Nhanganyaya yeMauto mana Ekubhururuka
Wakambozvibvunza kuti ndeapi masimba emashiripiti anobvumira shiri hombe dziya dzesimbi kuti dzibhururuke zvisingaite mumatenga? Zvakanaka, chakavanzika chiri mukubata Mauto mana eKubhururuka - kusimudza, uremu, kukanda, uye kudhonza. Semutyairi wendege kana mutyairi wendege, kuwana kubata kwakasimba kwemasimba aya kwakakosha.
Gwaro iri rinokutora pasi pehodhi kuti unyatsonzwisisa rimwe nerimwe remasimba aya uye kuti anopindirana sei panguva dzakasiyana siyana dzekubhururuka. Kubva pane adrenaline-kupomba kusimuka uko kusunda nekusimudza madzimambo, kuenda kune runyararo rwendo uko kunenge kuri kurova iyo chiyero chakakwana, nzira yese kusvika kumadhanzi akapfava ekudzika nekumhara.
Asi hazvisi zvekungoziva pfungwa. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kunge vari shasha dzekutonga mauto aya kuburikidza nekuchenjerera kudzora mapindiro uye kunyatsogadzirisa marongero endege. Every kurova-rova kuwedzera, gadziriso yepitch, kana throttle movement imhinduro yakaverengerwa kuchengetedza masimba aya mukuwirirana. Zvipikiri uye iwe wawana kufamba kwakatsetseka. Svetukira kumusoro uye… zvakanaka, ngatitii mitemo yefizikisi inogona kusaregerera!
Saka, sunga uye gadzirira kudzima mashiripiti anoita kuti kubhururuka kugoneke. Iva neMauto mana Endege aya, uye iwe uchawana rutendo rutsva rwechokwadi choreography inoitwa panguva yega yega yekubhururuka.
Mauto mana ekubhururuka: Kunzwisisa iyo Yekutanga Simba - Simudza
The Phenomenon of Lift
Simudza ndiro ibwe repakona rekubhururuka, simba rinopesana negiravhiti uye rinosunda ndege kuenda mudenga. Iyo inogadzirwa nekufamba kwendege kuburikidza nemhepo, kunyanya nemusiyano wekumanikidzwa wakagadzirwa pamativi akasiyana e mapapiro endege. Chimiro chebapiro, nechimiro chayo chakasiyana, chinobvumira kusiyana uku mukudzvinyirira, zvichiita kuti kusimudza kugoneke. Kunzwisisa kusimudza kunosanganisira kunyura mukati nheyo dzeaerodynamics, munda unoongorora kuti mweya unodyidzana sei nezvinhu zvinofamba.
Basa reWing Design
Magadzirirwo emapapiro endege anoita basa rakakosha pakusimudza. Mapapiro akaumbwa kuti ave nepamusoro pepamusoro pepamusoro uye nepasi rakati chechetere, gadziriro inozivikanwa se airfoil. Ichi chimiro chinofambisa kukurumidza kuyerera kwemhepo pamusoro, kusika nzvimbo yakaderera yekumanikidza kana ichienzaniswa nepasi pebapiro. Musiyano wepressure unounza simba rinokwira kumusoro - kusimudza. Mainjiniya vanogadzira zvine hungwaru mapapiro kuti akwidzise kusimudza, tichifunga zvinhu zvakaita sehukuru, chimiro, uye kona yekurwisa (iyo kona iri pakati pebapiro nemhepo iri kuuya).
Kudzora Kunodzorwa Sei
Vatyairi vendege vane kugona kudzora uye kushandura kusimudza kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana. Kugadzirisa kona yekurwisa, kushandura kumhanya kwendege, uye kushandisa michina yakaita semaflaps uye slats pamapapiro ese inzira dzekuchinja huwandu hwekusimudza hunogadzirwa. Kugadziridzwa uku kwakakosha panguva dzakasiyana siyana dzekubhururuka, senge kusimuka, kufamba nechikepe, uye kumhara, zvichibvumira kufamba kwakanaka uye kwakachengeteka kwendege.
Mauto mana Endege: Kuongorora Yechipiri Simba - Gravity
Kudhonza Kusingadzivisiki
Simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, iro simba rinokwevera zvinhu zvose pakati pePasi, rinoita basa rinokosha pakubhururuka. Inoita seyakasikwa counterforce kusimudza, ichigara ichikwevera ndege pasi. Kunzwisisa uye kutonga simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi kwakakosha kune vatyairi vendege, sezvo zvichipesvedzera urefu hwendege uye kugadzikana. Kukweva kwegiravhiti chinhu chinogara chiripo, zvichiita kuti rive simba rinofanotaurwa rinogona kuverengerwa mukati kuronga nekushanda kwendege.
Kuenzana Pakati Pekusimudza neGravity
Kuwana kutiza ibasa rekuenzanisa pakati pekusimudza negiravhiti. Kuti ndege ikwire, kusimudza kunofanira kudarika simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi; kudzika, simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinofanira kubvumirwa kukunda kusimudza. Kudzikama uku ndiko kunoita kuti ndege dzikwanise kusimuka, kufamba pakakwirira, uye kumhara. Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kuva neunyanzvi pakudzora chiyero ichi, vachishandisa ruzivo rwavo uye zvidzoreso zvendege kuti vadzore masimba ari kutamba.
The Impact of Weight
Mhedzisiro yegiravhiti pandege inopesvedzerwa zvakananga nehuremu hwayo. Ndege inorema inoda kusimudzwa kuti ikunde simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, iro rinogona kuwanikwa nekuwedzera kumhanya, kugadzirisa kona yekurwisa, kana zvese zviri zviviri. Kufunga nezvehuremu kwakakosha panguva yekuronga ndege, zvichikanganisa kuverenga kwemafuta, kusimuka uye nzira dzekumhara, uye kuita kwese kwendege. Vatyairi vendege nevatyairi vendege vanoverenga zvine huremu uye vatore huremu kuti vave nechokwadi chekuchengetedza nekubudirira mumashandiro endege.
Mauto mana Endege: The Third Force Thrust Inotsanangurwa
Kugadzira Forward Motion
Thrust isimba rinoendesa ndege mberi, kukunda kusamira kwemhepo uye kuibvumira kugadzira kusimudza. Injini, ingave jeti kana propeller-inotyairwa, ine basa rekugadzira kusundira. Nekudzinga hukuru munzira imwe, injini dzinofambisa ndege kune rimwe divi, musimboti wakaputirwa ne Mutemo wechitatu waNewton wekufamba. Kunzwisisa kuti injini dzinogadzira sei kukurudzira kwakakosha pakubata kuomarara kwesimba rendege.
Basa reInjini
Injini ndidzo moyo wegadziriro yekufambisa kwendege, yakagadzirwa kuti iunze kusunda kwakanyanya nekugona uye nekuvimbika. Injini dzejeti, semuenzaniso, dzinosveta mumhepo, dzichiimanikidza, dzinoisanganisa nemafuta, uye dzinopisa musanganiswa, dzichidzinga magasi anopisa kumashure uye dzichiendesa ndege mberi. Injini dzezviputi dzinoshanda nekutenderera mashizha anosundira mweya kumashure, achigadzira kufamba kumberi. Dhizaini uye mashandiro einjini inzvimbo dzakakosha dzekufunda kune chero munhu ane chekuita nendege.
Kudzora uye Kugadzirisa Kusundira
Vatyairi vendege vanodzora kufambisa kwendege, vachigadzirisa kubuda kwesimba reinjini. Kubata zvekusundira kwakakosha pazvinhanho zvakasiyana-siyana zvekubhururuka, kubva pakusundidzira kune simba kunodiwa kuti usimuke kusvika kune kwakadzikira kunodiwa kuti umhare zvakanaka. Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kunzwisisa nzira yekudzikamisa kusunda nemamwe masimba ekubhururuka, vachiva nechokwadi chekubhururuka nekuchengetedzeka.
Mauto mana Endege: Kuputsa Simba rechina - Dhonza
Kuramba Kutiza
Kuzvuzvurudza isimba remhepo rinopikisa kufamba kwendege nemumhepo, rudzi rwekukwesha kunofanira kukundwa kuti irambe ichibhururuka. Kune marudzi maviri makuru ekudhonza: parasitic drag, iyo inosanganisira fomu yekukweva, ganda friction, uye kukanganisa kudhonza; uye induced drag, iyo inoenderana nekugadzirwa kwekusimudza. Kunzwisisa marudzi ese ari maviri kwakakosha pakugadzirisa mashandiro uye kushanda kwemafuta.
Dhizaini Yendege Inoderedza sei kudhonza
Vagadziri vendege vanoenda kune hurefu hwakakura kuderedza kudhonza, kushandisa akapfava, aerodynamic maumbirwo anoderedza kuramba. Zvinhu zvose kubva pakutsvedzerera kwepamusoro pendege kusvika kuchimiro chemapapiro ayo nemuviri zvinokwenenzverwa kuti zvidimbure mhepo zvakanaka. Zvishandiso zvepamberi uye matekinoroji anoshandiswawo kudzikisa kudhonza, senge akakosha machira uye mapapiro etip zvishandiso senge winglets, izvo zvinoderedza vortices inowedzera kudhonza.
Pilot Strategies yekudzikisa kudhonza
Kuderedza kudhonza chinhu chakakosha kufunga kune vatyairi vane chinangwa chekusimudzira kuita kwendege uye kugona. Vanoshandisa nzira dzinoverengeka dzinoshanda kudzikisira simba rinopikisa iri panguva dzakasiyana dzekubhururuka. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeyekugadzirisa kukwira kwechikepe, kutora mukana wekuderedzwa kwemweya wemhepo panzvimbo dzakakwirira uko kudhonza kwakadzikira. Izvi zvinobvumira ndege kuti iwane kumhanya kukuru uye zvirinani hupfumi hwemafuta.
Pamusoro pazvo, vatyairi vendege vanongwarira magadzirirwo endege, vachinyatso dzosera kumhara giya uye inoputika mushure mekusimuka kuti igadzirise iyo aerodynamic profile. Vasati vasimuka nendege, vanonyatsoronga nzira dzekuti vadzivise nzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka, akadai semhepo ine simba kana kushungurudzika, iyo inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kudhonza. Nekushingairira kutonga zvinhu izvi, vatyairi vendege vanogona kutora hunyanzvi hwekuita kubva mundege yavo uku vachideredza kushandiswa kwemafuta uye mari yekushandisa.
Mafambisiro Anoita Mutyairi Wendege
Kugona kwemutyairi wendege kutonga zvine hunyanzvi masimba mana ekubhururuka - kusimudza, uremu, kukanda, uye kudhonza - ndiwo magumo ekudzidziswa kwakasimba uye ruzivo. Panguva yekusimuka uye kukwira, vanonyatso gadzirisa kumhanyisa uye maitiro kuti vavake kusimudza kwakakwana kukunda uremu nekukweva.
Mukufamba, vanochekerera ndege kuti iwane kuenzana uko kusimudza kwakaenzana nehuremu uku kukwevera zviverengero. Descents uye kumhara kunoda deft manipulation of pitch, flap settings, uye simba rekudzora kusimuka kwekusimudza uye kubuda kweropa. Kwese, vatyairi vendege vanoramba vakangwarira kushandura mamiriro ekunze, kugadzirisa zvinopinda zvekudzora kurwisa mhepo inovhuvhuta yemusoro, mamhepo emuswe, kuwanda kwemhepo, uye mhirizhonga inogona kumisa kudzikama kwesimba iri.
Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemutyairi wendege kunoturikira kugadziridzwa chaiko kwekona yekurwiswa, kutsvaira kwenzvimbo yekudzora, uye throttle inputs - inoenderera ichironga yezvinopinza kuwiriranisa kudyidzana kwemauto uye kuona kugadzikana, kubhururuka kwakanaka mumatunhu ese.
Basa reMauto mana ekubhururuka mumatanho akasiyana ekubhururuka
Panguva yekusimuka, kusunda uye kusimudza ndiwo masimba makuru evatyairi vendege vanofanira kutonga. Thrust inotangwa yakawedzerwa kukunda kudhonza nekumhanyisa ndege pasi munzira. Sezvo kukurumidza kwemhepo kunowedzera, kusimudza zvishoma nezvishoma kunovaka kusvikira pakupedzisira kudarika uremu, zvichibvumira ndege kuti ive mhepo. Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kunyatso tarisa uye kudzoreredza kukwirira kwemhuno kuti vasimudze vhiri remhuno, vachitenderedza mapapiro kune yakaringana kona yekurwisa yekukwira kuita. Kunyanya kudzika kana kukwidza kwekona yekukwira kunogona kukanganisa kuchengeteka.
Pane imwe nguva pakukwirira kwechikepe, Mauto mana Endege anopinda muhutete hwakatsetseka. Kusundirwa kunodzikiswa kusvika pahushoma hunodiwa kupikisa kukweva uchichengetedza urefu. Simudza zvakaenzana nehuremu, zvichibvumira kubhururuka kwakaenzana. Nekudaro, iyi stalemate haina kusimba - chero kuvhiringika kwemuchadenga senge mhirizhonga kana mhepo inoshanduka inoda deft kudzora mapimendi kuti aenzanise masimba. Panguva yekudzika nekumhara, kudhonza nekusimudza kunodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kuburikidza neungwaru kukwirira uye magadzirirwo ekuchinja sekusundirwa kunodzokera kuderera. Kunyatso gadzirisa kupindirana kunodzivirira zvitoro, overshoots kana mazinga akawandisa ekudzika.
Kudyidzana kweMauto mana ekubhururuka mukubhururuka nendege
Iwo masimba mana ekubhururuka - kusimudza, uremu, kukanda, uye kudhonza - akabatana zvisingaite, uye shanduko mune imwe inokanganisa dzimwe. Kudyidzana uku kunoda kugara uchitungamirirwa nevatyairi vendege kuti vachengetedze kubhururuka kunodzorwa. Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera kushuva kuwana airspeed inosimudzawo kukweva, inoda kugadziridzwa kusimudza kuburikidza nepitch shanduko kudzivirira kurasikirwa nekukwirira. Sezvineiwo, kubhenga ndege kuita shanduko kunowedzera kusimudza kune rimwe bapiro ichidzikisira kune rimwe, kuunza roll iyo inofanirwa kuverengerwa neyakatarisana neaileron input.
Kuziva kupindirana kunosanganisira kuziva kuti simba rega rega rinopindura sei kune zvinoiswa mutyairi uye mamiriro ekunze senge density yemhepo, mhepo, gadziriro yendege, uye kurodha. Pitch, bhangi, simba, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinofanirwa kunyatso gadziridzwa mukonti kuti zvizadzise zvinangwa zvekuita. Yakawandisa kana kushoma pane chero ipi zvayo yekuisa inogona kukurumidza kuwanda mukati memauto, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kumatashi, spins, kana kurasikirwa kwekutonga. Nekunzwisisa zvakadzama uku kurongeka kwemauto, vatyairi vendege vanogona kuchinjika kune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, vachiona shanduko yakatsetseka pakati pekukwira, rwendo, kudzika, uye kumhara zvikamu zvekubhururuka.
Kudzidzira Kuva Mutyairi Wendege: Kubata Masimba mana
Hwaro hwekuziva masimba mana ekubhururuka - kusimudza, uremu, kukanda, uye kudhonza - inotangira pa zvikoro zvekubhururuka. Pano, vatyairi vechikoro vanogashira dzidziso yekirasi yakazara pamusoro pemisimboti yeaerodynamic, masisitimu endege, uye hukama hwakaoma pakati pemasimba aya. Vanodzidza kuverenga uye kushandisa masimba masimba kuburikidza nekufamba kunodzorwa kwezvinodzora ndege, izvo zvinozoita kuti vakwanise kutungamira mafambiro endege.
Nepo ruzivo rwe theoretical ruchipa hwaro, kudzidziswa kwakawanda kunoshanda kwakakosha zvakaenzana. Kuzvikoro zvekubhururuka kwendege, vadzidzi vanotanga nemafambisirwo ezvikepe mundege diki dzekudzidzira vachitungamirirwa netarisiro yevarairidzi vane zvitupa. Sezvo hunyanzvi hunowedzera, vanofambira mberi kune dzimwe ndege dzakaoma uye mamiriro, vachikudza kugona kwavo kuchengetedza kutonga chaiko pamusoro pemasimba mana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekubhururuka, mamiriro ekunze, uye emergency. Maawa asingaverengeki echiitiko anowedzerwa kukudziridza yakakosha tsandanyama ndangariro uye kupatsanura-yechipiri-yechipiri hunyanzvi hwekuita sarudzo.
Flight chikoro like the Florida Flyers Flight Academy inoisa hwaro hwakakosha, asi rwendo rwekuva mutyairi wendege akanyatsogona runosvika kure kupfuura chitupa chekutanga. Vachangoburwa vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekuvaka ruzivo uye kugara vachiziva zvirikuitika mirau, maitiro uye matekinoroji kuburikidza nekudzidziswa kunodzokororwa. Kupfuura zvose, ivo vanofanira kukudziridza ruremekedzo rukuru nokuda kwamasimba mana, vachiziva kuti kupera kwechinguvana kunogona kuva nemigumisiro ine ngwavaira. Kuziva masimba aya kunoda kuzvipira kweupenyu hwese pakudzidza, kunyatsoita uye kusvinurira kusingazungunuke mumatenga anogara achichinja.
mhedziso
Iwo mana Masimba Endege ndiwo misimboti yakakosha inoita kuti kubhururuka kwendege kugoneke, kutonga mashandiro uye kugona kwendege. Kubva pachizvarwa chekusimudza kusvika pakutonga kwesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, kurovera, uye kukweva, masimba aya anodyidzana nenzira dzakaoma kutiza. Kunzwisisa uye kugona misimboti iyi kwakakosha kune vatyairi vendege, mainjiniya, uye vanofarira zvendege zvakafanana, zvichipa kukoshesa kwakadzama kwekushamisa kwekubhururuka. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi uye kunzwisisa kwedu kweaerodynamics kunowedzera, kuenderera mberi kwekuongorora kwemauto aya kuchasimudzira ramangwana rendege kune hurefu hutsva.
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve Private Pilot Ground School Course.
