Nhanganyaya kune 3 Principle Ndege Axes
Nyika yendege inotongwa nemisimboti uye pfungwa dzinovimbisa kuchengetedzwa uye kugona kwekubhururuka. Pakati peaya mazano ekutanga pane 3 musimboti wendege matemo. Matemo aya mitsara isingaoneki inopfuura nemundege, ichitsanangura mafambiro ayo munzvimbo ine mativi matatu. Kunzwisisa pfungwa idzi kwakakosha kune vatyairi vendege, mainjiniya emuchadenga, uye vanofarira zvendege zvakafanana.
Matemo ndiwo ari pakati pekugadzira nekushanda kwendege. Pasina nzwisiso yakajeka yekuti vanopesvedzera sei mafambiro endege panguva yekubhururuka, munhu haakwanisi kunyatsonzwisisa magadzirirwo ekufambisa ndege kana kuti magadzirirwo endege. Imwe neimwe axis inoenderana neseti yezvinodzora mucockpit uye inotonga chaiyo mhando yekufamba iyo ndege inogona kuita.
Muzvikamu zvinotevera, isu tichaongorora kuomesesa kweiyo 3 musimboti wendege demo. Kunzvera uku hakuzongodzivisi bedzi mativi ounyanzvi esimba rokubhururuka asi kuchawedzerawo kuonga kwomunhu kunoshamisa kuri kubhururuka kwomunhu. Pakupera kwechinyorwa chino, muverengi achange ave nekunyatsonzwisisa pfungwa idzi, dzinokosha pakubhururuka kwendege semapapiro ari mundege.
Kunzwisisa Pfungwa ye3 Nheyo Yendege Axes
Kuti unyatso koshesa makanika ari kuseri kwekufamba kwendege, munhu anofanira kutanga anzwisisa pfungwa ye ndege mbezo. Mademo aya anopa hurongwa hwekutsanangura mafambiro anoita ndege mumhepo uye kuti inopindura sei kune zvinopinda kubva kumutyairi kana autopilot system.
Ndege inogona kutenderera nematemo ayo, kungofanana nemupinyi anogona kutenderera pakati payo. Matemo anopindirana pa muzinda wesimba rinokwevera ndege, ichipa nzvimbo yakakosha yekufamba kwese kutenderera. Ndivo hwaro hwekutsanangudza mafungiro nekwairi kuita ndege mudenga. Kuzvitaura muchidimbu, matemo ndiwo machinjiro emasimba ekubhururuka, achiraira kutendeuka kwega kwega, kukunguruka, uye kukwirira kwendege.
Sezvo isu tichiongorora imwe neimwe yematatu emisimboti mbezo, zvakakosha kurangarira kuti inopindirana. Mafambiro akatenderedza axis imwe anogona kukanganisa kugadzikana uye kutonga kwakatenderedza mamwe, zvichiita kuti tinzwisise zvese zvitatu zvakakosha pakuziva hunyanzvi hwekubhururuka.
Iyo 3 Nheyo Yendege Matemo: Mhedziso
Iwo 3 musimboti wendege mbezo ane lateral, longitudinal, uye vertical axes. Imwe neimwe ine pendicular kune dzimwe mbiri uye inopindirana nepakati pesimba rinokwevera ndege. Aya mademo ndiwo hwaro hwemhando dzekutanga dzekufamba kwendege: roll, pitch, uye yaw.
Iyo lateral axis inomhanya kubva kumusoro kwebapiro kuenda kune bapiro, iyo longitudinal axis inotambanukira kubva kumhino ichienda kumuswe, uye vertical axis inomhanya kubva kumusoro ichienda kuzasi kwendege. Pamwe chete, matemo aya anoumba hurongwa hwekubatanidza ndege, zvichibvumira vatyairi kudzora nekudzikamisa ndege pakubhururuka. Ndiwo skeletal chimiro pakavakirwa zvese zvinofambiswa, uye kuzvinzwisisa kwakakosha kufanotaura nekudzora mafambiro endege mumhepo.
Kuongorora kwakadzama kweLateral Axis
Iyo lateral axis kana transverse axis inomhanya kubva kune rimwe divi rendege kuenda kune rimwe, zvakanyanya kubva pabapiro kuenda kune bapiro. Iyi axis inobatanidzwa nekufamba kwekukanda. Kana mutyairi wendege achigadzirisa marevheti endege, anenge ari pamuswe, ndege yacho inotenderera ichitenderedza axis.
Kufamba uku ndiko kunoita kuti ndege inongedze mhino yayo kumusoro kana pasi. Kufamba kwakakosha pakukwira nekudzika panguva yekubhururuka. Somuenzaniso, painosimuka, mutyairi wendege anodhonzera shure pajoko rokudzora mhino yacho, zvichiita kuti ndege ikwire mudenga.
Kudzora kweiyo lateral axis kwakakoshawo pakuchengetedza nhanho yekubhururuka panzvimbo isingaperi. Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kugara vachigadzira zvigadziriso zvidiki kuma lifti kuti varwisane nezvinhu zvakaita se kushungurudzika kana kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemhepo. Mastery of pitch control hunyanzvi hwakakosha kune chero mutyairi wendege, nekuti hunokanganisa zvakananga kunyaradza uye kuchengetedzeka kwendege.
Kuvhura iyo Longitudinal Axis
Iyo longitudinal axis, inozivikanwawo sekuti roll axis, inotambanudza kureba kubva kumhino yendege kusvika kumuswe wayo. Mafambiro akatenderedza axis iyi anonzi ma rolls. Maailerons, ayo ane hinged surfaces ari pachikamu chekunze chebapiro rimwe nerimwe, anodzora mupumburu wendege.
Kana mutyairi wendege achida kutanga kutendeuka, achashandisa maailerons kutenderedza ndege kuruboshwe kana kurudyi. Kukungurutsa ndege kunoita kuti rimwe bapiro risimuke asi rimwe richinyura. Uku kusaenzana mukusimudza kunotanga kutendeuka uye chikamu chakakosha chekufambisa ndege nemudenga.
Kudzora kweiyo longitudinal axis hakugumiri pakutendeuka. Izvo zvakakoshawo pakuchengetedza lateral kugadzikana panguva yekubhururuka. Kana ndege ikasangana nemhepo inovhuvhuta ichiinamisa kune rimwe divi, mutyairi wendege anofanira kugadzirisa maailerons kuti aenzane mapapiro. Iyi pfungwa yekugadzikana uye kutonga kwakakosha pakushanda kwakanaka kwendege, kunyanya panguva yemhirizhonga.
Iyo Vertical Axis: Zvaunoda Kuziva
Iyo yakatwasuka axis, dzimwe nguva inodaidzwa kuti yaw axis, ndicho chikamu chekupedzisira che 3 musimboti wendege demo. Inomhanya kubva kumusoro ichidzika nepakati pendege uye inodzora kufamba kwayaw, kunova kufamba-kudivi-kudivi kwemhino yendege. The rudhi, iri pa vertical stabilizer pamuswe wendege, ine basa rekugadzirisa zvakapoteredza vertical axis.
Kana chidzoreso chatsveyamiswa, chinoshandura mafambiro emhepo achitenderedza muswe, zvichiita kuti ndege idzedzerere kuruboshwe kana kurudyi ichitenderedza axis yakatwasuka. Kufamba uku kunonyanya kukosha pakubatanidza majana uye pakugadzirisa diki diki panguva yekubhururuka.
Pamusoro pazvo, chidzoreso chakakosha pakurwisa kushaya simba, inova katsika kekuti ndege iite zvekuumburuka ichienda kune rimwe divi. Kushandisa chidzoreso zvinobudirira kwakakosha pakutenderera kwakatsetseka, kwakarongeka, kuve nechokwadi kuti mhino yendege inotevera mativi emuchadenga panguva yose yokufamba.
Basa reMatatu Matemo Endege muFlight Dynamics
Kudyidzana kwemademo endege matatu ari pamwoyo wesimba rekubhururuka. Imwe neimwe axis yakakosha kune akasiyana mativi ekubhururuka, asi iwo maitiro avo akasanganiswa anobvumira kune nyasha uye nemazvo kutonga kwendege kuburikidza nematenga makuru.
Munguva yega yega yekubhururuka, kubva pakusimuka kusvika pakumhara, vatyairi vendege vanoshandisa nzvimbo dzekudzora dzine chekuita neakisi yega yega kuti vawane maitiro anodikanwa uye nzira. Semuyenzaniso, panguva yekutendeuka kwemazuva ese, mutyairi wendege panguva imwe cheteyo anokungurutsa ndege paakisi yelongitudinal oshandisa chidzoreso yaw mhino iri kwakanangana nekutendeuka, zvese uku uchigadzirisa mbiru nemaelevator kuchengetedza urefu.
Zvakare, aya matemo haana kukosha chete pakubhururuka kwemaoko asi zvakare anoumba hwaro hweautopilot masisitimu uye. tekinoroji yekubhururuka newaya. Ndege dzemazuva ano dzinovimba zvakanyanya nemakomputa kuti aite otomatiki kutonga kweasanhu aya, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakakwana uye kugadzikana kunoenderana neakasiyana masensor uye mapipu.
Manzwisisiro Akaita 3 Nheyo Yendege Matemo Inogona Kuvandudza Unyanzvi Hwako hwekubhururuka
Kune vanoshuvira vatyairi vendege uye vane ruzivo veterans zvakafanana, kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwematatu emisimboti mademo endege kunogona kuwedzera zvinoshamisa hunyanzvi hwekubhururuka. Ruzivo urwu runoshandura zvakananga mukubata zvakanaka kwendege, mafambisirwo azvo, uye kukwanisa zviri nani kufanotaura uye kuita maererano nemafambiro endege.
Nekunzwisisa mapinduriro anoita ndege pakudzora zvinopinza zvakatenderedza axis yega yega, vatyairi vendege vanogona kutendeuka, kukwira, uye kudzika neruvimbo rwakakura uye zvakanaka. Izvi hazvingonatsidzire kuchengeteka uye kushanda zvakanaka kwendege asiwo zvinobatsira pakuita kuti vatyairi vendege nevatakurwi vafare zvikuru pakubhururuka nendege.
Uyezve, ruzivo rwepamusoro rwemafambisirwo endege runogona kubatsira vatyairi vendege mukugadzirisa matambudziko uye kutsiva nyaya dzemuchina dzingamuka. Somuenzaniso, kana nzvimbo inodzora ndege ikasapindura, mutyairi wendege anonyatsonzwisisa mbezo anogona kushandisa dzimwe nzira kuti arambe achidzora ndege.
Nyaya Dzidzo: Chaiyo-Nyika Zvishandiso zve3 Principle Ndege Axes
Kuisa dzidziso mukuita, ngationgororei mamwe-chaiwo mashandisirwo eiyo 3 musimboti wendege demo. Zvidzidzo zvezviitiko kubva kundege nendege dzekutengesa dzinoratidza kukosha kwemazano aya mukushanda kwezuva nezuva.
Imwe nyaya yakadai yaisanganisira ndege huru yakasangana nemamiriro ekunze akaipa. Kugona kwemutyairi wendege kutenderedza lateral uye longitudinal axes kwaive kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kutonga pamberi pekusimudzira kwakasimba uye kuderera. Kushandisa zvakanaka kwomutyairi wezvikwiriso nemaailerons kwaibvumira kuti afambe zvakanaka nemumhepo ine mhirizhonga.
Mune chimwe chiitiko, ndege yekutengeserana yakasangana nekutadza kweinjini nguva pfupi yasimuka. The asymmetrical thrust yakaita kuti ndege idzedzerere yakananga kunjini yakatadza. Kukasira uye nemazvo kwevashandi vemundege kushandisa zvidzoreso zvakatenderedza axis yakatwasuka zvaipesana neshamhu, zvichiita kuti vagone kudzikamisa ndege uye kumhara nechimbichimbi.
Iyi mienzaniso inosimbisa kukosha kunoshanda kwekugona 3 musimboti wematemo endege. Zvingave mundege dzenguva dzose kana mamiriro ekukurumidzira, misimboti yekuchinja kwendege inogara ichitamba.
mhedziso
Iwo matatu mademo endege anoshanda semugadziriso wekunzwisisa uye kugona dhanzi rakaomarara rekubhururuka kwemasimba. Ndiwo masimba asingaoneki ayo vatyairi vendege vanoshandura kuveza nzira mudenga. Axis imwe neimwe ine basa rakasiyana, asi kubatana kwavo ndiko kunoita kuti ndege ifambe zvine chinangwa uye nemazvo.
Kubva pakufamba kwenzwi kwakatenderedza lateral axis, kukunguruka kwakatenderedza akisi yelongitudinal, kusvika kune yaw yakatenderedza axis yakatwasuka, aya manzwisisiro akakosha akabatana mumativi ese ekubhururuka. Angave ari mutyairi wendege, injiniya, kana kuti anongofarirawo zvake, kuonga nheyo idzi kunowedzera kunzwisisa kwomunhu basa rinoshamisa rokubhururuka kwomunhu.
Sezvo isu tichipedzisa kuongororwa kwakadzama kweatatu emisimboti yendege mbezo, zviri pachena kuti inopfuura kungo fungidziro yekuvaka. Ndivo musimboti wezvinoita kuti kubhururuka kunodzorwa kugoneke. Kuburikidza nekubatana kwavo, tinopupurira kusangana kunoshamisa kwemunhu, muchina, uye mitemo yefizikisi, vachiuya pamwechete kuti vakunde matenga.
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve Private Pilot Ground School Course.
