Iimfuno zesatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye neeyure zokubhabha

I-ATP yeyona nqanaba liphezulu lesatifikethi somqhubi eMelika, kwaye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya kuthetha okungaphezulu kokufikelela kwinani elipheleleyo leeyure zokubhabha. Kwiimfuno zamava aqhelekileyo odidi lwenqwelomoya, i-Federal Aviation Administration ifuna iiyure ezili-1,500 zexesha elipheleleyo lomqhubi, kunye namava athile kwiindawo ezifana nokubhabha ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye kunye nexesha lomqhubi olawulayo. Iindlela ze-ATP ezithintelweyo zinokuba neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeeyure kunye neminyaka kubafaki-zicelo abafanelekileyo.

Umlinganiselo weeyure zokubhabha yinxalenye enye kuphela yeemfuno zesatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya, ngoko ke kuyaqondakala ukuzibuza ukuba yeyiphi indlela esebenzayo kuwe. Esi sikhokelo sichaza oko kwamkelwa sisatifikethi se-ATP, imithetho eqhelekileyo neyimida yeeyure zokubhabha, kunye nezatifikethi, amanqaku, uqeqesho, kunye neemvavanyo ezifunekayo kubafaki-zicelo. Ikwabonisa indlela ezi mfuno ezihambelana ngayo nokuqhubela phambili ukuya ekubhabheni ngenqwelo moya ngobuchwephesha.

Yintoni iSatifikethi se-Airline Transport Pilot (ATP)?

Isatifikethi se-ATP sesona sigaba siphezulu e-US isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoyaIfanelekela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya imisebenzi efuna amalungelo e-ATP, kuquka nokusebenza njengokapteni wenqwelo-moya ecwangcisiweyo phantsi kweCandelo 121. umqhubi wenqwelomoya Iimfuneko zesatifikethi zigubungela ixesha elingaphezulu kunelo lokubhabha eliqokelelweyo: abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane namava, ulwazi, uqeqesho, kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo efanelekileyo. Ukuba nesatifikethi kumisela isiqinisekiso, kodwa akuqinisekisi ukuqeshwa okanye ukugunyazisa umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuba asebenzise zonke iinqwelo-moya.

Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bagqibezele amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuqinisekisa udidi lwabo, udidi, kunye novavanyo. Iimfuno zesatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya ziquka ukuphumelela uvavanyo lolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nokubonisa ubuchule kuvavanyo olusebenzayo. Irekhodi yamava kufuneka ihlangabezane neendidi ezithile zeeyure zendiza ezisebenzayo. Umzekelo, abafaki-zicelo abaqhelekileyo bodidi lwenqwelo moya bafuna iiyure ezingama-50 kudidi lwenqwelo moya ukuze bafumane uvavanyo olufunwayo. Loo mava akhethekileyo kudidi yinxalenye yerekhodi ebanzi yeenqwelo moya.

Kwabafaki-zicelo abafuna isatifikethi se-ATP seenjini ezininzi zeenqwelo moya, iNkqubo yoQeqesho lweSiqinisekiso se-ATP, okanye i-ATP CTP, iyafuneka. Phantsi kweKhowudi ye-Electronic yeMigaqo yeSizwe, abafaki-zicelo besatifikethi se-ATP seenjini ezininzi zeenqwelo moya zase-US okanye umlinganiselo wohlobo lweenqwelo moya ezininzi ngaxeshanye kufuneka bagqibe i-ATP CTP ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sovavanyo lolwazi. Landela ulandelelwano: gqibezela uqeqesho, uze ufake isicelo sovavanyo. Olu qeqesho luzisa iingcamango zokusebenza kweenqwelo moya ngaphambi kokuba abafaki-zicelo babonise ulwazi lwabo.

I-ATP CTP idibanisa amava okufunda eklasini kunye namava okulinganisa. Le khosi ibandakanya iiyure ezingama-30 zokufundiswa esikolweni sasemhlabeni kunye neeyure ezili-10 zexesha lokulinganisa. Izifundo zayo zilungiselela abafaki-zicelo imisebenzi apho imithetho ifuna i-ATP, kuquka neemfuno zokwenza izigqibo zokubhabha kwenkampani. Uninzi lwezifundo ze-ATP CTP zihlala iintsuku ezintlanu. Ukugqitywa kuyanelisa iimfuno zenkqubo yoqeqesho, kodwa akuthathi indawo yovavanyo lolwazi, uvavanyo olusebenzayo, okanye eminye imigangatho yokufaneleka. Imfuneko nganye inendima eyahlukileyo kwisiqinisekiso.

Isatifikethi se-ATP sikwazisa uxanduva lomsebenzi ngaphandle kokuphumelela uvavanyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka basebenzise iinkqubo, balawule umthwalo womsebenzi, banxibelelane nabasebenzi, kwaye benze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo kulo lonke uhambo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ze-ATP baqeqeshwa rhoqo, bahlolwe ubuchule, kwaye bahlolwe umgca ukuze bagcine imali. Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukusebenza kwiindawo zokusebenza, kungekuphela nje ulwazi oluboniswayo ngexesha lokuqinisekiswa kokuqala. I-ATP sisiqinisekiso esiphambili, ngelixa uqeqesho oluqhubekayo kunye nokuhlolwa kunceda ukugcina ukulungela imisebenzi eyabelweyo.

Iimfuneko zeeyure zendiza ze-ATP

Ukufaneleka kwe-ATP kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka, ixesha elipheleleyo lokubhabha, kunye namava kwiindidi ezithile. Kwabo bafaka izicelo zeenqwelo moya, indlela eqhelekileyo ibeka ubuncinci obahlukeneyo bexesha lokunqumla ilizwe, umqhubi okhokelayo, ubusuku, kunye nexesha lezixhobo.

Ubuncinane beminyaka kunye neemfuneko zeeyure zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya

Indlela eqhelekileyo yamava e-ATP ifuna ukuba abafaki-zicelo bahlangabezane neminyaka emincinci kunye nemida eneenkcukacha zeeyure zokubhabha. Ngokutsho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration, abafaki-zicelo abasebenzisa iimfuno ezisemgangathweni zamava kwiinqwelomoya, iirotorcraft, okanye ii-powered-lift ratings kufuneka babe neminyaka engama-23 ubudala ubuncinane. Kwi-ATP yodidi lweenqwelo moya yase-US, i-Federal Aviation Administration imisela iiyure ezili-1,500 zexesha lokuqhuba lilonke. Oku kubalulekile kuba ixesha lilonke alinakucacisa ukufaneleka; lonke udidi lwamava olufunekayo kufuneka luhlangatyezwe.

Iimfuneko zeeyure zokuhamba ngenqwelo moya ezinqumla ilizwe

Ixesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya phakathi kwezikhululo zeenqwelo moya libalelwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi le-ATP. Ngokutsho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration, abafaki-zicelo abaxhomekeke kwimfuneko yeyure yokuhamba ngenqwelo moya ye-ATP kufuneka babe neeyure ezingama-500 zokuhamba ngenqwelo moya. Iprofayili yamava aqhelekileyo ikwafuna iiyure ezingama-250 njengomqhubi wenqwelo moya olawulayo, ubuncinane iiyure ezili-100 zokuhamba ngenqwelo moya ngaphakathi kwamava afunekayo omqhubi wenqwelo moya olawulayo okanye amava afanelekileyo omntu wesibini olawulayo. Landelela la maqela ngokwahlukeneyo kwincwadi yakho yelogi, kuba inqwelo moya enye inokufaneleka kwiindidi ezingaphezu kwenye kuphela xa ihlangabezana neemfuno zodidi ngalunye.

Ukuncitshiswa kweeyure zendiza

Iindlela ze-ATP ezithintelweyo zinokunciphisa umda weeyure ezipheleleyo zabafaki-zicelo abafanelekileyo bezomkhosi kunye nekholeji yeenqwelo moya. Umntu ophumelele kwikholeji yeenqwelo moya yeminyaka emine unokufaneleka ngeeyure ezili-1,000, ngokutsho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration; umntu ophumelele kwikholeji yeenqwelo moya yeminyaka emibini unokufaneleka ngeeyure ezili-1,250. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bomkhosi banokufaneleka nge-ATP ethintelweyo eneeyure ezingama-750. Ezi ndlela zinemiqathango ethile yokufaneleka, ngoko ke imvelaphi yoqeqesho kunye nendlela efanelekileyo zimisela ukuba yeyiphi imida esebenzayo.

Iprofayili eqhelekileyo yamava enqwelomoya ibandakanya ixesha elingaphezulu kwelipheleleyo nelihamba ngeenyawo. Ikwabandakanya iiyure ezili-100 zasebusuku kunye neeyure ezingama-75 zexesha lezixhobo. Abafaki-zicelo banokufuna ukuhlangabezana necandelo lokubhabha ebusuku ngaphakathi kwemfuneko yamava efanelekileyo. Ukusuka ebusuku okufanelekileyo kunye nokufika kwindawo yonke kungathatha indawo yexesha lokubhabha ebusuku, kuxhomekeke kumda ofanelekileyo. Ukurekhoda udidi ngalunye ngokuchanekileyo kunceda ukutyhila izikhewu ngaphambi kwesigaba sesicelo.

Ikhredithi ye-simulator inomda ochaziweyo kubalo lwamava odidi lwenqwelo moya. Akunakudlula iiyure ezili-100 eziza kuvela kwi-simulator epheleleyo yokubhabha okanye kwisixhobo soqeqesho lokubhabha. Loo mda uthetha ukuba amava e-simulator anokufaka isandla, kodwa akanakuthabatha indawo yamava okubhabha afunekayo ngaphandle komda. Hlola ingeniso nganye ebhalisiweyo ukuze ubone udidi lwayo kunye nemeko yesixhobo soqeqesho, uze uthelekise zonke izinto ezifunekayo nendlela oceba ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukuhlangabezana neeyure zeenqwelo-moya yinxalenye enye nje yokubonisa ubuchule bokubhabha. Abafaki-zicelo be-ATP kufuneka baphumelele uvavanyo olusebenzayo olugubungela iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza phantsi kwe-14 CFR § 61.157(e). Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukusebenza kolu didi kunye nodidi olufunwayo, ngelixa iirekhodi zeeyure zeenqwelo-moya zimisela amava angaphambili. Isicwangciso sokulungiselela esisebenzayo ke ngoko kufuneka sijongane nokuphathwa kweenqwelo-moya kunye nolwazi olufunekayo lokusebenza, kungekuphela nje iiyure ezisele kwincwadi yengxelo.

A isicwangciso soqeqesho lokubhabha esicwangcisiweyo inokukunceda wakhe kwaye urekhode amava kuzo zonke iindidi ezifunekayo.

Ukufaneleka kwe-ATP okulinganiselweyo

Ukufaneleka kwe-FAA kuxhomekeke kwindlela yesatifikethi, ubudala, amava okubhabha, kunye neziqinisekiso ezixhasayo. I-ATP enomda, okanye i-R-ATP, ivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafanelekileyo ukuba bakhonze ngamalungelo anqongopheleyo ngaphambi kokuba bahlangabezane neemfuno ze-ATP ezisemgangathweni.

Ukuze bafanelekele i-ATP eqhelekileyo, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno zobudala ezifanelekileyo kunye namava okubhabha, babe neziqinisekiso zomqhubi wenqwelomoya ezifunekayo, kwaye baphumelele ulwazi kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo. Abafaki-zicelo abafanelekileyo abakwinqanaba leenqwelo moya abanokufaneleka ngeeyure ezimbalwa zokubhabha, kodwa isiqinisekiso sabo sinciphisa amalungelo omqhubi wenqwelo moya olawulayo.

Ubudala kunye neemfuno zonyango zixhomekeke kumalungelo afunekayo: indlela yamava eqhelekileyo ifuna iminyaka engama-23, ngelixa abafaki-zicelo abakwinqanaba leenqwelo moya abanomda banokufaka izicelo xa beneminyaka engama-21. Isatifikethi sezonyango sodidi lokuqala siyafuneka ukuze sisebenze njengomqhubi wenqwelo moya okhokelayo, kwaye isatifikethi sezonyango sodidi lwesibini siyafuneka ukuze sisebenze njengomlawuli wesibini; abafaki-zicelo bakwadinga ubuchule bokunxibelelana ngesiNgesi kwimisebenzi yeenqwelo moya.

I-Federal Aviation Administration ithi umntu ophumelele kwikholeji yeenqwelo moya yeminyaka emine unokufaneleka ukufumana i-R-ATP eneeyure ezili-1,000. Umntu ophumelele kwikholeji yeenqwelo moya yeminyaka emibini unokufaneleka ngeeyure ezili-1,250, ngokutsho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration. Le miqathango ifumaneka kuphela xa umfaki-sicelo ehlangabezana neemeko zemfundo ezifanelekileyo, izifundo, kunye noqeqesho.

Ukufaneleka kwesidanga kuxhomekeke kwizifundo zeenqwelo moya, kungekuphela nje ekubeni nediploma. Isidanga se-bachelor sokuhamba ngenqwelo moya esifanelekileyo sifuna iiyure ezingama-60 zekhredithi zezifundo zeenqwelo moya kunye nezokuhamba ngenqwelo moya; isidanga se-associate esifanelekileyo sifuna ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-30 zekhredithi zesemester. Abaphumelele kwi-Bachelor abaneekhredithi ezingama-30 kodwa ezingaphantsi kwama-60 ezifanelekileyo banokufanelekela iiyure ezili-1,250 zeenqwelo moya, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo zoqeqesho.

Uqeqesho lomkhosi lubonelela ngenye indlela ethintelweyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya zomkhosi banokufanelekela iiyure ezingama-750, kwaye abafaki-zicelo abaqeqeshwe emkhosini banokusebenzisa imfuneko yeeyure ezingama-200 yokunqumla ilizwe phantsi kwemigaqo ye-R-ATP efanelekileyo. Lo mqathango ngokubanzi uthintela amandla omnini-nqwelo-moya okhokelayo kwimisebenzi ethile de kufikelelwe kwimiqathango yobudala namava afunekayo. Isatifikethi sinomda "Othintelweyo ngokuhambelana ne-14 CFR 61.167."

Kwabafaki-zicelo beenqwelo moya ezineenjini ezininzi, i-R-ATP ayizihoyi iimfuno zoqeqesho, uvavanyo, okanye zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo. Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bafaneleke ngendlela evunyiweyo kwaye bahlangabezane neemfuno zamava kudidi lweenqwelo moya kunye novavanyo olufunwayo. Ilayisenisi yomqhubi wenqwelo moya yangaphandle enamalungelo ezixhobo ikwayindlela yokufaneleka.

Inkqubo yesicelo ilandela ulandelelwano oluchaziweyo: misela indlela esemgangathweni okanye enomda; hlanganisa izatifikethi zomqhubi wenqwelo moya, amanqaku, iirekhodi zeenqwelo moya, kunye namaxwebhu emfundo; gqibezela uqeqesho olufunekayo; ngenisa iSatifikethi se-Airman kunye/okanye isicelo soVavanyo, iFomu 8710-1; uze uphumelele ulwazi olufanelekileyo kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo. Olu landelelwano lubalulekile kuba iimfuno zoqeqesho kunye nobungqina bokufaneleka kufuneka zibe khona ngaphambi kwesigqibo sokuqinisekiswa.

Izatifikethi zovavanyo kunye novavanyo olufunekayo

Isicelo se-ATP sakhelwe phezu kweemfaneleko zomqhubi wenqwelo moya zangaphambili: isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelo moya wezorhwebo kunye novavanyo lwezixhobo. Ezi ziqinisekiso ziseka isiseko sokubhabha ngobuchwephesha, ngelixa i-ATP ibonisa ukufaneleka kwimisebenzi yomqhubi wenqwelo moya ekumgangatho ophezulu. Isidanga asinakuthatha indawo yaso nasiphi na isiqinisekiso. Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane namava kunye neemfuno zovavanyo kudidi, udidi, kunye novavanyo olufunwayo.

Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye novavanyo lwezixhobo zenza iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Isatifikethi sorhwebo sivumela umqhubi wenqwelomoya ukuba ahlawulwe ngokubhabha, ngelixa isatifikethi se-ATP siyimfuneko kwimisebenzi yomqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye neminye imisebenzi ethile. Uvavanyo lwezixhobo lunika amalungelo ezixhobo. Ezi ziqinisekiso zakha isiseko sesicelo se-ATP, kodwa azithathi indawo yoqeqesho oluthile lwe-ATP, amava okubhabha, okanye uvavanyo.

Udidi kunye neklasi zimisela ukuba zeziphi iimvume kunye namava eenqwelo moya asebenzayo. Umgangatho we-ATP ofunwayo kufuneka uhambelane nodidi kunye nodidi lweenqwelo moya olucetywayo ngumfaki-sicelo. Kwabafaki-zicelo zeenqwelo moya, udidi lunokuba yi-single-injini okanye i-multi-injini; indlela ye-multi-injini ineemfuno zoqeqesho ezongezelelweyo. Jonga ukuba izatifikethi kunye nomgangatho kwiirekhodi zakho zomqhubi zihambelana nesicelo se-ATP, kuba amava kudidi olwahlukileyo asenokungahlangabezani nemida ethile yeklasi.

• Isatifikethi sovavanyo lwezorhwebo: Isatifikethi esisisiseko sabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanenjongo yokufumana imali ngenqwelo-moya.
• Uvavanyo lwezixhobo: Uvavanyo olufunekayo luhambelana nesatifikethi sovavanyo lwezorhwebo sabafaki-zicelo be-ATP.
• Udidi lwe-ATP kunye novavanyo lweklasi: Amalungelo esatifikethi afunwayo kufuneka ahambelane nodidi lweenqwelo moya ezifanelekileyo kunye nodidi.
• Uvavanyo lohlobo lwenqwelo-moya: Kufuneka isiqinisekiso esahlukileyo sokuqhuba nayiphi na inqwelo-moya enkulu okanye esebenzisa ijethi.

Amava athile kwiklasi abalulekile. Abafaki-zicelo abaxhomekeke kwiimfuno zeyure zokubhabha ze-ATP eziqhelekileyo kufuneka babe neeyure ezingama-50 kwiklasi yenqwelomoya ukuze bafumane umlinganiselo ofunwayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya olandela umlinganiselo weenjini ezininzi zenqwelomoya udinga ixesha lokufaneleka kuloo klasi, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kuphela kwixesha elipheleleyo kwelinye iklasi. Umlinganiselo weeyure ezingama-50 yinxalenye yerekhodi yamava eenqwelo moya ebanzi, hayi enye indlela kwezinye iindidi zayo.

Abafaki-zicelo zeenjini ezininzi nabo banemfuneko yokufundisa abathwali beenqwelo moya abagxile kubo. Abafaki-zicelo abafuna isatifikethi se-ATP esinomgangatho weklasi yeenjini ezininzi zenqwelo moya, okanye umlinganiselo wohlobo lwenqwelo moya oluhambelanayo, kufuneka bafumane ubuncinane iiyure ezili-14 zokufundiswa ngemisebenzi yabathwali beenqwelo moya. Olu qeqesho lujongana nomxholo wokusebenza emva komgangatho. Aluthathi indawo yovavanyo olusebenzayo lwe-ATP okanye uvavanyo lolwazi olufunekayo.

Uvavanyo olusebenzayo lwe-FAA lunokuthathwa kwinqwelo-moya ekhaphukhaphu yepiston, kodwa ukulidlula lodwa akugunyazisi umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuba asebenzise yonke inqwelo-moya. Uvavanyo lohlobo luyadingeka ukuqhuba nayiphi na inqwelo-moya enkulu okanye eqhutywa yijethi. Isatifikethi, udidi, kunye novavanyo lohlobo olufanelekileyo lusebenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo: i-ATP imisela inqanaba lesatifikethi, iklasi ichonga amalungelo eenqwelo-moya, kwaye udidi lohlobo lufanelekela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya uhlobo oluthile lwenqwelo-moya.

Uvavanyo lolwazi lweenqwelo-moya kunye nolwazi

Isatifikethi se-ATP sivavanya ulwazi lweenqwelo-moya ngeemviwo ezahlukeneyo ezibhaliweyo nezisebenzayo. Lungiselela umlinganiselo ofunwayo, kuba uvavanyo lwenqwelo-moya olunenjini enye kunye novavanyo lweenjini ezininzi lwahlukile.

Ulwazi lwe-Aeronautical

Ulwazi lweenqwelo-moya kukuqonda izifundo zeenqwelo-moya ezifunekayo ukuze kusetyenziswe amalungelo e-ATP ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. I-FAA ichonga iindawo zolwazi ezifanelekileyo kwi-14 CFR § 61.155(c), okwenza ezo zifundo zibe sisakhelo sokulungiselela uvavanyo olubhaliweyo. Qhagamshela isihloko ngasinye kwizigqibo zokusebenza, ezinje ngokuvavanya ulwazi lwemozulu, ukulawula ukusebenza kweenqwelo-moya, kunye nokusebenzisa iinkqubo. Le ndlela yakha ulwazi lovavanyo kunye noxanduva lomsebenzi weenqwelo-moya.

Uvavanyo loLwazi lwe-ATP

Uvavanyo lolwazi lwe-ATP luvavanyo olubhaliweyo oluvavanya iindawo zolwazi lweenqwelo moya ezifanelekileyo kwisatifikethi esifunwayo. Uvavanyo lweenjini ezininzi zeenqwelo moya lunemibuzo eli-130 yokukhetha iimpendulo ezininzi, ngelixa uvavanyo lwenjini enye yeenqwelo moya lunama-95. Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bafumane ubuncinane ama-70%. Ukuchonga uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lovavanyo olucetywayo kubalulekile, kuba ukulungiselela udidi okanye iklasi engalunganga kunokushiya izikhewu kulwazi olufunekayo.

Kwisatifikethi se-ATP seenjini ezininzi zenqwelo moya, inkqubo yoqeqesho lwesatifikethi kufuneka ifike ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sovavanyo lolwazi. IKhowudi ye-Electronic yeMithetho yeSizwe ifuna abafaki-zicelo zesatifikethi se-ATP seenjini ezininzi zeenqwelo moya zase-US okanye umlinganiselo wohlobo lweenqwelo moya ezininzi ngaxeshanye ukuba bagqibezele inkqubo yoqeqesho lwesatifikethi se-ATP efunekayo ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sovavanyo lolwazi. Umfaki-sicelo kufuneka asebenzise ikhosi ukuchonga iindawo zolwazi ezibuthathaka, aze ahlole ezo zihloko ngokuchasene nemigangatho ye-FAA efanelekileyo. Amava okubhabha emkhosini okanye incwadi yelog ebonisa iiyure ezingama-500 ayithathi indawo yala manyathelo ovavanyo.

Uvavanyo olubhaliweyo nolusebenzayo lulinganisa izakhono ezahlukeneyo. Uvavanyo lolwazi luvavanya ukuqonda kweenqwelo moya, ngelixa uvavanyo olusebenzayo luvavanya ukusebenza kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza phantsi kwe-14 CFR § 61.157(e). Uvavanyo olusebenzayo lusebenza kudidi kunye novavanyo lweklasi olufunwayo. Ukulungiselela ke ngoko kufuneka kuquke zombini izifundo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nobuchule obuthile beenqwelo moya, kujongwa imigangatho efanelekileyo kwisatifikethi esicetywayo somfaki-sicelo.

Iindleko zoqeqesho lwe-ATP CTP, uvavanyo olubhaliweyo, kunye neendleko zokuhlola ziyahluka ngokweemeko. Iindleko zixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nefomathi yekhosi, ulawulo lovavanyo, iinqwelo-moya, kunye neendleko zomhloli.

Ngaphambi kovavanyo, cwangcisa izixhobo zokufunda ezijikeleze iindawo zolwazi ezifanelekileyo kunye novavanyo. Umzekelo, umfaki-sicelo weenjini ezininzi kufuneka alungiselele uvavanyo lwemibuzo eli-130 aze acwangcise ngokwahlukeneyo uvavanyo olusebenzayo. Ukuphatha inyathelo ngalinye njengemfuneko yesatifikethi eyahlukileyo kunceda abafaki-zicelo ukuba balawule inkqubo kwaye bachonge okuseleyo ngaphambi kokuba bafumane isatifikethi se-ATP.

Isikolo seenqwelomoya e-USA: Inkqubo yoMsebenzi weXabiso eliQinisekisiweyo

Inkqubo yoMsebenzi weFlight School USA eneeXabiso eziZinzileyo ibonelela ngendlela egxile kumsebenzi wabaqhubi beenqwelo moya abanomdla abaceba inkqubela phambili yoqeqesho lwabo. Ingalungela abafundi abadweba izatifikethi kunye novavanyo lweziganeko zokubhabha ngeenqwelo moya abafuna inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo yokuxhasa loo njongo.

Inyathelo lakho elilandelayo lixhomekeke kwizatifikethi zakho zangoku, amava okubhabha, kunye nendlela yokufaneleka. Ukuba usebenza ukufikelela kwiziqinisekiso ze-ATP, cinga ngendlela uqeqesho lokubhabha olugxile kumsebenzi oluhambelana ngayo namava afunekayo, uvavanyo, kunye novavanyo. Inkqubo ye-Airline Ready ye-Flight School USA ixhasa abafundi abalungiselela uhambo lokubhabha lwezorhwebo, kwaye uqeqesho lwayo lwe-GI Bill Flight lunceda amagqala afanelekileyo alandela uqeqesho lokubhabha.

Nxibelelana neFlight School USA ukuze nixoxe ngeNkqubo yoMsebenzi weXabiso eliZinzileyo kunye nendlela ehambelana ngayo neenjongo zakho zoqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelo moya.

Beka iSicwangciso sakho soMsebenzi we-ATP kwiNtshukumo

Guqula iinjongo zakho zesatifikethi zibe yisicwangciso soqeqesho esicacileyo. Beka imigqaliselo eseleyo ngokweziqinisekiso zakho zangoku, amava, kunye nendlela yomsebenzi ozimisele ukuwusebenza, uze ukhethe uqeqesho oluxhasa ezo zinto zibalulekileyo. Isicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo sidibanisa isigqibo ngasinye nendima yobungcali osebenzela kuyo.

I-Flight School USA inikezela ngeNkqubo yoMsebenzi eQinisekisiweyo, iNkqubo ye-CFI Fast Track, kunye noQeqesho lwe-GI Bill Flight. Cinga ukuba loluphi uqeqesho oluhambelana kakuhle nendlela yakho yokungena kwinqwelomoya kunye nenqanaba lakho langoku loqeqesho. Ukuqonda iimfuno zesatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya yindawo yokuqala enamandla; ukulungiselela okugxileyo kunye noqeqesho olunenjongo kunceda ukuhambisa olo lwazi kwizigqibo zakho zomsebenzi olandelayo.

Nxibelelana neFlight School USA namhlanje ukuze nixoxe ngeenjongo zenu zoqeqesho lokubhabha kunye nendlela enifuna ukuyilandela. Thabatha inyathelo elilandelayo ngokugxila, kwaye uqhubeke nokwakha ikamva lenu kwinqwelomoya yobungcali.

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho

Yintoni iSatifikethi se-ATP?

Isatifikethi se-Airline Transport Pilot sesona sigaba siphezulu sesatifikethi se-US pilot kwaye siyabafanelekela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya imisebenzi efuna amalungelo e-ATP. Sisatifikethi, nangona abantu ngamanye amaxesha besibiza ngokuba yilayisenisi ye-ATP. Isatifikethi sodwa asigunyazisi umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuba asebenzise zonke iinqwelo-moya: umqhubi wenqwelo-moya kufuneka abe nodidi olufanelekileyo, udidi, kunye novavanyo lohlobo. Umzekelo, ukubhabha inqwelo-moya enkulu okanye esebenzisa i-jet kufuna uvavanyo lohlobo olufanelekileyo.

Zithini iimfuno zeyure yokubhabha ukuze ufumane isatifikethi se-ATP?

Kwindlela eqhelekileyo yodidi lweenqwelo moya, abafaki-zicelo bafuna iiyure ezili-1,500 zokuqhuba kunye namava okufaneleka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuquka iiyure ezingama-500 zokuqhuba ilizwe, iiyure ezingama-250 njengomqhubi wenqwelo moya, iiyure ezili-100 zobusuku, kunye neeyure ezingama-75 zezixhobo. I-logbook iyodwa ayibonisi ukuba yonke imfuneko iyaneliswa na. Lungisa iingeniso ngokweendidi kwaye uqinisekise ukuba udidi lweenqwelo moya, imisebenzi yasebusuku, amava ezixhobo, kunye neenqwelo moya zokuqhuba ilizwe zibhalwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Yintoni i-R-ATP xa ithelekiswa neLayisensi ye-ATP?

I-R-ATP sisiqinisekiso se-Airline Transport Pilot esinamalungelo alinganiselweyo, asilolayisenisi eyahlukileyo. Abafaki-zicelo abafanelekileyo banokufanelekela iiyure ezimbalwa zokubhabha ngeendlela ezithile zomkhosi okanye zasekholejini. Lo mqathango uchaphazela imisebenzi evunyelweyo yomqhubi wenqwelo moya: umnini we-R-ATP angasebenza njengomqhubi wenqwelo moya oncedisayo ade ahlangabezane neemeko zobudala kunye namava ezifanelekileyo zamalungelo angenakuthintelwa. Isatifikethi sinomda "Othintelweyo ngokuhambelana ne-14 CFR 61.167."

Zingaphi iiyure zokuhamba ngenqwelo moya ezifunekayo ukuze ufumane isatifikethi se-ATP phantsi kweCandelo 61?

Kwindlela eqhelekileyo yodidi lwenqwelo moya, imfuneko iyonke yi-1,500 iiyure zokuqhuba, kunye namava afunekayo kwiindidi ezithile zokubhabha. Izixhobo zokufaneleka ze-FAA zigubungela abafaki-zicelo abasebenza phantsi kwe-14 CFR Part 61 okanye iCandelo 141. Umgaqo woqeqesho awuwenzi ukuba iindidi zamava zitshintshiselane: abafaki-zicelo kusafuneka babhale phantsi amava afunekayo okuhamba ngeenyawo, umqhubi okhokelayo, ubusuku, izixhobo, kunye nodidi lwenqwelo moya asebenza kwisatifikethi sabo kunye novavanyo lwabo.

Ziziphi iimfuneko zeeyure ze-ATP ezilinganiselweyo (R-ATP) kunye nemithetho yokufaneleka?

Ubuncinane beeyure ze-R-ATP buxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yokufaneleka komfaki-sicelo. Umntu ophumelele kwikholeji yeenqwelo moya yeminyaka emine unokufaneleka ngeeyure ezili-1,000, ngelixa umntu ophumelele kwikholeji yeenqwelo moya yeminyaka emibini unokufaneleka ngeeyure ezili-1,250, ngokutsho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration. Iindlela zomkhosi nazo zinokuvumela iiyure ezincitshisiweyo. Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bahlangabezane neemeko zemfundo, izifundo, uqeqesho, ubudala, kunye namava afanelekileyo; umda ophantsi awususi umda wokusebenza wesatifikethi.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo zolwazi olubhaliweyo kunye neemvavanyo ezisebenzayo ezifunekayo kwisatifikethi se-ATP?

Abafaki-zicelo kufuneka baphumelele uvavanyo lolwazi lwe-ATP olufanelekileyo kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo lwesatifikethi kunye novavanyo olufunwayo. Uvavanyo lolwazi lweenjini ezininzi zenqwelo moya lunemibuzo eli-130 yokukhetha iimpendulo ezininzi; uvavanyo lwenjini enye yenqwelo moya lunama-95. Amanqaku okupasa ubuncinci angama-70%. Uvavanyo olusebenzayo luvavanya iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza kudidi kunye nodidi olufunwayo, ngoko ke abafaki-zicelo kufuneka balungiselele uvavanyo oluthile endaweni yokuphatha naluphi na uvavanyo njengovavanyo lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo.

Yeyiphi ikhosi ye-ATP-CTP efunekayo ngaphambi kovavanyo lolwazi lwe-ATP lweenjini ezininzi?

Abafaki-zicelo abafuna isatifikethi se-ATP seenjini ezininzi zenqwelo moya, okanye umlinganiselo wohlobo lwenqwelo moya oluneenjini ezininzi ngaxeshanye, kufuneka bagqibe iNkqubo yoQeqesho lweSiqinisekiso se-ATP efunekayo ngaphambi kokuba bafake isicelo sovavanyo lolwazi, ngokweKhowudi ye-Electronic yeMigaqo yeSizwe. I-ATP-CTP ibandakanya iiyure ezingama-30 zokufundiswa emhlabeni kunye neeyure ezili-10 zexesha lokulinganisa. Ukugqiba kuyahlangabezana neemfuno zoqeqesho; abafaki-zicelo kufuneka basabhale uvavanyo lolwazi kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo.

Iiyure zomkhosi, zeenqwelo moya zasekholejini, kunye nezokubhabha kwamanye amazwe zibalwa njani kwiimfuno ze-ATP?

Imvelaphi yasemkhosini neyasekholejini inokubafanelekela abafaki-zicelo iindlela ezithintelweyo ezinobuncinci beeyure ezipheleleyo, ukuba nje bayahlangabezana neemeko ezifanelekileyo. Amava angaphandle kufuneka abhalwe phantsi: I-Flight School USA iyaliqonda ixesha lokubhabha elibhalwe yi-ICAO ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-FAA. Ilayisenisi yomqhubi wenqwelo moya yangaphandle enamalungelo ezixhobo ikwayindlela yokufaneleka ye-ATP. Gcina iirekhodi ezixhasa uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bamava akho, kuba ukufaneleka kuxhomekeke kwindlela ehlangabezana ngayo neendidi ezifanelekileyo.