Airports dzinopfuura nzvimbo dzokufamba nendege chete—ndidzo gadziriro dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzine mabasa akasiyana uye mabasa. Kuti ufambe nenyika yendege, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kurongeka kweairport uye kuti chii chinovasiyanisa.
Kubva kunhandare dzepasirese dzine chipatapata kuenda kunhandare diki dzendege dzematunhu, nhandare dzendege dzakaiswa muzvikamu zvichienderana nehukuru, huwandu hwemotokari, uye kugona kushanda. Nepo izwi iri ringaite serinoomesera, kutyora zvimiro izvi zviri nyore pane zvazvinoita.
Mugwaro rino, tichaongorora mhando dzakasiyana dzenhandare dzendege, mazita adzo epamutemo, uye kuti anotsanangurwa sei. Kunyangwe iwe uri mutyairi wendege kana mufambi anoda kuziva, iyi pfupiso ichapa kujekeswa kwepasirese rakasiyana-siyana renhandare yendege.
Chii chinorehwa neTerm Airport?
Shoko rekuti “nhandare yendege” rinobatanidza zvakawanda kupfuura nzvimbo chete apo ndege dzinomhara nokusimuka. Inoreva hurongwa hwakakwana hwezvivakwa, zvivakwa, uye nzvimbo dzakatarwa dzinotsigira mashandiro endege.
Maererano Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), airport inotsanangurwa se:
"Chero nzvimbo yepasi kana mvura inoshandiswa kana kugadzirirwa kumhara kana kusimuka kwendege, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kana dzakagadzirirwa zvivakwa zveairport, zvivakwa, pamwe nekodzero dzekufamba pamwe nezvivakwa nezvivakwa."
Tsanangudzo iyi inoratidza kuomarara uye kuwanda kwenhandare dzendege, dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzakakosha dzekufamba nendege, kutakura zvinhu, uye masevhisi endege. Kunzwisisa iyi yekutanga pfungwa kwakakosha pakubata misimboti yakafararira yekusarudzika kwenhandare yendege uye mabasa akasiyana enhandare dzendege mune ecosystem.
Ndeapi maAirport Classifications?
Kunzwisisa kupatsanurwa kwenhandare yendege kwakakosha kune chero munhu ane chekuita nendege, ungave uri mutyairi wendege, mufambi, kana nyanzvi yeindasitiri. Nhandare dzendege dzakaiswa muzvikamu zvichienderana nehupamhi hwekushanda, huwandu hwetraffic, uye marudzi ezviitwa zvavanotsigira.
Sekureva kweFederal Aviation Administration (FAA), nhandare dzendege dzakaiswa mumhando mbiri huru: yekutanga uye isiri yekutanga. Aya mapoka anotemerwa nehuwandu hwechiitiko, kusanganisira kuwanda kwekusvika nekusimuka, pamwe nemhando yemabasa anoitwa panhandare yendege.
Primary Airports
Nhandare dzekutanga dzakakamurwa zvakare zvichienderana nebasa radzo mukubhururuka kwendege. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Hub Huru: Nzvimbo huru dzendege dzinobata chikamu chakakosha chenyika yendege traffic (semuenzaniso, JFK, LAX).
- Medium Hub: Nhandare dzendege dzine mavhoriyamu ari pakati nepakati, dzinowanzoshanda senzvimbo dzematunhu.
- Small Hub: Madiki enhandare dzendege ane mashoma asi anowirirana traffic.
- Non-Hub: Nhandare dzendege dzine traffic shoma yekutengeserana, kazhinji inoshandira nharaunda diki.
Nonprimary Airports
Nonprimary airports anonyanya kubata general aviation (GA) uye akaiswa muzvikamu zvinotevera:
- National: Nhandare dzinotsigira kure-kure GA ndege uye masevhisi akakosha.
- zvenharaunda: Nhandare dzendege dzinoshanda sehubs dzedunhu GA chiitiko.
- Local: Nhandare dzendege dzinopa mukana kunharaunda dzenzvimbo uye nendege dzinobva kure.
- Basic: Nhandare dzendege dzine zvishoma zvivakwa, zvinowanzo shandiswa pakunakidzwa nekubhururuka.
- Unclassified: Nhandare dzendege dzisingakwane muzvikamu zviri pamusoro, kazhinji ndezvakavanzika kana nyanzvi.
Nepo nhandare dzendege dzebasa dzekutengesa dzichiwanzo nyanya kuoneka, ruzhinji rwekudzidziswa kwendege uye mabasa ekufamba nendege anoitika panhandare dzendege dzisiri dzekutanga. Izvi zvivakwa zvinoita basa rakakosha mukutsigira kudzidziswa kwevatyairi, ndege dzepachivande, uye kubatana kwedunhu.
Nekunzvera zvakadzama muzvikamu izvi, kunyanya mukati mechikamu chezvendege, tinowana kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwemarongerwo akaitwa nhandare dzendege uye nemabasa akasarudzika adzinoita mumhepo.
Iwo mashanu General Aviation Airport Zvikamu
Kunzwisisa kupatsanurwa kwenhandare yendege kwakakosha pakutenda mabasa akasiyana-siyana anotambwa nenhandare dzendege (GA) munhandare yendege. Idzi nhandare dzendege dzakakamurwa kuita marudzi mashanu akasiyana, imwe neimwe ichishandira chaiwo mabasa uye zvinodiwa pakushanda.
Heano kutarisisa kwakadzama pachikamu chega chega mukati mehupamhi hwehurongwa hwekuisa panhandare yendege:
National Airports
National airports ndiwo akanyanya kukosha hubs mune general aviation network. Vanotsigira huwandu hwekuita, kusanganisira ndege dzemabhizinesi kureba, kutakura kwekurapa, uye kutakura zvinhu.
Idzi nhandare dzendege dzinowanzo ratidza zvivakwa zvakakura, senge njanji refu, masisitimu ekufambisa epamberi, uye nzvimbo dzebasa rakazara senge. kuchengetedza hangars uye zviteshi zvemafuta.
Mienzaniso inosanganisira nhandare dzendege seVan Nuys Airport (VNY) muCalifornia, iyo inoshanda seyakakosha node yekambani uye yakavanzika ndege.
Regional Airports
Nhandare dzenharaunda dzinoita seakakosha majoiniti mukati menzvimbo dzadzo, achitsigira mwero mwero weGA chiitiko. Ivo vanotarisira kufamba kwebhizinesi, kudzidzira kubhururuka, uye kubhururuka kwevaraidzo, kazhinji kushanda sedzimwe nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzekutengesa dzakakura.
Idzi nhandare dzendege dzinogara dziine nzira dzekumhanya dzakanyatsochengetedzwa, zvekutanga zvekufambisa, uye masevhisi akaita semafuta uye kuchengetedza ndege. Muenzaniso ndewe Centennial Airport (APA) muColorado, inotsigira musanganiswa webhizinesi nekutandara kwendege.
Local Airports
Nhandare dzenharaunda nzvimbo dzakatarisana nenharaunda dzinopa mukana wakakosha kumataundi madiki nenzvimbo dzekumaruwa. Vanotsigira mazinga akaderera echiitiko cheGA, kusanganisira ndege dzemunhu, kudzidziswa kwendege, uye masevhisi ekukurumidzira senge maamburenzi emhepo.
Idzi nhandare dzendege dzinowanzo kuve nemigwagwa mipfupi uye masevhisi mashoma asi inoita basa rakakosha mukubatanidza nharaunda dziri kure kune yakafararira network yendege. Muenzaniso ndeyeMackinac Island Airport (MCD) muMichigan, inoshandira nharaunda diki yechitsuwa.
Basic Airports
Nhepfenyuro dzendege zvidiki zvivakwa zvidiki zvine zvivakwa zvishoma, zvinowanzo shandiswa pakunakidzwa kubhururuka uye kureruka kweGA chiitiko. Ivo vanowanzova nemigwagwa mipfupi, zvidiki zvekubatsira kufamba, uye mashoma masevhisi, asi akakosha mukusimudzira kuwanikwa kwendege uye kutsigira hupfumi hwenzvimbo.
Aya nhandare dzendege dzakakurumbira pakati pevatyairi vendege uye zvikoro zvekubhururuka senge Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Muenzaniso ndeweJohnson County Executive Airport (OJC) muKansas, iyo inonyanya kushanda nendege dzekunakidzwa uye dzekudzidzira.
Unclassified Airports
Unclassified airports zvivakwa zvehunyanzvi izvo zvisingaenderane nemapoka ari pamusoro. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira nhandare dzendege, nhandare dzendege, kana nhandare dzendege dzakagadzirirwa zvinangwa zvakaita sekurima, kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri, kana kudzidziswa zvechiuto.
Idzi nhandare dzendege dzinowanzo kuve neyakasiyana zvivakwa zvinoenderana nemabasa avo chaiwo. Muenzaniso ndeweWittman Regional Airport (OSH) muWisconsin, iyo inobata gore negore EAA AirVenture fly-in chiitiko.
Kunzwisisa kupatsanurwa kwenhandare yendege kunopa nzwisiso kune akasiyana mabasa anotambwa nezvivakwa izvi mundege ecosystem. Kubva pakutsigira ndege dzemabhizinesi marefu kusvika pakugonesa kubhururuka kwevaraidzo, GA nhandare dzendege dzakakosha kuchengetedza yakasimba uye inosvikika network yendege.
Sei Kuiswa Kwendege Kunokosha?
Kunzwisisa kurongeka kwendege kwakakosha kune vatyairi vendege, nyanzvi dzendege, uye kunyange vafambi. Inopa nzwisiso yakakosha mumhando yetraffic, maitiro, uye tarisiro yekushanda pane chero yakapihwa airport. Kunyangwe iwe uri kufamba munzvimbo ine chipatapata yenyika kana nhandare yendege yakanyarara, kuziva kupatsanurwa kunokubatsira kugadzirira matambudziko akasiyana uye zvinodiwa zvenzvimbo yega yega.
Kufambisa Mhando dzakasiyana dzeAirport
Makuru National uye Dunhu Airports: Idzi nhandare dzendege dzinobata zvakakura zvetraffic vhoriyamu, zvinosanganisira ndege dzekutengesa, kutakura zvinhu, uye bhizinesi rendege. Kushanda munzvimbo dzakadai kunoda kunyatsonzwisiswa kwemitemo yakaoma yeaeronautical, maitiro ekufambisa epamusoro, uye kutaurirana kunoshanda nekutonga kwemhepo.
Local uye Basic Airports: Nhandare diki dzinogona kunge dziine traffic shoma, asi dzinoda kunyatso famba. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kunge vachiziva maitirwo enzvimbo, marongerwo emigwagwa yeruzha, uye zvipingaidzo zvinogona kuitika, kunyanya kumaruwa kana kunzvimbo dziri kure.
Unclassified Airports: Idzi zvivakwa zvehunyanzvi zvinowanzova neakasarudzika mashandisirwo ezvinodiwa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuti unzwisise iwo chaiwo mitemo nemiganhu.
Kunyangwe uri kubhururukira munhandare huru yenyika kana kudzidzira kumhara panhandare diki yendege, kudzidziswa kwakakodzera kwakakosha. At Florida Flyers Flight Academy, tinoshongedza vadzidzi vedu neruzivo uye hunyanzvi hwekufamba chero airport zvakachengeteka uye nechivimbo.
Varairidzi vedu nyanzvi vane ruzivo rwakakura rwekushanda mukati nekutenderedza airports emhando dzese. Kubva pakugona kutaurirana kwekudzora traffic traffic kusvika pakunzwisisa runway protocol, tinokugadzirira iwe kune yega mamiriro.
Kunzwisisa kupatsanurwa kwenhandare yendege hakusi kuchengetedzeka chete - zvakare nezvemukana. Nekudzidziswa kwakakodzera, unogona kuzviwana uchityaira ndege yejeti mhiri kweAtlantic kana kutonga mashandiro panzvimbo yedunhu.
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve maitiro ekushandura rezenisi rezenisi rekunze mumatanho mana.
