Jet kumhanya inyaya yekufarira kukuru kwete chete kune vanofarira zvendege uye nyanzvi asiwo kune vanoda kuziva vafambi. Kumhanya kwendege dzekutengesa kunobata zvakakosha pazvinhu zvakasiyana senge nguva yekufamba, kunyatsoita mafuta, mitengo yematikiti, uye ruzivo rwese rwendege. Iri gwara rakazara rinopa kuongorora kwakadzama kwekumhanya kwejeti, kusanganisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chekuita nekumhanya kwendege dzekutengesa.
Kunzwisisa Commerce Ndege
Ndege dzekutengesa zvinoshamisa zveinjiniya yemazuva ano. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kutakura mazana evafambi pamusoro pemadaro marefu nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Kumhanya kwendege idzi — kunowanzonzi kumhanya kwadzo kwejeti — chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kushanda kwadzo, kushanda nesimba, uye kuchengeteka.
Kumhanya kwejeti kwendege dzekutengesa kunosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwendege, magadzirirwo ayo, uye injini dzayo. Semuenzaniso, ndege dzakatetepa-muviri senge Boeing 737 kana Airbus A320 kazhinji vanofamba nenzendo dzekumhanya dzinosvika 0.78 kusvika 0.82 Mach, nepo ndege dzakakura-muviri dzakaita seBoeing 747 kana Airbus A380 dzinogona kusvika pakumhanya kusvika pa0.85 kusvika 0.89 Mach.
Kuona kumhanya kwejeti kwendege dzekutengesa harisi basa rakatwasuka. Zvinosanganisira zviverengero zvakaomarara uye kuyerwa, tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana sekukwirira, kumhanya kwemhepo, uye kusunda.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kumhanya kweJet
Kukura:
Altitude inoita basa rakakosha mukumhanya kwendege dzekutengesa. Sezvo ndege inokwira kumusoro, mhepo inova shoma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ndege inosangana nekushomeka kushoma, zvichiita kuti ifambe nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Uyezve, munzvimbo dzakakwirira, tembiricha yakadzikira, izvo zvinovandudza kushanda kweinjini dzendege uye dzinodzibvumira kuburitsa simba rakawanda.
Zvisinei, kubhururuka panzvimbo yakakwirira kunopawo matambudziko. Somuenzaniso, kudzikira kwemhepo kunoreva kuti mapapiro endege haanyanyi kusimuka, zvichiita kuti imhanye nokukurumidza kuitira kuti ifambe zvakanaka. Uyezve, mhepo yakatetepa pakakwirira inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pahutano nekunyaradza kwevafambi nevashandi.
Mhepo Yakananga/Kumhanya
Mhepo inotungamira uye kumhanya zvakare inokanganisa zvakanyanya kumhanya kwejeti. Mhepo—mhepo inovhuvhuta yakananga kwainobhururuka nayo—inogona kuderedza ndege, kuwedzera nguva yekufamba uye kushandiswa kwemafuta. Ukuwo, chamupupuri—mhepo inovhuvhuta yakananga kwainobhururuka—inogona kukurumidzisa ndege, ichideredza nguva yokufamba uye kushandiswa kwemafuta.
Total Thrust
Total thrust zvinoreva simba rakasanganiswa rinogadzirwa neinjini dzendege kuti ienderere mberi. Kana injini dzendege dzichikwanisa kugadzira simba rakawanda, ndipo painokurumidza kubhururuka. Nekudaro, kuburitsa simba rakawanda kunodyawo mafuta akawanda, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kudhura-kuita kwendege.
Kuyera Kumhanya Kwendege
Inoratidzwa Airspeed (IAS)
Indicated Airspeed (IAS) ndiko kumhanya kunoratidzwa pachiratidzo chekumhanya kwendege. Ndiyo kumhanya kwemhepo kunoenderana nemhepo yakatenderedza, kuyerwa panzvimbo yendege. Zvakadaro, IAS haitarise kumhanya kwemhepo kana kwairi kuita, uye haitarise shanduko mukuwanda kwemhepo nekuda kwekuchinja kwehurefu kana tembiricha.
True Airspeed (TAS)
True Airspeed (TAS) kumhanya kwendege kunoenderana nemhepo yairi kubhururuka nayo. Kusiyana neIAS, TAS inofunga nezvekuchinja kwehuwandu hwemhepo nekuda kwekuchinja kwekukwirira uye tembiricha. Nekudaro, seIAS, TAS haitarise kumhanya kwemhepo kana gwara.
Groundspeed (GS)
Groundspeed (GS) ndiko kumhanya kwendege zvichienderana nepasi. Kusiyana neIAS neTAS, GS inofunga nezve mhedzisiro yekumhanya kwemhepo uye kwairi. GS imhanyiro inowanzotaurwa nevafambi pavanenge vachitaura nezvekubhururuka kuri kuita ndege.
Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)
Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) iIAS yakagadziridzwa kukanganisa kwezviridzwa uye shanduko mumhepo nekuda kwekuchinja kwekukwirira uye tembiricha.
Mach
Mach chiyero chekumhanya chinoenderana nekumhanya kwenzwi. Ndege iri kubhururuka paMach 1 iri kufamba nekumhanya kweruzha. Ndege dzekutengesa dzinowanzo famba nekumhanya kunosvika Mach 0.8 kusvika Mach 0.9.
Speed Miganhu Yendege Dzakakurumbira
Boeing 747
Boeing 747, inozivikanwawo se "Queen of the Skies," indege ine muviri wakafara inokwanisa kutakura mazana evafambi nenzendo refu. Iyo ine yakanyanya kumhanyisa kumhanya kweinotenderera Mach 0.85.
Boeing 737
Boeing 737 indege ine muviri mutete iyo inowanzoshandiswa kupfupi, ndege dzepamba. Iyo ine yakanyanya kumhanya yekufamba inosvika Mach 0.78.
Airbus A380
Airbus A380 ndiyo ndege huru pasi rose. Indege ine mbiri-deki, yakakura-muviri ndege inogona kutakura vanopfuura mazana masere. Yayo yakanyanya kumhanyisa kumhanya inosvika Mach 800.
Kumhanya kwakasiyana-siyana Panguva Yendege
Bvisa
Panguva yekusimuka, ndege dzekutengesa dzinowanzosvika pakumhanya kweanenge 150 kusvika 180 knots (anenge 170 kusvika 207 mamaira paawa).
Kurwisa
Paunenge uchifamba munzvimbo dzakakwirira, ndege dzekutengesa dzinowanzofamba nekumhanya kunosvika Mach 0.8 kusvika kuMach 0.9 (inenge 600 kusvika 680 mamaira paawa).
kumhara
Panguva yekumhara, ndege dzekutengesa dzinowanzo kudzika kusvika pakumhanya kweanenge 140 kusvika 160 knots (anenge 161 kusvika 184 mamaira paawa).
Mamhanyiro Emarudzi Akasiyana Endege
Private Jets
Majeti ega ega anowanzo mhanyisa kupfuura ndege dzekutengesa. Dzinogona kubhururuka pakakwirira, apo mhepo yakatetepa uye inopa kushomeka kwekudzivirira, zvichiita kuti isvike pakumhanya kwakanyanya.
Ndege dzeMauto
Ndege dzemauto dzakagadzirwa kuti dzikurumidze uye dzinomhanya. Majeti ekurwira, semuenzaniso, anogona kusvika kumhanya kwepamusoro paMach 2.
Imwe Injini
Ndege dzine injini imwe kazhinji dzinononoka kupfuura ndege dzakawanda-injini. Iwo anowanzo shandiswa kune mapfupi ndege munzvimbo dzakaderera.
Mhedzisiro yeSupersonic Flight
Kubhururuka kweSupersonic — kubhururuka nekukurumidza kupfuura kumhanya kwenzwi — kune mukana wekushandura mafambiro emhepo nekudzikisa zvakanyanya nguva dzekufamba. Nekudaro, zvinopawo matambudziko akadai sekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta, kusvibiswa kweruzha, uye kusikwa kwemasonic booms.
Basa reKushanda Kwemari
Kubudirira kwemitengo chinhu chakakosha mukubhururuka kwendege. Ndege dzinoyedza kushandisa ndege dzadzo sezvine mutengo-zvinobudirira sezvinobvira kuchengetedza mitengo yematikiti yakaderera uye kuchengetedza pundutso. Naizvozvo, vanofanirwa kudzikamisa chishuwo chekumhanya kwejeti kwakakwira nekudikanwa kwekuchengetedza mafuta uye kuderedza mari yekushandisa.
Ramangwana reJet Speeds
Ramangwana rekumhanya kwejeti riri kuvimbisa, nekufambira mberi mune zvehunyanzvi uye mainjiniya zvichiita kuti ndege dzekutengesa dzibhururuke nekukurumidza uye zvine hungwaru. Nekudaro, kubudirira uku kufambira mberi kunoda kukunda matambudziko akakura, anosanganisira kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekubhururuka nendege uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza nekunyaradza kwevafambi.
Mukupedzisa, kumhanya kwejeti inyaya inonakidza uye yakaoma. Iwo mhedzisiro yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye anoita basa rakakosha mukubudirira, kuchengeteka, uye kudhura-zvinobudirira kwekufamba nendege. Sezvo tekinoroji iri kuramba ichifambira mberi, tinogona kutarisira ramangwana rekufamba kwendege nekukurumidza, kunobudirira, uye kwakasimba.
mhedziso
Kunzwisisa kumhanya kwejeti hakusi kungoziva kuti ndege inogona kubhururuka sei. Izvo zvakare nezvekunzwisisa zvakasiyana siyana zvinopesvedzera kumhanya uku uye kuti anopindirana sei kuti aone kumhanya kwakaringana kwendege yega yega. Sezvo tekinoroji iri kuramba ichifambira mberi, tinogona kutarisira kuona shanduko mukumhanya kwejeti, zvichizotungamira kune kukurumidza uye kune hunyanzvi kufamba kwendege mune ramangwana.
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