwelomoya ezikumgangatho ophezulu zihlala zifuneka.
Bhabha ngocingo: IiNkqubo zeHydraulic eziSebenzisiweyo ngoomatshini zicacisiwe
Iinkqubo zeHydraulic kwinqwelomoya yinkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo ngaphezu kolawulo oluqhelekileyo olusebenza ngentambo, ngakumbi kwiinqwelomoya ezinkulu nezikhawulezayo. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa ulwelo ngamanzi phantsi koxinzelelo lokuhambisa iindawo zokulawula, ukunciphisa umgudu womzimba ofunekayo ngumqhubi kunye nokuvumela ukulawula okuchanekileyo kwisantya esiphezulu kunye nokuphakama.
Kwi-hydraulic system esebenza ngoomatshini, amagalelo omqhubi wenqwelo-moya adluliselwa ngeentambo okanye ngeerodi i-activator ye-hydraulic. Le actuator ke ihambisa umphezulu wolawulo isebenzisa uxinzelelo lwehydraulic, oluveliswa ziimpompo eziqhutywa ziinjini zenqwelomoya. Inkqubo isebenza kwimigaqo yoMthetho kaPascal, othi uxinzelelo olusetyenziswa kulwelo oluvaliweyo lusasazwa ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amacala.
I-Hydraulics kunye noMthetho kaPascal
Umthetho kaPascal sisiseko seenkqubo zoxinzelelo lwamanzi kwinqwelo-moya. Ngokwalo mgaqo, xa uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kulwelo olukwindawo evalelweyo, olo xinzelelo lusasazwa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ulwelo. Oku kuvumela amandla amancinci okufakwayo ukuba enze amandla amakhulu kakhulu emveliso, okwenza ukuba intshukumo yemigangatho yolawulo enzima kunye nomgudu omncinci ovela kumqhubi.
Ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, xa umqhubi wenqwelomoya ehambisa ulawulo kwi-hydraulic system, amandla asetyenziswa kwikholamu yolawulo okanye i-rudder pedals idluliselwa ngomgca we-hydraulic ukuya kwipiston kwi-actuator ye-hydraulic. Uxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic fluid lunyanzela ipiston ukuba ihambe, nto leyo ehambisa indawo yokulawula. Eli lungiselelo livumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokuhamba kwenqwelo-moya ngomgudu omncinane womzimba.
Izibonelelo zeeNkqubo zeHydraulic zeenqwelomoya
Iinkqubo zeHydraulic zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwiinkqubo zentambo ezisebenza ngoomatshini, ngakumbi ngokwamandla kunye nokuchaneka. Eyona nzuzo ibalulekileyo kukuncitshiswa komthwalo wokulinga umsebenzi. Iinkqubo zeHydraulic zinokuvelisa amandla abalulekileyo ngamagalelo amancinci, okwenza kube lula ukulawula iinqwelomoya ezinkulu nezikhawulezayo. Oku kuncitshiswa komgudu womzimba kubaluleke kakhulu kwinqwelomoya yesantya esiphezulu, apho amandla e-aerodynamic kwiindawo zokulawula zikhulu kakhulu.
Enye inzuzo kukuchaneka kolawulo. Iinkqubo zeHydraulic zivumela uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo kwiindawo zokulawula, okwenza kube lula kunye nokuphathwa okuchanekileyo kwenqwelomoya. Oku kuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu kwinqwelomoya yorhwebo kunye nomkhosi, apho ukukwazi ukwenza uhlengahlengiso oluncinci, oluchanekileyo kwindlela yenqwelomoya inokubaluleka.
Iinkqubo zeHydraulic zikwathembeke kakhulu kwaye zomelele. Zenzelwe ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, kubandakanywa ukushisa okuphezulu, uxinzelelo kunye nemithwalo. Ukongeza, iisistim zehydraulic ziyakwazi ukubonelela ngokusebenza okungaguqukiyo kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zokusebenza, zizenze zilungele iimfuno zenqwelomoya zanamhlanje.
Ukungalungi kweHydraulics
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zabo, iinkqubo zehydraulic zineengxaki ezithile. Enye yezona zinto zingalunganga kukuthembela kumthombo wamandla. Iinkqubo zeHydraulic zifuna iimpompo ukwenza uxinzelelo oluyimfuneko, kwaye ezi mpompo zihlala ziqhutywa ziinjini zenqwelomoya. Kwimeko yokusilela kwe-injini okanye ukulahleka koxinzelelo lwe-hydraulic, inkqubo yokulawula inokuthi ingasebenzi, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kolawulo.
Enye into engalunganga kukuntsonkotha kunye nobunzima beenkqubo zehydraulic. Zifuna uthungelwano lweempompo, ii-actuator, iireservoirs, kunye nemigca yolwelo, zonke ezongeza ubunzima kunye nobunzima kwinqwelomoya. Obu bunzima bonyukayo bunokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, ngelixa ubunzima bunokukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa kunye namandla amakhulu okusilela kwenkqubo.
Iinkqubo zeHydraulic zikwathanda ukuvuza, okunokubangela ukulahleka kolwelo olwenziwa ngamanzi kunye nokulahleka koxinzelelo lwenkqubo. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kuyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo, kwaye nakuphi na ukuvuza kufuneka kulungiswe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukusilela kwesistim.
Bhabha ngocingo: Ithetha ukuthini
Ukubhabha ngocingo (FBW) kubonisa ukutsibela phambili okubalulekileyo kubuchwepheshe bolawulo lwenqwelomoya. Ngokungafaniyo neesistim ezisebenza ngoomatshini, ezixhomekeke kuqhagamshelo olubonakalayo phakathi kwabalawuli bomqhubi wenqwelo-moya kunye neendawo zolawulo, iisistim zokubhabha ngeengcingo zisebenzisa imiqondiso yombane ukusasaza izimvo zomqhubi. La magalelo acutshungulwa ziikhompyutha ezikwibhodi, ezithi ke zithumele imiyalelo kwii actuators ezihambisa umphezulu wolawulo. Le nkqubo iphelisa imfuno yonxibelelwano ngoomatshini, ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye nobunzima ngelixa inyusa ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwenqwelomoya.
Igama elithi “Fly by wire” libhekiselele ekutshintshweni kolawulo lwenqwelomoya oluqhelekileyo ngonxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki. Kwinkqubo ye-fly by wire, iintshukumo zomqhubi wenqwelomoya ziguqulwa zibe ziimpawu ze-elektroniki, ezithunyelwa ngeengcingo (ngoko “ngocingo”) ukuya kwiikhompyutha zokulawula inqwelo-moya. Ezi khompyutha zicubungula imiqondiso kwaye zithumele imiyalelo ehambelanayo kwii-actuators ezihambisa iindawo zolawulo. Olu cwangciso alwenzi lula inkqubo yolawulo kuphela kodwa luvumela ukuzenzekelayo okukhulu kunye nokudibanisa nezinye iinkqubo zeenqwelomoya.
Iisistim zokubhabha ngocingo zihlala ziyinxalenye yesuite enkulu yee-avionics eziphambili ezibandakanya I-autopilot, iinkqubo zolawulo lwenqwelomoya, kunye nolunye ulawulo oluzenzekelayo. Ezi nkqubo zinokunyusa ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya ngokwenza uhlengahlengiso lwexesha lokwenyani kwiindawo zolawulo ezisekelwe kwi isantya senqwelomoya, umphakamo, kunye nezinye iiparamitha. Ukubhabha ngocingo kukwavumela ukuphunyezwa kokhuseleko lwemvulophu yokubhabha, nto leyo ethintela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ekubeni enze izinto zokulawula ezinokukhokelela kwimeko eyingozi, njengokudlula imida yesakhiwo senqwelo-moya okanye ukungena kwindawo yokutyela.
Izibonelelo zokuBhabha ngeNqwelo-moya
Iinkqubo zokubhabha ngocingo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, zizenza zibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiinqwelomoya zale mihla zorhwebo nezomkhosi. Enye yeenzuzo eziphawulekayo kukunciphisa ubunzima kunye nobunzima. Ngokuphelisa imfuno yonxibelelwano ngoomatshini, iinkqubo zokubhabha nge-wire zinciphisa ubunzima benqwelomoya, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuculweni kokusebenza kwamafutha kunye nokusebenza.
Enye inzuzo ephambili kukhuseleko olwandisiweyo kunye nokuthembeka okubonelelwa ngokubhabha ngeenkqubo zocingo. Ezi nkqubo zinokubandakanya iindlela ezininzi ezingafunekiyo zokuhambisa umqondiso, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungaphumeleli kwinxalenye enye yenkqubo akuphumeleli ekulahlekelweni kolawulo. Ukongezelela, ukudityaniswa kokhuseleko lwemvulophu yenqwelo-moya kunceda ukuthintela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ekubeni benze izinto ezinokuba yingozi kwinqwelo-moya, nto leyo enciphisa iingozi zeengozi.
Iinkqubo zokubhabha ngocingo zikwavumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kuyilo lwenqwelomoya. Ngenxa yokuba imiphezulu yolawulo iqhutywa ziisignali zombane endaweni yonxibelelwano ngoomatshini, abayili banenkululeko ethe kratya yokwandisa i-aerodynamics kunye nokwakheka kwenqwelomoya. Oku kuguquguquka kunokukhokelela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza, ukuphatha, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Okokugqibela, iisistim zokubhabha ngocingo zenza ukuba zizenzekele ezizihambela phambili kunye nokudityaniswa nezinye iinkqubo zenqwelomoya. Oku kudityaniswa kuvumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi lwenqwelomoya kwaye kunciphisa umsebenzi womqhubi wenqwelo-moya, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuqhuba okuntsonkothileyo okanye kwiimeko ezimbi. Ukukwazi kwenkqubo ukulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo amagalelo olawulo olusekelwe kwidatha yexesha lokwenyani kukwanegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokutyibilikayo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Ububi bokuBhabha ngocingo
Nangona iingenelo zayo ezininzi, ukubhabha ngeenkqubo zocingo azikho ngaphandle kwemingeni yazo. Enye yezinto eziphambili ezixhalabisayo kukuthembela kumalungu e-elektroniki kunye nesoftware. Ngelixa ezi nkqubo zithembeke ngokubanzi, zinokuba sesichengeni kwimiba efana ne-software bugs, ukusilela kombane, okanye izoyikiso ze-cyber. Kwimeko yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesoftware, inkqubo inokutolika amagalelo okulinga ngendlela engachanekanga, ekhokelela kwiintshukumo zolawulo ebezingalindelekanga. Nangona iinkqubo zale mihla zokubhabha ngocingo ziyilwe zinemigangatho emininzi yokungafuneki ukunciphisa le ngozi, ukuthembela kwiinkqubo zombane ezintsonkothileyo zazisa uluhlu olwahlukileyo lweendlela zokusilela xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zoomatshini zemveli.
Enye into engalunganga yilahleko yengxelo ebambekayo abathi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baqhele ukufunyanwa ngeenkqubo ezisebenza ngoomatshini. Kuseto lwemveli, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokuziva ngokwasemzimbeni amandla asebenza kwindawo yolawulo ngentonga yolawulo okanye idyokhwe. Le ngxelo inokubonelela ngezikhokelo ezixabisekileyo malunga nokuziphatha kwenqwelomoya kunye nempendulo kumagalelo. Bhabha ngeesistim zocingo, nangona kunjalo, zihlala zingenalu nxibelelwano luthe ngqo lomatshini, nto leyo ethetha ukuba abaqhubi basenokungafumani inqanaba elifanayo lengxelo. Ngelixa ezinye iisistim zocingo zibandakanya iindlela zokwenziwa kweengxelo zokwenziwa ukulinganisa la mandla, zisenokungaphindaphindi ngokupheleleyo iinuances zonxibelelwano oluthe ngqo ngoomatshini.
Iinkqubo zokubhabha ngocingo nazo zifuna uvavanyo olungqongqo kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngenxa yokuntsokotha kwazo. Ukudityaniswa kwesoftware kunye nehardware kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo iziphatha ngendlela elindelekileyo phantsi kwazo zonke iimeko zokusebenza. Olu vavanyo lunokutya ixesha kunye neendleko, ukongeza kwindleko epheleleyo yokuphuhlisa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukubhabha ngenqwelomoya.
Okokugqibela, iisistim zokubhabha ngocingo zibiza kakhulu ukuphuhlisa, ukuphumeza, kunye nokugcina xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zesiqhelo zoomatshini okanye zamanzi. Iindleko zokuqala zokuyila kunye nokuqinisekisa impukane ngenkqubo yocingo ingaba phezulu, kwaye ukugcinwa okuqhubekayo kufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo. Ezi ndleko ziphezulu zinokuba ngumqobo kubenzi beenqwelo-moya ezincinci okanye abaqhubi abanokuthi bangabi nazo izixhobo zotyalo-mali kubuchwepheshe obuphambili obunjalo.
isiphelo
Ukuvela kweenkqubo zolawulo lwenqwelomoya ukusuka kwiintambo ezisebenza ngoomatshini ukuya kwiinkqubo zamanzi omoya kwaye ekugqibeleni ukubhabha ngocingo lobuchwephesha kubonisa ukuqhubela phambili okubonakalayo kuphapho. Inkqubo nganye inesethi yayo yeenzuzo kunye nezithintelo, ezenza ukuba zilungele ngokwahlukileyo iintlobo zeenqwelomoya kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.
Iinkqubo zeentambo ezisebenza ngoomatshini zibonelela ngokulula, ukuthembeka, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ngakumbi kwiinqwelomoya ezincinci apho iimfuno kwinkqubo yolawulo zingaphantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, bafuna umgudu ongakumbi womzimba kumqhubi wenqwelomoya kwaye banqunyelwe kubuchule babo bokudibanisa ne-avionics yanamhlanje kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo.
Iinkqubo zeHydraulic zibonelela ngamandla kunye nokuchaneka okufunekayo kwinqwelomoya enkulu kunye nekhawulezayo, ukunciphisa umthwalo wokulingwa kunye nokwenza ulawulo oluchanekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zomelele kwaye zithembekile kodwa ziza nokuntsonkotha okwandileyo, ubunzima, kunye neemfuno zokulondolozwa.
Itekhnoloji yeFly by wire imele eyona nto iphambili yolawulo lwenqwelomoya yale mihla, inika ubunzima obuncitshisiweyo, ukwanda kokhuseleko, kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu kuyilo nokusebenza. Ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwayo kumacandelo e-elektroniki kunye nesoftware, eyazisa imingeni emitsha, ukubhabha ngocingo kuye kwaba ngumgangatho weenqwelomoya ezininzi zorhwebo nezomkhosi ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezininzi.
Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, ikamva leenkqubo zokulawula iinqwelomoya liya kubona izinto ezintsha ezakha phezu kweziseko zezi nkqubo zikhoyo. Nokuba kungokusebenza okuzisebenzelayo okuphuculweyo, ukuphuculwa kokungafuneki, okanye iindlela ezintsha zolawulo, injongo iya kuhlala ikukwenza ukubhabha kukhuseleke, kusebenze ngakumbi, kwaye kufikeleleke ngakumbi.
Ukuba unomdla wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwaye ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nezi nkqubo zolawulo lwenqwelomoya, akukho ndawo ingcono yokuqalisa kune Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Nokuba unomdla na ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya okanye ukuqhubela phambili izakhono zakho zangoku, iiFlyers zaseFlorida zibonelela ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho ezikumgangatho ophezulu eziya kukuxhobisa ngolwazi kunye namava afunekayo ukuze ugqwese kushishino lophapho.
EFlorida Flyers, uya kufumana amava okusebenza ngeenqwelomoya zemveli kunye nezanamhlanje, zikunika ukuqonda okubanzi kweenkqubo ezigcina iinqwelomoya esibhakabhakeni.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokuhlawulela isikolo sokubhabha.
