Zvinodiwa zvechitupa chekufambisa ndege uye maawa ekubhururuka

Chitupa cheATP ndicho chepamusoro-soro chezvitupa zvemutyairi wendege muUnited States, uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvechitupa chemutyairi wendege zvinoreva zvinopfuura kungosvika pahuwandu hweawa yekubhururuka. Kune zvinodiwa zveruzivo rwechikwata chendege, Federal Aviation Administration inoda maawa chiuru nemazana mashanu enguva yemutyairi, pamwe chete neruzivo rwakatarwa munzvimbo dzakadai sekubhururuka munyika dzakasiyana uye nguva yemutyairi ari muutongi. Nzira dzeATP dzakaganhurirwa dzinogona kuva nezvinodiwa zveawa nezera zvakasiyana kune vanonyorera vanokodzera.

Muganho wenguva yekubhururuka inongova chikamu chimwe chete chezvinodiwa zvechitupa chekufambisa ndege, saka zvinonzwisisika kushamisika kuti ndeipi nzira inoshanda kwauri. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvinobvumirwa nechitupa cheATP, mitemo yakajairwa uye yakaganhurirwa yenguva yekubhururuka, uye zvitupa, mareti, kudzidziswa, uye bvunzo zvinodiwa nevanyoreri. Rinoratidzawo kuti zvinodiwa izvi zvinoenderana sei nekufambira mberi kwekufamba nendege kwehunyanzvi.

Chii chinonzi Chitupa cheATP (Airline Transport Pilot)?

Chitupa cheATP ndicho chikamu chepamusoro-soro cheUS pilot certificationInokodzera vatyairi vendege mabasa anoda kodzero dzeATP, kusanganisira kushanda semutungamiriri wendege yakarongwa pasi peChikamu 121. mutyairi wekufambisa ndege Zvinodiwa zvechitupa zvinofukidza nguva yekubhururuka yakawandisa kupfuura yakaunganidzwa: vanonyorera vanofanirwawo kusangana neruzivo, ruzivo, kudzidziswa, uye mwero wekuongororwa unoshanda. Kuva nechitupa kunoratidza chitupa, asi hazvivimbise basa kana kupa mvumo kumutyairi wendege kuti ashandise ndege dzese.

Vanyoreri vanofanirwa kupedzisa matanho akakodzera echitupa chechikamu chavo, kirasi, uye chiyero. Zvinodiwa zvechitupa chemutyairi wendege zvinosanganisira kupasa bvunzo yeruzivo inoshanda uye kuratidza hunyanzvi pabvunzo inoshanda. Chinyorwa cheruzivo chinofanirawo kusangana nezvikamu zveawa yekubhururuka zvinoshanda. Semuenzaniso, vanyoreri vechikamu chendege vakajairwa vanoda maawa makumi mashanu mukirasi yendege yechiyero chinotsvakwa. Ruzivo irworwo rwekirasi chimwe chikamu chechinyorwa chakakura chezvemuchadenga.

Kune vanonyorera vanoda chitupa cheATP chendege ine injini dzakawanda, chirongwa chekudzidzisa cheATP Certification, kana kuti ATP CTP, chinodiwa. Pasi peElectronic Code of Federal Regulations, vanonyorera chitupa cheATP chendege ine injini dzakawanda kana kuti chiyero chendege ine injini dzakawanda panguva imwe chete vanofanira kupedzisa ATP CTP vasati vanyorera bvunzo yeruzivo. Tevedzera zvinotevera: pedzisa kudzidziswa, wobva wanyorera bvunzo. Kudzidziswa uku kunounza pfungwa dzekushanda kwendege vasati vanyorera varatidza ruzivo rwavo.

ATP CTP inosanganisa ruzivo rwekudzidza mukirasi uye ruzivo rwemuchina wekudzidzisa. Kosi iyi inosanganisira maawa makumi matatu ekudzidziswa kwepasi pechikoro uye maawa gumi enguva yemuchina wekudzidzisa. Vadzidzi vayo vanogadzirira vanonyorera mabasa apo mitemo inoda ATP, kusanganisira zvinodiwa pakusarudza ndege dzemuchadenga. Makosi mazhinji eATP CTP anotora mazuva mashanu. Kupedza kunozadzisa zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa, asi hazvitsivi bvunzo yeruzivo, bvunzo inoshanda, kana mimwe mitemo yekukodzera. Chinodiwa chimwe nechimwe chine basa rakasiyana mukupihwa chitupa.

Chitupa cheATP chinounzawo mabasa ehunyanzvi kunze kwekupasa bvunzo. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kushandisa maitiro, kutarisira basa, kutaurirana nevashandi, uye kuita sarudzo dzakanaka panguva yese yekubhururuka. Vatyairi veATP vanodzidziswa kakawanda, kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi, uye kuongororwa kwemuchina kuti vachengetedze mari. Ongororo idzi dzinoongorora mashandiro munzvimbo dzekushanda, kwete ruzivo rwunoratidzwa panguva yekutanga chitupa. ATP inyanzvi yepamusoro, nepo kudzidziswa kuri kuenderera mberi nekuongororwa kunobatsira kuchengetedza kugadzirira mabasa akapihwa.

Zvinodiwa zveATP panguva yekubhururuka

Kukodzera kweATP kunoenderana nezera, nguva yese yekubhururuka, uye ruzivo muzvikamu zvakati. Kune vanonyorera ndege, nzira yakajairika inoisa zvishoma zvakasiyana zvenguva yekuyambuka nyika, mutyairi wendege, husiku, uye nguva yezviridzwa.

Zvinodiwa zvezera risingasvikiki uye nguva yekubhururuka

Nzira yakajairika yeruzivo rweATP inoda kuti vanonyorera vasvike pazera risingapfuure uye chiyero chakadzama chemaawa ekubhururuka. Sekureva kweFederal Aviation Administration, vanonyorera vanoshandisa zvinodiwa zveruzivo rwendege, rotorcraft, kana powered-lift vanofanirwa kunge vaine makore makumi maviri nematatu ekuberekwa. Kune US aircraft-category ATP, Federal Aviation Administration inogadza maawa chiuru nemazana mashanu enguva yekutyaira. Izvi zvinokosha nekuti nguva yese yega haigone kuratidza kukodzera; chikamu chega chega cheruzivo chinodiwa chinofanirawo kuzadzikiswa.

Zvinodiwa Pakufamba Nendege Munyika Yose

Nguva yekuyambuka nyika (cross-country time) inguva yekubhururuka pakati penhandare dzendege iyo inoverengwa kusvika padanho reATP rakasiyana. Sekureva kweFederal Aviation Administration, vanonyorera vanofanirwa kuita zvinodiwa neATP panguva yekubhururuka vanofanira kunge vaine maawa mazana mashanu enguva yekuyambuka nyika. Ruzivo rwakajairika runodawo maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu semutyairi wendege, uye maawa angangoita zana enguva yekuyambuka nyika mukati menguva inodiwa yemutyairi wendege kana kuti yechipiri muhutungamiriri anotarisirwa. Tevedzera mapoka aya zvakasiyana mubhuku rako renhoroondo, nekuti ndege imwe chete inogona kukodzera mapoka anopfuura rimwe chete kana ikasangana nezvinodiwa zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe.

Kuderedzwa Kwenguva Yendege

Nzira dzeATP dzakaganhurirwa dzinogona kuderedza chiyero chemaawa ese kune vanonyorera basa remauto nevendege kukoreji vanokodzera. Munhu akapedza kudzidza kukoreji yendege yemakore mana anogona kukodzera nemaawa chiuru, sekureva kweFederal Aviation Administration; munhu akapedza kudzidza kukoreji yendege yemakore maviri anogona kukodzera nemaawa chiuru nemazana maviri nemakumi mashanu. Vatyairi vendege vemauto vanogona kukodzera ATP yakaganhurirwa ine maawa mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu. Idzi dzimwe nzira dzine mamiriro chaiwo ekukodzera, saka ruzivo rwekudzidziswa uye nzira inoshanda zvinosarudza chiyero chipi chinoshanda.

Ruzivo rwekufamba nendege runosanganisira nguva inopfuura nguva yose uye yekuyambuka nyika. Runosanganisirawo maawa zana ehusiku uye maawa makumi manomwe nemashanu enguva yemidziyo. Vanyoreri vangangoda kusangana nechikamu chekubhururuka husiku mukati mezvinodiwa zvechiitiko. Kufamba nendege husiku uye kumisa ndege zvachose kunogona kutsiva nguva yekubhururuka husiku, zvichienderana nemuganhu unoshanda. Kunyora chikamu chimwe nechimwe nemazvo kunobatsira kuratidza mipata isati yasvika nguva yekunyorera.

Chikwereti chemutyairi wendege chine muganho wakatsanangurwa mukuverengwa kweruzivo rwechikwata chendege. Hapana maawa anopfuura zana anogona kubva kumutambo wemutyairi wendege unokodzera kana mudziyo wekudzidzira ndege. Muganho iwoyo unoreva kuti ruzivo rwemutyairi wendege runogona kubatsira, asi harugone kutsiva ruzivo rwekubhururuka runodiwa pasina muganho. Ongorora gwaro rega rega rakanyoreswa kuti uone chikamu charo uye mamiriro emudziyo wekudzidzira, wobva waenzanisa huwandu hwese nenzira yaunoda kushandisa.

Kuzadzisa maawa ekufamba nendege chikamu chimwe chete chekuratidza hunyanzvi hwekubhururuka. Vanyoreri veATP vanofanirwa kupasa bvunzo inoshanda inosanganisira nzvimbo dzinoshanda pasi pe14 CFR § 61.157(e). Bvunzo iyi inoongorora mashandiro echikamu nekirasi inotsvakwa, ukuwo zvinyorwa zvenguva yekubhururuka zvichiratidza ruzivo rwekare. Saka hurongwa hwekugadzirira hunofanira kutarisa kubata ndege neruzivo rwekushanda rwunodiwa, kwete maawa asara mubhuku renhoroondo chete.

A hurongwa hwakarongeka hwekudzidzira kubhururuka zvinogona kukubatsira kuvaka nekunyora ruzivo muzvikamu zvinodiwa.

Kukodzera kweATP kwakaganhurirwa

Kukodzera kweFAA kunoenderana nenzira yechitupa, zera, ruzivo rwekubhururuka, uye zvitupa zvinotsigira. ATP yakaganhurirwa, kana kuti R-ATP, inobvumira vatyairi vendege vanokodzera kushanda vane kodzero dzakaganhurirwa vasati vasangana nezvinodiwa zveATP.

Kuti vakwanise kuwana ATP yakajairika, vanonyorera vanofanirwa kusangana nezera ravo uye ruzivo rwemuchadenga, kuve nemagwaro ekutyaira anodiwa, uye kupasa ruzivo uye bvunzo dzinoshanda. Vanyoreri vane zvigaro zvendege dzakaganhurirwa vanokodzera vanogona kukodzera nemaawa mashoma ekubhururuka, asi chitupa chavo chinoganhurira kodzero dzemutyairi wendege.

Zera uye zvinodiwa pakurapwa zvinoenderana neropafadzo dzinotsvakwa: nzira yeruzivo yakajairwa inoda makore makumi maviri nematatu, nepo vanhu vanonyorera muchikwata chendege vakaganhurirwa vanogona kunyorera pazera remakore makumi maviri nerimwe. Chitupa chekurapa chekirasi yekutanga chinodiwa kuti ushande semutyairi wendege, uye chitupa chekurapa chekirasi yechipiri chinodiwa kuti ushande semutungamiriri wechipiri; vanonyorera vanodawo kugona kutaurirana neChirungu pakushanda kwendege.

Federal Aviation Administration inoti munhu akapedza kudzidza kukoreji yendege yemakore mana anogona kukodzera kuwana R-ATP nemaawa chiuru. Munhu akapedza kudzidza kukoreji yendege yemakore maviri anogona kukodzera nemaawa chiuru nemazana maviri nemakumi mashanu, sekureva kweFederal Aviation Administration. Mitemo iyi inowanikwa chete kana munhu anenge achinyorera achizadzisa zvinodiwa padzidzo, kosi, uye kudzidziswa.

Kukwanisa dhigirii kwakabatana nezvidzidzo zvekubhururuka, kwete kungova nedhipuroma chete. Dhigirii reBachelor rekubhururuka rinoda maawa makumi matanhatu echikwereti chedzidzo yekubhururuka uye ine chekuita nendege; dhigirii reAssociate rinoda maawa makumi matatu echikwereti chedzidzo yekubhururuka. Vadzidzi veBachelor vane makiredhiti anosvika makumi matatu asi ari pasi pemakumi matanhatu vanogona kukodzera maawa ese ekubhururuka e1,250, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekudzidziswa akakodzera.

Kudzidziswa kwechiuto kunopa imwe nzira yakaganhurirwa. Vatyairi vendege vechiuto vanogona kukodzera nemaawa mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu, uye vanonyorera vakadzidziswa muchiuto vanogona kushandisa chinodiwa chemaawa mazana maviri chekufamba nenyika pasi pemitemo yeR-ATP inoshanda. Muganho uyu unowanzo ganhurira kugona kwemuridzi wechikwata kushanda semutyairi wendege mumabasa akatarwa kusvika zera neruzivo zvinodiwa zvazadzikiswa. Chitupa ichi chine muganho wekuti "Chakaganhurirwa zvinoenderana ne14 CFR 61.167."

Kune vanonyorera ndege dzine injini dzakawanda, R-ATP hairegi zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa, bvunzo, kana kuongororwa. Vanonyorera vanofanirwa kukodzera kuburikidza nenzira yakatenderwa uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zveruzivo rwechikamu chendege uye kuongororwa kunotsvakwa. Rezinesi rekutyaira ndege yekunze rine kodzero dzekushandisa chinhu chimwe chete isarudzo yekukodzera.

Maitiro ekunyorera anotevera nzira yakatsanangurwa: sarudza nzira yakatarwa kana yakaganhurirwa; unganidza zvitupa zvemutyairi wendege, marekodhi endege, uye magwaro edzidzo; zadza kudzidziswa kunodiwa; tumira Chitupa cheAirman uye/kana Chikumbiro cheRating, Fomu 8710-1; wobva wapasa ruzivo rwunoshanda uye bvunzo dzinoshanda. Kutevedzana kwacho kunokosha nekuti zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa uye humbowo hwekukodzera hunofanirwa kunge huripo usati wasarudza chitupa.

Zvitupa zvemutyairi zvinodikanwa uye mareti anodiwa

Chikumbiro cheATP chinobva pazvikwaniriso zvemutyairi wendege zvekare: chitupa chemutyairi wendege wekutengesa uye chiyero chezvishandiso. Zvitupa izvi zvinosimbisa hwaro hwekubhururuka kwehunyanzvi, nepo ATP ichiratidza kukodzera mabasa emutyairi wendege wepamusoro. Dhigirii harigone kutsiva chero chitupa chipi zvacho. Vanyoreri vanofanirwawo kusangana neruzivo uye zvinodiwa zvekuyedzwa zvechikamu, kirasi, uye chiyero chinotsvakwa.

Chitupa chemutyairi wendege yekutengeserana uye chiyero chemidziyo chinoshanda zvakasiyana. Chitupa chekutengeserana chinobvumira mutyairi wendege kubhadharwa nekuda kwekubhururuka, ukuwo chitupa cheATP chichidiwa pamabasa emutyairi wendege nemamwe mabasa. Chitupa chemidziyo chinopa kodzero dzemidziyo. Izvi zvinoumba hwaro hwekushandisa ATP, asi hazvitsivi kudzidziswa kwakanangana neATP, ruzivo rwekubhururuka, kana bvunzo.

Chikamu nekirasi zvinosarudza kuti ndedzipi kodzero dzendege neruzivo zvinoshanda. Chiyero cheATP chinotsvakwa chinofanira kuenderana nechikamu chendege nekirasi yemunyoreri. Kune vanonyorera ndege, kirasi yacho inogona kunge iri yeinjini imwe chete kana kuti ine injini dzakawanda; nzira yeinjini dzakawanda ine zvimwe zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa. Tarisa kuti zvitupa nemazinga ari muzvinyorwa zvako zvemutyairi zvinoenderana nekushandisa kweATP, sezvo ruzivo mune imwe kirasi dzingasasangana nemiganhu yakatarwa nekirasi.

• Chitupa chekutyaira ndege chebhizinesi: Chitupa chekutanga chevatyairi vendege vanoda kuwana mari yekubhururuka.
• Kuyera zviridzwa: Chiyero chinodiwa chinoenderana nechitupa chekutyaira chekutengesa chevanonyorera ATP.
• Chikamu cheATP uye chiyero chekirasi: Rubatsiro rwechitupa rwunotsvagwa runofanira kuenderana nechikamu chendege chakakodzera uye kirasi yacho.
• Chiyero chemhando yendege: Chitupa chakasiyana chinodiwa kuti utyaire chero ndege hombe kana kuti inofambiswa nejeti.

Ruzivo rwekirasi rwunokosha. Vanyoreri vanotevedzera zvinodiwa neATP panguva yekubhururuka vanofanira kunge vaine maawa makumi mashanu mukirasi yendege kuti vakwanise kuyera ndege. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutyairi wendege anofanirwa kunge aine injini dzakawanda anoda nguva yekuyedza mukirasi iyoyo, pane kungovimba chete nenguva yese mukirasi imwe chete. Muganho wemaawa makumi mashanu chikamu cheruzivo rwakakura rwemundege, kwete imwe nzira yekuwedzera kune mamwe mapoka ayo.

Vanyoreri vemainjini akawanda vanewo zvinodiwa zvekudzidzisa vanhu vanofambisa ndege. Vanyoreri vari kutsvaga chitupa cheATP chine chiyero chemhando yeinjini dzakawanda dzendege, kana chiyero chemhando yendege ine injini dzakawanda panguva imwe chete, vanofanirwa kuwana maawa gumi nemana ekudzidziswa nezvekushanda kwevanotakura ndege. Kudzidziswa uku kunotarisa mamiriro ekushanda ari shure kwechiyero. Hakutsivi bvunzo yeATP inoshanda kana bvunzo yeruzivo inodiwa.

Bvunzo yeFAA inogona kutorwa mundege ine piston diki, asi kupasa kwayo chete hakubvumidzi mutyairi wendege kuti ashandise ndege yega yega. Chiyero chemhando chinodiwa kuti utyaire chero ndege hombe kana kuti ine simba rejeti. Chitupa, chiyero chekirasi, uye chiyero chemhando chinoshanda mabasa akasiyana: ATP inogadza chiyero chetifiketi, kirasi inoratidza kodzero dzendege, uye chiyero chemhando chinokodzera mutyairi wendege yerudzi rwakati.

Kuedza ruzivo rwemuchadenga neruzivo

Chitupa cheATP chinoedza ruzivo rwemuchadenga kuburikidza nebvunzo dzakasiyana dzakanyorwa uye dzinoshanda. Gadzirira kuyera kunotsvakwa, nekuti bvunzo dzendege dzine injini imwe chete nedzeinjini dzakawanda dzakasiyana.

Ruzivo rweAeronautical

Ruzivo rwendege kunzwisisa vanhu vanofamba nendege vanodiwa kuti vashandise kodzero dzeATP zvakachengeteka uye zvine hunyanzvi. FAA inoratidza nzvimbo dzeruzivo dzinoshanda mu14 CFR § 61.155(c), zvichiita kuti vanhu ivavo vave hwaro hwekugadzirira bvunzo dzakanyorwa. Batanidza musoro wega wega nezvisarudzo zvekushanda, zvakaita sekuongorora ruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze, kutarisira mashandiro endege, uye kushandisa maitiro. Nzira iyi inovaka ruzivo rwekuongorora uye mabasa ebasa rendege.

Bvunzo reRuzivo rweATP

Bvunzo reruzivo rweATP ibvunzo yakanyorwa inoongorora nzvimbo dzeruzivo rwendege dzinoshandiswa pakutsvaga chitupa. Bvunzo rendege rine mainjini akawanda rine mibvunzo zana nemakumi matatu ine mhinduro dzakasiyana, nepo bvunzo yendege ine injini imwe chete ine mibvunzo makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu. Vanyoreri vanofanirwa kuwana mamakisi angangoita makumi manomwe muzana (70%). Kuziva bvunzo chaiyo yerating yakatarwa kwakakosha, nekuti kugadzirira chikamu chisina kunaka kana kirasi kunogona kusiya mipata muruzivo rwunodiwa.

Kuti uwane chitupa cheATP chendege ine injini dzakawanda, chirongwa chekudzidzisa chitupa chinofanira kutanga chaitwa usati wanyorera bvunzo yeruzivo. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations inoda kuti vanonyorera chitupa cheATP chendege ine injini dzakawanda kana kuti chikwata chendege chine injini dzakawanda panguva imwe chete vapedzise chirongwa chekudzidzisa chitupa cheATP chinodiwa vasati vanyorera bvunzo yeruzivo. Munhu anonyorera anofanira kushandisa kosi iyi kuona nzvimbo dzisina ruzivo rwakawanda, ozoongorora nyaya idzodzo zvichienderana neFAA standards dzinoshanda. Ruzivo rwekubhururuka muchiuto kana bhuku rekuongorora rinoratidza maawa mazana mashanu hazvitsivi matanho aya ebvunzo.

Miedzo yakanyorwa uye inoshanda inoyera hunyanzvi hwakasiyana. Bvunzo yeruzivo inoongorora kunzwisisa kwendege, ukuwo bvunzo inoshanda ichiongorora mashandiro munzvimbo dzinoshanda pasi pe14 CFR § 61.157(e). Bvunzo inoshanda inoshanda kune chikamu uye chiyero chekirasi chinotsvakwa. Saka kugadzirira kunofanira kusanganisira kudzidza kwakarongwa uye hunyanzvi hwendege, tichitarisa zviyero zvine chekuita nechitupa chaunoda.

Mari yekudzidziswa kweATP CTP, bvunzo yakanyorwa, uye mari yekutarisa mafambiro endege inosiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Mari dzinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita semafomati ekosi, manejimendi ebvunzo, ndege, uye mari yemuongorori.

Usati waedza, ronga zvinhu zvekudzidza zvinoenderana nenzvimbo dzeruzivo dzinoshanda uye kuongororwa. Semuenzaniso, munhu anokumbira injini dzakawanda anofanira kugadzirira bvunzo yemibvunzo 130 uye kuronga zvakasiyana bvunzo dzekushanda. Kubata danho rega rega sechinodiwa chakasiyana chechitupa kunobatsira vanonyorera kutarisira maitiro uye kuona zvasara vasati vawana chitupa cheATP.

Chikoro cheNdege USA: Chirongwa Chebasa Chemitengo Yakagadzika

Chirongwa chebasa cheFlight School USA cheMitengo Yakaganhurirwa chinopa nzira yakatarisana nebasa kune vanoda kutyaira ndege vane hunyanzvi vanoronga kufambira mberi kwavo mukudzidziswa. Chinogona kukodzera vadzidzi vachironga zvitupa uye nhanho dzekuongorora kubhururuka kwendege vanoda chirongwa chakarongeka chekutsigira chinangwa ichocho.

Danho rako rinotevera rinoenderana nezvitupa zvako zvazvino, ruzivo rwako rwekubhururuka, uye nzira yekukodzera. Kana uri kushanda kuti uwane zvitupa zveATP, funga kuti kudzidziswa kwekubhururuka kwakatarisana nebasa rako kunoenderana sei neruzivo rwunodiwa, bvunzo, uye mareti. Flight School USA's Airline Ready Program inotsigira vadzidzi vanogadzirira ndege dzebhizinesi, uye GI Bill Flight Training yayo inoshandira varwi vanokodzera vari kudzidzira kubhururuka.

Bata Flight School USA kuti mukurukure nezveFixed-Price Career Program uye kuti inoenderana sei nezvinangwa zvako zvekudzidzira mutyairi wendege.

Isa Chirongwa Chako Chebasa reATP Pakufamba

Shandura zvinangwa zvako zvechitupa kuita hurongwa hwakajeka hwekudzidziswa. Isa matanho asara zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwako hwazvino, ruzivo rwako, uye nzira yebasa yaunoda, wobva wasarudza kudzidziswa kunotsigira izvo zvakakosha. Hurongwa hwakarongwa hunobatanidza sarudzo yega yega nebasa rauri kushanda naro.

Flight School USA inopa Chirongwa Chebasa Chine Mutengo Wakatarwa, Chirongwa Chekukurumidza cheCFI, uye GI Bill Flight Training. Funga kuti ndechipi chinopa nzira yakanakisisa yekuenda kundege uye nhanho yako yekudzidziswa pari zvino. Kunzwisisa zvinodiwa zvechitupa chekufambisa ndege inzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga; kugadzirira kwakanangana uye kudzidziswa kwakanangana kunobatsira kutakura ruzivo irworwo muzvisarudzo zvako zvinotevera zvebasa.

Bata Flight School USA nhasi kuti mukurukure zvinangwa zvenyu zvekudzidzira kubhururuka uye nzira yaunoda kutevera. Tora danho rinotevera uine chinangwa, uye ramba uchivaka ramangwana rako mukufambisa ndege kwehunyanzvi.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Chii chinonzi ATP Chitupa?

Chitupa cheAirline Transport Pilot ndicho chepamusoro-soro chechitupa chemutyairi wendege chekuUS uye chinokodzera vatyairi vendege mabasa anoda kodzero dzeATP. Ichi chitupa, kunyangwe vanhu dzimwe nguva vachichidana kuti rezinesi reATP. Chitupa chega hachibvumidze mutyairi wendege kuti ashandise ndege yega yega: mutyairi wendege anofanirawo kuva nechikamu, kirasi, uye mhando dzakakodzera. Semuenzaniso, kubhururuka nendege hombe kana ine simba rejeti kunoda chiyero chemhando chakakodzera.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa panguva yekubhururuka kuti uwane chitupa cheATP?

Kune nzira yendege yakajairika, vanonyorera vanoda maawa ekutyaira ndege chiuru nemazana mashanu (1,500) uye ruzivo rwekufanirwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira maawa ekutyaira ndege mazana mashanu (500) kuburikidza nenyika, maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu (250) semutyairi wendege, maawa zana ehusiku, uye maawa makumi manomwe nemashanu ekushandisa. Huwandu hwese hwebhuku renhoroondo yendege hahuratidzi kana zvinodiwa zvese zvazadzikiswa. Ronga zvinyorwa nezvikamu uye iva nechokwadi chekuti kirasi yendege, mashandiro ehusiku, ruzivo rwekushandisa, uye ndege dzekufamba nendege munyika zvakanyorwa nemazvo.

Chii chinonzi R-ATP kana tichienzanisa neATP License?

Chitupa cheR-ATP cheAirline Transport Pilot chine mvumo dzakaganhurirwa, kwete rezinesi rakasiyana. Vanyoreri vanokodzera vanogona kukodzera nemaawa mashoma ekubhururuka kuburikidza nenzira dzakatarwa dzemauto kana dzekoreji. Muganho uyu unokanganisa mabasa anotenderwa nemutyairi wendege: muridzi weR-ATP anogona kushanda semutyairi wendege mubatanidzwa kusvika asvika zera uye mamiriro eruzivo akakodzera emvumo dzisina muganho. Chitupa ichi chine muganho "Wakaganhurirwa zvichienderana ne14 CFR 61.167."

Mangani maawa ekubhururuka anodiwa kuti uwane chitupa cheATP pasi peChikamu 61?

Panzira yendege, chinodiwa chose i1,500 pilot awards, pamwe chete neruzivo rwunodiwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekubhururuka. Zvinhu zveFAA qualification zvinofukidza vanonyorera vanoshanda pasi pe14 CFR Part 61 kana Chikamu 141. Mutemo wekudzidziswa hauiti kuti zvikamu zvezviitiko zvichinjane: vanonyorera vachiri kuda kunyora ruzivo rwunodiwa rwekufamba nenyika, mutyairi wendege, husiku, zvishandiso, uye kirasi yendege zvinoenderana nechitupa chavo nerating.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zveawa reATP (R-ATP) rakaganhurirwa uye mitemo yekukodzera?

Mari shoma yeR-ATP awa inoenderana nekwaanowana munhu anenge achinyorera basa. Munhu anenge apedza kudzidza kukoreji yendege yemakore mana anogona kuwana maawa chiuru, nepo munhu anenge apedza kudzidza kukoreji yendege yemakore maviri anogona kuwana maawa chiuru nemazana maviri nemakumi mashanu, sekureva kweFederal Aviation Administration. Nzira dzemauto dzinogonawo kubvumidza maawa akaderedzwa. Vanhu vanofanirwa kuzadzisa dzidzo, kosi, kudzidziswa, zera, uye ruzivo rwakakodzera; chiyero chidiki hachibvisi muganho wekushanda kwechitupa.

Ndedzipi bvunzo dzeruzivo rwakanyorwa uye bvunzo dzinoshanda dzinodiwa kuti uwane chitupa cheATP?

Vanyoreri vanofanirwa kupasa bvunzo yeruzivo rweATP inoshanda uye bvunzo inoshanda yechitupa nerating inotsvakwa. Bvunzo yeruzivo rwemainjini akawanda endege ine mibvunzo zana nemakumi matatu ine mhinduro dzakasiyana; bvunzo yeinjini imwe chete yendege ine mibvunzo makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu. Chibodzwa chekupasa chinenge 70%. Bvunzo yekushanda inoshanda inoongorora nzvimbo dzinoshanda dzechikamu nekirasi inotsvakwa, saka vanyoreri vanofanira kugadzirira rating chaiyo pane kubata bvunzo imwe neimwe sebvunzo yemutyairi.

Ndeipi kosi yeATP-CTP inodiwa usati watanga bvunzo yeruzivo rweATP multiengine?

Vanyoreri vari kutsvaga chitupa cheATP chemhando yeinjini dzakawanda mundege, kana kuti chiyero chemhando yeinjini dzakawanda panguva imwe chete, vanofanirwa kupedzisa Chirongwa cheKudzidziswa cheATP Certification vasati vanyorera bvunzo yeruzivo, zvichienderana neElectronic Code of Federal Regulations. ATP-CTP inosanganisira maawa makumi matatu ekudzidziswa pasi uye maawa gumi enguva yekurovedza muviri. Kupedza kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzidziswa; vanyoreri vanofanira kuramba vachiita bvunzo yeruzivo uye bvunzo inoshanda.

Maawa ekufamba nendege, ehondo, uye endege dzekunze kwenyika anoenderana sei nezvinodiwa neATP?

Vadzidzi vekumauto nevekukoreji vanogona kukodzera vanonyorera nzira dzakaganhurirwa dzine huwandu hwakaderera hwemaawa ese, chero bedzi vachizadzisa zvinodiwa. Ruzivo rwekune dzimwe nyika runofanira kunyorwa: Flight School USA inobvuma nguva yekubhururuka yakanyorwa neICAO nekusimbiswa kweFAA. Rezinesi rekutyaira ndege yekunze rine kodzero dzekushandisa chinhu chimwe chete isarudzo yekukodzera yeATP. Chengeta zvinyorwa zvinotsigira rudzi nehuwandu hweruzivo rwako, sezvo kukodzera kunoenderana nekuti zvinosangana sei nezvikamu zvinoshanda.