Nzvimbo yendege yeClass C inzvimbo inodzorwa inotenderedza nhandare dzendege dzakabatikana muUnited States. Iripo kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kufamba kwendege kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Mugwaro iri, muchadzidza marongerwo enzvimbo yendege yeClass C, zvinodiwa pakupinda, kutaurirana kweATC, zvinodiwa pamidziyo, zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa nevatyairi vendege, uye kuti inoenzaniswa sei nedzimwe nzvimbo dzendege.
Zviri Mukati
Mutyairi wese wendege anoyeuka kekutanga pavakabhururuka pedyo nenhandare yendege yakabatikana. Redhiyo iri kushanda, traffic iri kwese kwese, uye kufamba kamwe chete zvisiri izvo kunogona kukonzera kutyorwa kwemutemo wemuchadenga izvo zvinoisa chitupa chako panjodzi. Muchadenga weClass C unoda kuti unyatsoteerera usati wasvika pedyo nemuganhu.
Nzvimbo yendege yeClass C ndeimwe yenzvimbo nhanhatu dze controlled airspace Nzvimbo dzendege dzekutengeserana dzakabatikana muUnited States. Ndiko uko mafambiro endege dzekutengeserana nendege dzendege dzinogara pamwe chete, neAir Traffic Control vachitarisira ndege dzese kuti dzirambe dzakachengeteka uye dzakarongeka.
Gwaro iri rinopa zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvenzvimbo yendege yeClass C. Uchadzidza kuti yakarongwa sei, michina yaunoda, maitiro ekutaurirana neATC, mitemo yekupinda nekubuda, zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa nevatyairi vendege, uye kuti Chikamu C chinoenzaniswa sei nedzimwe nzvimbo dzendege dzinodzorwa.
Chii chinonzi Class C Airspace?
Nzvimbo yendege yeClass C inzvimbo inodzorwa yakakomberedza nhandare dzendege dzakabatikana muUnited States, yakagadzirirwa kutarisira mafambiro endege dzekutengeserana nedzemuchadenga. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inoti nhandare yendege ndiyo Kirasi C kana iine vanhu vakawanda vanofamba nendege uye inoda kudzorwa neradar kuti ive yakachengeteka.
Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yendege yeClass B yakakomberedza nzvimbo dzendege dzakabatikana zvikuru sedzemuAtlanta neChicago, ine mitemo yakaoma yekupinda, Chikamu C chiri pasi zvishoma. Inoshanda kunhandare dzendege dzine vanhu vakawanda uye ine nzira shoma dzekupinda, kunyange zvazvo dzichiri kukosha.
Nzvimbo yemuchadenga yeClass C yakaita sekeke remuchato rakaiswa pasi, rine zvikamu zviviri. Denderedzwa remukati rinotambanuka makiromita mashanu egungwa kubva panhandare yendege, kubva pamusoro kusvika pamamita 4,000 kubva pakakwirira penhandare yendege. Chikamu chekunze chinotangira pamakiromita mashanu kusvika kugumi egungwa, chinotanga pamakiromita 1,200 uye chinokwira kusvika pamamita 4,000.
Kunzwisisa marongerwo akaitwa zvikamu zviviri izvi kunokubatsira kuziva kuti uri kupi chaizvo uye zvinotarisirwa kwauri pakukwirira kwese.
Maumbirwo eNzvimbo yeNdege yeClass C
Nzvimbo iyi yendege ine zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvakakomberedza nhandare huru yendege, yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza huwandu hwevanhu vakawanda uye kuona kuti mabasa akachengeteka.
Inner Core: Chikamu chemukati chinotambanuka makiromita mashanu egungwa kubva panhandare yendege, kubva pamusoro kusvika pamamita 4,000 kubva panzvimbo yakakwirira yenhandare yendege. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda iyo ATC inonyanya kushanda, ichitarisira kufamba kwendege dzinosvika nedzinobuda kuburikidza nekutevera radar uye kutaurirana zvakananga.
Sherufu Yekunze: Chikamu chekunze chinotenderera makiromita mashanu kusvika gumi egungwa, chinotanga pamakiromita 1,200 uye chinosvika mamita 4,000. Vatyairi vendege vanobhururuka munzvimbo iyi, kunyangwe vasina kumhara panhandare huru yendege, vanofanira kunge vachizadzisa zvese zvinodiwa kuti vapinde muClass C.
Kudzora TRACON
FAA inoshandisa TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach Control) kuti itarisire kufamba kwese kwendege dziri munzvimbo yemuchadenga yeClass C. TRACON inotevedza ndege dzinosvika nedzinobuda, ichichengetedza kuzivikanwa kweradar uye kutaurirana pakati penzvimbo mbiri idzi kuchengetedza daro rakachengeteka pakati pendege nguva dzese. Kuziva kuti nzvimbo iyi yemuchadenga yakarongwa sei ndiyo danho rekutanga, kuziva zvaunoda kuti upinde mairi ndicho chinotevera.
Zvinodiwa zvekupinda muClass C Airspace
Vasati vapinda muchadenga ichi, vatyairi vendege vanofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvitatu zvakakosha zveFAA. Kukundikana kutevedzera chero chimwe cheizvi kunogona kukonzera kutyorwa kwemitemo uye kurangwa.
- Gadzira kutaurirana kweredhiyo nenzira mbiri neATC
- ATC inofanira kubvuma ndege yako nechiratidzo chekufona
- Transponder yeMode C inofanira kunge ichishanda uye ichiridza kodhi chaiyo
Kukurukurirana-nzira mbiri Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kutanga Nheyo dzekutanga dzekutaurirana neATC usati wayambuka kupinda muchadenga cheClass C. Izvi zvinoita kuti ATC ikwanise kutevera nekutarisira nzvimbo yendege nguva dzese.
Kutenda kweATC Kana kutaurirana kwangosimbiswa, ATC inofanira kubvuma chiratidzo chekufona chemutyairi wendege. nzira yekutaura nevanodzora traffic yendege inokubatsira kunzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi kubvuma. "Standby" iri nyore inosimbisa mvumo yekupinda.
Transponder yeMode C Transponder yeMode C inofanira kunge ichishanda uye ichitumira kodhi chaiyo. Izvi zvinobvumira ATC kutevedzera nzvimbo yendege uye kukwirira kwayo munzvimbo yemuchadenga.
Kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekupinda mundege iyi chikamu chemufananidzo, mamiriro ekunze pazuva rerwendo rwenyu rwendege ane basa rakafanana.
Zvishoma zveMamiriro ekunze
Kubhururuka pedyo nemakore usingaonekwe zvakanaka kwakafanana nekutyaira nepakati pemhute yakakora mumugwagwa mukuru. Mamiriro ekunze akaderera akagadzirirwa kupa vatyairi veVFR nzvimbo yakakwana yekuona kuti vangaita sei uye kudzivirira dzimwe ndege dziri munzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda.
- Kuonekwa kushoma kwendege kwemaira matatu emutemo
- 500 tsoka pasi pemakore
- Mamita 1,000 pamusoro pemakore
- Chinhambwe chemakiromita 2,000 kubva kumakore
Zvinodiwa zvekuonekwa Kuti vatyairi vendege vabhururuke neVFR vari muchadenga, vanofanira kuona zviri nyore makiromita matatu. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nenzvimbo yakakwana yekuona nekudzivirira dzimwe mota.
Cloud Clearance Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kugara vari pasi pemakore mamita 1,000, uye 2,000, vakatarisa kubva mumakore mamita 500. Madaro aya anopa dziviriro yakachengeteka kudzivirira kurovera kusina kurongeka.
Njodzi Yekusateerera Mutemo Kubhururuka pazasi VFR mamiriro ekunze mashoma Munzvimbo yendege yeClass C isina mvumo yeIFR haisi kungoita kutyora mutemo chete asiwo ine njodzi huru nekuda kwekuwanda kwemotokari. Gara uine chokwadi chekuti mamiriro ekunze anosangana nezvinodiwa usati wapinda. Kusangana nemamiriro ekunze akaderera kunoita kuti ugare uri pamutemo, kuva nemidziyo yakakodzera mundege kunoita kuti urambe uchionekwa.
Zvishandiso Zvinodikanwa
Kubhururuka mundege yeClass C usina michina yakakodzera kwakafanana nachiremba wepfungwa achipinda mukamuri rekuvhiyira asina kugadzirira. Kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vatyairi vendege vakachengeteka uye vane kutaurirana kwakanaka, vanofanira kunge vaine michina yakakodzera yekushanda mune imwe yenzvimbo dzendege dzine vanhu vakawanda.
- Nzira mbiri-redhiyo
- Transponder yeMode C
- ADS-B Kunze
Redhiyo yeNzira mbiri
Redhiyo ine nzira mbiri yakakosha pakutaurirana neATC. Pasina iyo, vatyairi vendege havagone kuwana nzira inodiwa yekupinda mundege yeClass C zviri pamutemo. Gara uchisimbisa yako midziyo yendege nemasisitimu vari kushanda nemazvo ndege imwe neimwe isati yabhururuka.
Transponder yeMode C
Chinotenderera cheMode C chinoburitsa ruzivo rwekukwira nekuzivikanwa kuATC panguva chaiyo. Izvi zvinobvumira vanodzora mafambiro endege kuti vatevere nzvimbo yako uye varambe vakaparadzana nedzimwe ndege dziri munzvimbo yeClass C.
ADS-B Kunze
ADS-B Out inowedzera kuona kwendege yako nekutumira data rakarurama renzvimbo kuATC nedzimwe ndege dzine michina. Zvinodiwa munzvimbo yendege yeClass C kubvira muna Ndira 2020, inoshanda pamwe chete neMode C transponder kuti ipe mufananidzo wakazara wetraffic yese. Nemichina yakakodzera iri mundege, danho rinotevera kuziva nzira yekuziva nzvimbo yendege yeClass C usati watobuda pasi.
Nzira yekuziva Kirasi C Airspace pamachati
Usati wabhururuka pedyo nenhandare yendege ine vanhu vakawanda, zvakakosha kuziva kuti ungaona sei nzvimbo yendege yeClass C pachati yechikamu. Kukundikana kuita izvi panguva yekuronga ndege isati yabhururuka kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa nzvimbo yendege nekukurumidza.
Nzvimbo yemuchadenga yeClass C inomiririrwa pamachati ezvikamu nemadenderedzwa machena akakomberedza nhandare yendege huru. Madenderedzwa aya anoratidza zvikamu zviviri zvenzvimbo yemuchadenga: mukati memukati nesherufu yekunze. Anokwezvwa kuti aenzane nechiratidzo chenhandare yendege.
Zvekutarisira
- Mitsetse yemagenta yakasimba inoratidza miganhu yeClass C
- Madenderedzwa maviri akaenzana anomiririra sherufu yemukati nesherufu yekunze
- Nhamba dzekukwirira dzakaratidzwa muMSL dzinoratidza pasi nedenga rechikamu chimwe nechimwe
- Nhandare huru yendege yakanyorwa pakati nechiratidzo cheshongwe yekudzora
Nhamba dziri mukati kana pedyo nedenderedzwa remagenta dzinoratidza uriri hwepasi nedenga renzvimbo yega yega yemhepo mumazana emamita MSL. Semuenzaniso, chinyorwa che "40/SFC" chinoreva kuti nzvimbo yemhepo inotambanuka kubva pamusoro kusvika pamamita 4,000. Chinyorwa chekunze chesherufu che "40/12" chinoreva kubva pamamita 1,200 kusvika pamamita 4,000.
Kujairana nazvo machati ezvikamu akatsanangurwa Kurongwa kwendege neFAA kwakakosha pakuronga ndege isati yabhururuka zvakanaka kana uchishanda munzvimbo yendege yeClass C kana pedyo nayo. Kuziva miganhu iri pachati ingori kutanga, kuziva zvekudzivisa kana wapinda mukati kwakakoshawo.
Zvakajairika Kukanganisa Vatyairi Vanogadzira muKirasi C Airspace
Kunyangwe vatyairi vendege vane ruzivo vanogona kuita zvikanganiso zvinodzivisika munzvimbo yendege yeClass C. Kuziva zvikanganiso izvi zvakajairika pachine nguva ndicho chinhu chikuru chekudzivirira kutyorwa kwemitemo uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti ndege inobhururuka zvakanaka.
1. Kupinda Pasina Kugadzira Kutaurirana Kwenzira Dzose
Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika ndechekupinda mudenga reClass C pasina kutanga watanga kutaurirana neATC. Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kugamuchira chiratidzo chekufona kwavo vasati vayambuka muganhu. Kungofungidzira kuti ATC yakakunzwa usina mhinduro yakananga hazvigamuchirwi uye zvinogona kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa.
2. Kusanzwisisa Mhinduro dzeATC
Vatyairi vazhinji vanovhiringidza mhinduro yeATC yekuti "standby" nekurambidzwa kwemvumo. "Standby" inosimbisa kuti kutaurirana kwavepo, uye kupinda kunobvumidzwa. Kusiyana neizvi, "ramba uri kure neClass C" zvinoreva kuti hauna mvumo yekupinda. Kunzwisisa musiyano kunogona kudzivirira kutyorwa kwemitemo uye kunonoka kusingakoshi.
3. Kusateerera Maumbirwo Enzvimbo Yakakwirira
Nzvimbo yemuchadenga yeClass C ine pasi nemasiringi chaiwo ekukwirira kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Vatyairi vendege vanokundikana kudzidza chati yechikamu vanogona kuzviwana vari panzvimbo isiriyo yekukwirira munzvimbo yacho. Gara uchiverenga mabasa ekukwirira uye chengetedza zvakanyatsonaka kunze kwekunge ATC yabvumidza shanduko.
4. Kukundikana Kutevedzera Zvinorambidzwa Kumhanya
Kumhanya kwakanyanya kunobvumirwa munzvimbo yendege yeClass C i200 knots pasi pe2,500 feet uye mukati memakiromita mana egungwa kubva panhandare huru yendege. Kupfuura muganho uyu kunoonekwa zviri nyore neATC radar uye kunogona kutungamira mukutsauka kwemutyairi wendege uye chiito chetifiketi.
5. Kusasangana neZvishoma zveMamiriro ekunze
Vamwe vatyairi vendege vanopinda mudenga reClass C vasina kuona kuti vanosangana nezvinodiwa neVFR, kusanganisira kuonekwa kwemaira matatu emutemo uye kubviswa kwegore kunodiwa. Gara uchiongorora mamiriro ekunze panguva yekuronga rwendo rwendege usati waenda, uye gadzirira kugara kure kana mamiriro ekunze akawedzera kuipa.
Kudzivisa zvikanganiso izvi kunoita kuti rekodhi yako irambe yakachena uye kuti ndege dzako dzirambe dziri dzehunyanzvi. Kunzwisisa mitemo yenzvimbo yendege yeClass C kwakakosha, asi kuziva nzira yekufamba nayo munzvimbo yendege yakaipoteredza kwakakoshawo.
Kirasi C vs Imwe Nzvimbo Yemhepo
Haasi ese mamhepo anodzorwa anoshanda nenzira imwe chete. Kirasi yega yega ine mitemo yayo, zvinodiwa kuti munhu apinde, uye maumbirwo ekukwirira. Kunzwisisa kuti Kirasi C iri papi mukati mehurongwa hwemhepo hwakakura kunobatsira vatyairi vendege kuita sarudzo dziri nani panguva yekuronga ndege nekushanda kwayo.
Heino kuenzanisa kwakananga kwenzvimbo yendege yeClass B, Class C, uye Class D:
| mamiriro | Class B | Kirasi C | Chikoro D |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nzvimbo dzakakomberedza | Nhandare dzendege dzakabatikana zvikuru (semuenzaniso Atlanta, Chicago) | Nhandare dzendege dzine vanhu vakawanda | Nhandare diki dzendege dzine shongwe dzekudzora |
| Kubviswa kweATC | Kubvumidzwa kwakajeka kunodiwa | Kutaurirana kwemativi maviri kunodiwa | Kutaurirana kwemativi maviri kunodiwa |
| transponder | Mode C inodiwa | Mode C inodiwa | Kwete |
| ADS-B Kunze | kunodiwa | kunodiwa | Kwete |
| Speed Limit | Mapfundo mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu pasi pe10,000 ft | Mapfundo mazana maviri pasi pe2,500 ft mukati me4NM | Mapfundo mazana maviri pasi pe2,500 ft mukati me4NM |
| Kuonekwa Kushoma | 3 mutemo mamaira | 3 mutemo mamaira | 3 mutemo mamaira |
| Maumbirwo eKukwira | Matanda akawanda, anosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo | Sherufu yemukati neyekunze | Surface kusvika 2,500 ft AGL |
Kunzwisisa kusiyana kwakaita Kirasi C nenzvimbo yemhepo yakaipoteredza kunoita kuti zvinhu zvose zvienderane nemamiriro ezvinhu. Iye zvino ngatitarisei mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nevatyairi vendege nezvenzvimbo yemhepo yeKirasi C.
Chii Chinoitika Paunenge Uchipinda Mukirasi C?
Kunzwisisa mitemo kwakakosha, asi kuziva kuti inoitika sei panguva chaiyo kwakakosha. Heino mamiriro ezvinhu nhanho nhanho anoratidza kuti kupinda kweClass C kwakajairika kubva mucockpit kunotaridzika sei.
The Setup
Uri kubhururuka nendege yeCessna 172, makiromita gumi kumaodzanyemba kweTampa International Airport. Mamiriro ekunze akanaka, michina yako iri kushanda zvakanaka, uye watotarisa ATIS (Alpha) kuti uwane ruzivo rwechizvino-zvino. Unotora frequency yeTampa Approach pachati yako yechikamu wogadzirira kupinda kwako.
Danho 1: Tanga Kutaurirana
Unokiya maikorofoni wobva wafona, “Tampa Approach, Cessna 12345, makiromita gumi kumaodzanyemba pamakiromita 3,500, wobva wapinda kuti usvike neAlpha.”
Danho rechipiri: ATC Inopindura
Tampa Approach inopindura ichiti, “Cessna 12345, Tampa Approach, radar contact. Dzika wochengeta 2,500 feet, tarisira runway 19R.” Unoverenga zvakare mirairo: “Dzika wochengetedza 2,500 feet, runway 19R, Cessna 12345.” Kutaurirana kwava pachena, uye wabvumirwa kupinda muClass C airspace.
Danho rechitatu: Ko kana ATC ikasapindura?
Unofona, asi hapana mhinduro. Unomirira kwemaminitsi mashoma woedza zvakare. Hapana chiripo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, haufanirwe kupinda mudenga reClass C. Ramba uri kunze kwemuganhu uye ramba uchiedza kusvika kuATC. Usambofa wakafunga kuti ATC yakunzwa - kuramba wakasununguka kwakakosha kusvika kutaurirana kwasimbiswa.
Danho rechina: Pinda uye Tevedzera
Kana ATC yangopindura uye wava mukati meClass C airspace, tevera mirayiridzo yekukwirira uye yekuenda kwairi nemazvo. Ramba uchitarisa mafambiro ekufamba kwairi uye pindura nekukurumidza kune ese mirairo yeATC. Usaite shanduko pakukwira kwako kana kuenda kwauri pasina kujekeswa zvakajeka.
Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwekutaurirana chaiko kwauchaita panguva yako yekutaurirana. chirongwa chekudzidzisa vadzidzi kuti vatyairi vendege kare kare usati wasvika pamuganhu weClass C wega. Uine mufananidzo iwoyo mupfungwa, hezvino zvese zvaunoda kutora kubva mubhuku rino.
Wakagadzirira Kubhururuka neNdege yeClass C here?
Nzvimbo yendege yeClass C haifanirwe kutyisa. Neruzivo rwakakodzera, zvishandiso, uye hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, kufamba nendege dzakabatikana kunova kuwedzera kwehunyanzvi hwako hwekudhiraivha ndege.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
- Ziva miganhu yenzvimbo dzemuchadenga usati wabhururuka
- Gadzirira kutaurirana kwemativi maviri usati wapinda muKirasi C
- Gara uchitakura redhiyo yako, Mode C transponder, uye ADS-B kunze
- Sangana nezvinodiwa zveVFR mamiriro ekunze uye ongorora chati yako yezvikamu panguva yekuronga rwendo rwendege usati waenda.
Ungave uri kushanda pagwaro rako rekutanga kana kuti uchigadzira maawa ebasa rehunyanzvi, kugona kudzidzira Class C airspace chinhu chakakosha. Kana uchiri kutsvaga pekutangira, tanga nekunzwisisa ungava mutyairi wendege uye uvake hwaro hwako kubva ipapo.
Denga riri pamusoro penhandare dzendege dzakabatikana rinopa dzimwe dzenzvimbo dzinoshanda zvikuru dzekubhururuka dzinogona kuitirwa nemutyairi wendege. Nekudzidziswa kwakakodzera uye kugadzirira, uchava wakagadzirira chero nzvimbo yekubhururuka, kuchinja mafrequency, kana nzira yekusvika. Tanga rwendo rwako nhasi ne kudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege muUSA uye shandisa zvese zvawakadzidza.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa NezveKirasi C Airspace
Ndinoda here chitupa chekutyaira ndege kuti ndipinde mundege yeClass C?
Kwete, haudi chitupa chekutyaira ndege chakakosha kuti upinde mundege yeClass C. Chero mutyairi wendege ane chitupa chekutyaira ndege anokwanisa kupinda chero bedzi aine michina yendege inodiwa uye achitanga kutaurirana neredhiyo neATC vasati vapinda.
Chii chinoitika kana ndikanzwa "standby" kubva kuATC pachinzvimbo chekuburitsa pachena mvumo?
Kunzwa "standby" pamwe chete nechiratidzo chekufona kubva kuATC zvinoreva kutaurirana kweredhiyo nenzira mbiri pasi pemitemo yeFAA, uye unobvumirwa kupinda. Unofanira kuramba uchitevedzera chero mirairo inotevera uye kuramba uchitaurirana pane frequency yakatarwa.
Ndingabhururuka nendege yeClass C ndisina kumhara panhandare huru yendege here?
Ehe, unogona kuchinja nepakati penzvimbo yendege yeClass C nekutaura zvakajeka kuti "shanduko" kana kuti "VFR flythrough" panguva yekutanga yekubata. ATC ichapa mabasa ekufambisa nekukwirira kuti ugare wakaparadzana nemotokari panhandare huru yendege.
Ndezvipi zvishandiso zvinodiwa kuti munhu ashande mundege yeClass C?
Unofanira kunge uine redhiyo inoshanda nenzira mbiri, Mode C transponder ine altitude encoding, uye ADS-B Out equipment. Kana michina yese mitatu ikashanda, haugone kupinda kana kushanda zviri pamutemo munzvimbo yeClass C airspace.
Ndeipi nguva shoma yeVFR yemhepo yeClass C?
Zviyero zveVFR zveClass C airspace zvinoonekwa nemakiromita matatu uye hazvina makore. Unofanira kuchengetedza izvi zvishoma munguva yako yese uri muairspace kana kuwana mvumo yeIFR kana mamiriro ezvinhu akaderera pasi pezvinodiwa neVFR.
