Zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kwekubhururuka husiku pasi pemitemo yeFAA

Zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kubhururuka husiku zvinosvika panhamba ina uye imwe chete inotsigirwa. Munhu anokumbira ndege yendege ine injini imwe chete anoda kudzidziswa husiku kwemaawa matatu, kusanganisira kufamba rwendo rwemakiromita anopfuura zana egungwa uye kufamba rwendo rwemakiromita gumi. Munhu anokumbira kudzidzira kubhururuka anoda maawa mashanu eVFR husiku nekufamba rwendo rwemakiromita gumi uye kufamba rwendo rwekubhururuka panhandare yendege ine denga refu, pamwe nekufamba rwendo rwemaawa maviri husiku. Mudzidzi anoda rutsigiro rwemudzidzisi wechangobva kubuda asati afamba ari ega husiku. Hapana "kuongorora kwehusiku" kwakasiyana kuripo. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvinodiwa zvese nenzira yauchazadzisa.

TL; DR

• Hakuna kuyera kwehusiku kwakazvimirira muUnited States. Maropafadzo ehusiku anouya nechitupa chako kana kudzidziswa kwehusiku kwanyorwa uye kwabvumidzwa.
• Mutyairi wendege wega (ndege, ine injini imwe chete): Kudzidziswa kwemaawa matatu husiku, kusanganisira imwe ndege inofamba nenyika imwe chete yemakiromita anopfuura 100 egungwa uye ndege gumi dzinofamba dzichimira nekumhara dzine traffic-pattern.
• Ndege yemutyairi wendege (injini imwe chete): VFR yemaawa mashanu ehusiku ine kusimuka nekumhara kagumi panhandare yendege yakareba, pamwe nerwendo rwemaawa maviri rwekufamba nenyika rwemakiromita anopfuura zana egungwa.
• Tsanangudzo mbiri dzakasiyana dzeshoko rekuti "husiku" dzinoshanda: imwe yekunyora matanda nemwenje, imwe yekutakura vafambi nemari. Ziva kuti ndege yako iri pasi peipi.

Zviri Mukati

• Chii chinoonekwa sehusiku kune FAA
• Unoda here kuratidzwa kana kutsigirwa nehusiku?
• Kudzidzira husiku usati watanga uri wega husiku
• Zvinodiwa zvehusiku hwemutyairi wendege wega
• Zvinodiwa zvehusiku hwemutyairi wendege dzebhizinesi
• Mari yehusiku mushure mekunge wabvumidza
• Kunyora nguva yehusiku nemazvo
• Mitemo yekushanda kweVFR yehusiku yauchadzidzira nayo
• Chirongwa nhanho nhanho chekudzidzira kwako husiku
• Maonero edu pakudzidziswa kwehusiku
• Kudzidziswa paFlorida Flyers Flight Academy
• FAQ
• Sources

Chii chinoonekwa sehusiku kune FAA

Chinhu chekutanga chinovhiringidza ndechekuti mitemo inoshandisa tsananguro dzinopfuura imwe chete. Pasi pe14 CFR § 1.1, husiku inguva iri pakati pekupera kwemanheru echipiri nekutanga kwemangwanani echipiri, sezvakaburitswa muAir Almanac uye zvakashandurwa kuita nguva yemuno. Bhuku rekushandisa FAA pakubhururuka nendege inotsanangura kuti izvi zvakasiyana nehwindo rinoshandiswa pakumhara husiku mu § 61.57(b), iro rinotanga kubva paawa imwe chete mushure mekunyura kwezuva kusvika awa imwe chete zuva risati rabuda.

Mukuita, izvi zvinogadzira maawa matatu:

Kumhara kwakaitwa maminitsi makumi mana mushure mekunyura kwezuva muguta iro zuva rava kupera kunogona kunyorwa sehusiku, asi hazvizoverengerwi pamari yako yekufambisa. Ronga ndege dzako dzekudzidzira, uye gare gare ndege dzako dzemari, zvichienderana nehwindo rakaoma kuitira kuti pasave nekumhara kunorasika. gwara remari yehusiku inofukidza divi iroro zvakadzama.

Unoda here kuratidzwa kana kutsigirwa nehusiku?

Kwete. Mutyairi wendege muUnited States haadi chiyero chakasiyana kuti abhururutse VFR husiku; kodzero dzehusiku dzakavakirwa pazvinodiwa zvechitupa. Kudzidziswa kunosanganisira kubhururutsa husiku ingori chikamu chekuwana chitupa.

Pane musiyano mumwe chete wakamanikana. 14 CFR § 61.110, munhu anodzidzira uye anogara muAlaska anogona kugamuchira chitupa chakaganhurirwa pakutaura kuti "Kubhururuka husiku kunorambidzwa." Muganho iwoyo unogona kubviswa mushure mekudzidziswa kwehusiku kunodiwa uye kutsigirwa nemurairidzi.

Zvimwe zvikoro zvendege zvinotengesa kosi ye "night rating", uye night block yakarongeka inzira yakanaka yekuvaka hunyanzvi. Itore sekudzidziswa, kwete sechinodiwa chepamutemo chaunofanira kutenga usati wabhururuka kwasviba.

Kudzidzira husiku usati watanga uri wega husiku

Vadzidzi vanotyaira ndege vanotarisana nemutemo wekutanga wehusiku nguva refu vasati vaenda kunoongorora. Chikamu 61 Chikamu C, mudzidzi anoda kubhururuka ari ega husiku anofanira kunge aine:

1. Kudzidzira husiku pakusimuka, kusvika, kumhara, uye kufamba-famba panhandare yendege uko kuchaitirwa munhu wega.
2. Kudzidziswa kwekufamba netsoka husiku munharaunda yemunharaunda.
3. Rutsigiro rwebhuku renhoroondo kubva kumudzidzisi wemhando yendege uye modhi yayo, ine musi mukati memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe apfuura.

Nguva yekushanda wega yemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe inokosha. Kana zvirongwa zvako zveusiku wega zvikasashanda zvakanaka, rutsigiro runopera uye unoda rumwe ruzivo kubva kumudzidzisi wako. Ongororo yekutsigirwa nemunhu wega inonyora zvese zvinotsigirwa nemudzidzi uye nguva yaanoda chimwe nechimwe.

Zvinodiwa zvehusiku hwemutyairi wendege wega

Kuti uwane chitupa chemutyairi wendege wega chine mhando yendege uye chiyero cheinjini imwe chete, 14 CFR § 61.109 kunoda maawa matatu ekudzidzira kubhururuka husiku, izvo zvinosanganisira:

• Kubhururuka kamwe chete kubva kunyika kuenda kunyika ine daro remakiromita anopfuura zana.
• Kusimuka nekumhara gumi kwakamira zvachose, imwe neimwe ichibhururuka nenzira yemota.

Zvinyorwa zvako zvinofanirwa kuratidza kuti kudzidziswa kwese kwaidiwa husiku kwakagamuchirwa, uye kutsigirwa kwemudzidzisi pasi pe § 61.109 kunosimbisa izvi, sezvakatsanangurwa mu Gwaro remuongorori weFAA rekupa chitupa chekutyaira ndege chakazvimirira.

Zvinhu zviviri zvinokanganisa vadzidzi. Chekutanga, "daro rese" zvinoreva huwandu hwemakumbo, saka kubhururuka nepanzvimbo yekutendeuka kunokodzera kana makumbo acho akawedzera kupfuura mamaira zana egungwa. Chechipiri, nzvimbo gumi dzekumhara dzinofanira kunge dziri nzvimbo dzakamira dzine traffic inotevedzana nguva imwe neimwe, saka kufamba-famba hakuverengerwi nhamba iyoyo. Kana uri kuronga chikamu chekufamba-famba nenyika, vatungamiriri vedu ve PPL minimum cross-country minimum uye zvinodiwa zvekubhururuka munyika dzakasiyana-siyana ratidza maitiro ekuronga nzira.

Nzvimbo yehusiku inowanzo sangana nevadzidzi pakutanga nezvinhu zvavasingazive, kusanzwisisa zvakadzama panhandare yendege ine rima, uye kudiwa kwekurongeka kwemutyairi wendege. nzvimbo yekubhururuka husiku inovhara njodzi idzodzo. Kuti uwane mufananidzo wakakwana wechitupa, ona private pilot rezinesi zvinodiwa.

Zvinodiwa zvehusiku hwemutyairi wendege dzebhizinesi

Mwero wekutengeserana unorema. Pakuongororwa kwendege ine injini imwe chete, 14 CFR § 61.129 zvinoda, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu:

• Maawa mashanu ehusiku VFR mamiriro ekunze ane gumi rekubva uye gumi rekumhara, imwe neimwe ichibhururuka nenzira yemumugwagwa, panhandare yendege ine nhare yekudzora inoshanda.
• Ndege imwe chete inobhururuka kwemaawa maviri ichiyambuka nyika nendege ine injini imwe chete husiku, ine daro rakatwasuka remakiromita anopfuura zana kubva payakatanga kusimuka.

Kune nhamba yemotokari ine injini dzakawanda, chikamu chimwe chete chine VFR yemaawa mashanu yakafanana neyayo usiku ine kusimuka nekumhara kagumi, uye ndege ine injini dzakawanda inoyambuka nyika kwemaawa maviri husiku.

Chinodiwa panhandare yendege ine shongwe ndicho chikamu chinochinja kuronga nguva. Basa rehusiku panzvimbo ine shongwe dzakawanda rinoreva kubatana nemotokari uye nevanodzora vanongovhura maawa akati wandei, ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei mabhuroko ehusiku achifanira kurongwa pakutanga kwechirongwa chebhizinesi pane kusiiwa kusvika pakupera. Gwaro redu rekuti kudzidziswa kwekutyaira kwekutengesa inoratidza kuti nguva yehusiku inokodzera papi munhevedzano yakazara.

Kuenzanisa nekukurumidza

Mari yehusiku mushure mekunge wabvumidza

Kupedza kudzidziswa hakugumisi mitemo yehusiku. 14 CFR § 61.57(b), haufanirwe kushanda semutyairi wendege inotakura vanhu kubva awa imwe chete mushure mekunyura kwezuva kusvika awa imwe chete zuva risati rabuda kunze kwekunge, mukati memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe apfuura, wakasimuka katatu uye wakamira katatu pahwindo iroro, semunhu wega anodzora ndege.

Tsika inobatsira: kuronga ndege yako yemanheru kana mazuva angopfupika, wobva wainyora ipapo ipapo. Izvi zvinoita kuti ndege dzevatakuri dzirambe dzakavhurika munguva yechando uye zvinokupa gwaro rakanyorwa kana paine anokubvunza.

Kunyora nguva yehusiku nemazvo

Nguva dzehusiku dzinongobatsira chete kana bhuku rako renhoroondo richiratidza kuti dzinoshanda. 14 CFR § 61.51 zvinoda kuti unyore ruzivo rwekudzidziswa uye ruzivo rwemuchadenga rwakashandiswa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvechitupa, kuongororwa kwendege, ongororo yendege uye ruzivo rwechangobva kuitika, uye ndege yega yega yakanyorwa inofanira kutaura mamiriro ekubhururuka, kusanganisira masikati kana husiku.

Zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvatinoona:

• Kunyora pasi kusviba kwemanheru semari yevatakurwi panosvika awa yekutanga mushure mekunyura kwezuva.
• Kunyora huwandu hwe "husiku" humwe chete pasina kuparadzanisa nzvimbo dzekumhara nenguva.
• Kukanganwa kunyora vimbiso yemudzidzisi wekufamba rwendo rwehusiku.
• Kuverenga nguva yekusvika panzvimbo imwe chete uchitarisa zvinodiwa pakumira-mira.

Chengeta nguva dzehusiku, nguva dzekumhara husiku uye nguva dzehusiku dzekuyambuka nyika dziri mumakoramu akasiyana kana kuti zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa zvakajeka. DPE kana muongorori anoverenga bhuku renhoroondo yekufamba kwendege usati wabhururuka.

Mitemo yekushanda kweVFR yehusiku yauchadzidzira nayo

Kudzidzira husiku ndipo panotangawo kuva nemamiriro ekunze akaderera. 14 CFR § 91.155, munzvimbo yemuchadenga yeClass G iri kana pasi pemamita 1,200 pamusoro penzvimbo, kuonekwa kwendege kushoma imamaira imwe chete masikati uye mamaira matatu emutemo husiku. Nhamba dzakafanana dzemasikati nehusiku dzinoshanda munzvimbo yemuchadenga yeClass G iri pamusoro pemamita 1,200 pamusoro penzvimbo asi pasi pemamita 10,000 MSL.

Makiromita matatu husiku hazvinyanyi kuwanda kana chiedza chepasi chishoma. Mudzidzisi wako achakudzidzisa kubata nhamba iyoyo sepasi, kwete chinangwa, uye kuongorora nzvimbo dzine rima, nzvimbo dziri kukwira uye makore ausingaone. Mwenje wendege unodiwa kubva pakunyura kwezuva kusvika pakubuda kwezuva, inova wachi yakasiyana neiri kutonga bhuku rako renhoroondo.

Chirongwa nhanho nhanho chekudzidzira kwako husiku

1. Pedzisa zvinhu zvako zvezuva kutanga. Kumhara zvakanaka, basa reredhiyo uye kudzora kubhururuka zvishoma nezvishoma kunoitika murima.
2. Tanga nebasa rekugadzira mapatani ehusiku munharaunda yako panhandare yendege yako yekumba, uko kubvumidzwa kwemunhu wega kuchashanda pakupedzisira.
3. Wedzera ndege yekufamba husiku munzvimbo yemuno, sezvinodiwa nekutsigirwa kwemunhu ari ega.
4. Ronga rwendo rwekufamba-famba rwemakiromita zana egungwa husiku hwakajeka hune maonero akanaka ekufanotaura, uye dzimwe nguva pfupi.
5. Nyora nzvimbo yega yega yekumhara ine mamiriro ekumira-mira uye hwindo rehusiku rakakodzera rakacherechedzwa.
6. Wana rutsigiro rwemudzidzisi izvo zvinosimbisa kuti kurovedza kwako kwehusiku kwapera.

Maonero edu pakudzidziswa kwehusiku

Tinoona kubhururuka husiku senzira yekudzidzisa, kwete sebhokisi rekutevera. Vadzidzi vanokurumidzirwa kusvika pakumhara kwavo kweusiku gumi muhusiku humwe chete vanowanzosvika panzvimbo yekumira nenhamba asi kwete tsika: kutsvaga nzvimbo isina chiedza, kugadzirisa maitiro erima, uye kufona kuti vatenderere nekukurumidza. Mutemo unogadzira pasi, uye chirongwa chinoshanda zvakanaka chinoshandisa pasi senzira yekutanga.

Chirongwa chekushanda chiri kurongwa. Muchirongwa chinokurumidza, mabhuroko ehusiku anofanira kuparadzirwa mukudzidziswa kuitira kuti hunyanzvi huvakwe pakati pezvikamu pane kumanikidzwa mumavhiki ekupedzisira. Zvirongwa zvedu zveChikamu 141 zvakavakirwa papfungwa iyoyo, uye kuva nekutarisa mukati medu kuburikidza neSelf Examining Authority yedu zvinoreva kuti kurongeka kwaunodzidzira hakukanganiswi nekumirira kwenguva refu kwemuongorori wekunze. Tinoda kuti utore imwe ndege yemanheru pane kutakura hunyanzvi husina kudzidziswa munzvimbo yendege, uko mashandiro ehusiku ari enguva dzose.

— Rainer

Kudzidziswa paFlorida Flyers Flight Academy

Kana uri kugadzirira basa rekutyaira ndege, kudzidzira husiku chimwe chezvinhu zvinoita kuti rwendo rwako ruve rwakakura. Florida Flyers Flight Academy inopa Chikamu 141 makosi ekudzidzira mutyairi wendege kubva kune zvakavanzika kuburikidza nemidziyo, injini dzakawanda uye CFI, uye chirongwa chechikoro chendege chemitengo yakatarwa yakarongwa pamadhora zviuru makumi masere nemashanu nemazana mapfumbamwe ($85,900) kuitira kuti zvidzidzo zvehusiku zvekuwedzera zvisave zvinhu zvisingatarisirwi. Vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika vanogonawo kunyoresa nerubatsiro rweM1 visa. Shandisa yedu. kuderedzwa kwemitengo yekudzidzira ndege kuenzanisa zvinofanirwa kuiswa muchirongwa usati wazvipira.

FAQ

Mutyairi wendege ari mudzidzi anogona kubhururuka ari ega husiku here?

Ehe, nekudzidziswa kunodiwa uye kutsigirwa. Mudzidzi anofanira kunyora kudzidziswa kwehusiku mukusimuka, kusvika, kumhara uye kufamba-famba panhandare yendege ari ega, pamwe nekudzidziswa kwekufamba nendege husiku, uye kutakura rutsigiro rwemudzidzisi wemhando yendege nemuenzaniso wayo une mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe apfuura.

Ndinofanira kuva nenguva yehusiku kangani kuti ndiwane chitupa chekutyaira ndege chakazvimirira?

Kuti uve nendege ine injini imwe chete, unoda kudzidziswa kubhururuka kwemaawa matatu husiku. Inofanira kusanganisira rwendo rumwe chete rwekufamba nenyika rwunopfuura mamaira zana egungwa uye rwendo rwekusimuka nekumhara kagumi, imwe neimwe iine traffic-pattern.

Nguva yehusiku inoverengwa nenzira imwecheteyo here pakunyora matanda uye pamari?

Kwete. Kutema miti nekudzidziswa zvinoshandisa nguva iri pakati pekupera kwemanheru kusvika pakutanga kwemangwanani kusvika kwamangwanani. Mari inotakura vafambi inoshandiswa awa imwe chete mushure mekunyura kwezuva kusvika awa imwe chete zuva risati rabuda, saka dzimwe nzvimbo dzekumhara dzaunotenga husiku hadziverengerwe pamari.

Ndinoda here rutsigiro rwakakosha kuti ndibhururuke neVFR husiku mushure mekunge ndawana chitupa?

Kwete. Kana wangowana chitupa uye wapedza kudzidziswa kwehusiku kunodiwa, kodzero dzeVFR dzehusiku dzinongova chikamu chayo. Unongoda kugara waziva nezvekusimuka nekumhara katatu kwehusiku mumazuva makumi mapfumbamwe apfuura kuti utakure vafambi.

Sources

• Bhuku Rekushandisa Kubhururuka Nendege reFAA, Chitsauko 11
• 14 CFR § 61.110, Zvisizvo zvekubhururuka husiku
• 14 CFR Chikamu 61 Chikamu C, Vadzidzi Vatyairi Vendege
• 14 CFR § 61.109, Ruzivo rwemundege
• Mutemo weFAA 8710.3E, Chitsauko 9, chitupa chekutyaira chakazvimirira
• 14 CFR § 61.129, Ruzivo rwekutengeserana mundege
• 14 CFR § 61.57, Ruzivo rwekubhururuka munguva pfupi yapfuura
• 14 CFR § 61.51, Mabhuku ekuongorora mapurojekiti evatyairi
• 14 CFR § 91.155, Zviyero zvepasi zveVFR zveBasic

varumbidzwa

• Husiku Kubhururuka Zvinodikanwa: Iyo #1 Yakanakisa Gwaro reVabatiri Verezinesi rePilot
• Zuva VFR vs Husiku VFR: Iyo Yekupedzisira FAA Mitemo Yekutungamira yeVadzidzi Vatyairi
• Husiku Kubhururuka: #1 Ultimate Gwaro reKufamba neDenga Mushure mekunyura kwezuva