Zvikamu zveNdege uye Basa Radzo
Kunzwisisa kwakasiyana-siyana zvikamu zvendege kwakakosha kune vatyairi vendege nevanofarira zvendege zvakafanana. Chimwe nechimwe chikamu chinoita basa rakakosha mukuona kuti ndege yakachengeteka uye inobudirira. Kunyangwe iwe uri mutyairi wendege kana kuti uchangotanga rwendo rwako rwendege, kuve neruzivo rwakakwana rweizvi zvikamu zveaeronautical kwakakosha pakuziva hunyanzvi hwekubhururuka.
Zvikamu zvemuchadenga zvinopfuura huwandu hwezvikamu zvendege; ndiwo matombo ekuvaka ekuchengetedzwa kwendege, kuita, uye hunyanzvi. Kubva pane yakakwenenzverwa fuselage inoumba musana wendege kuenda kumainjini ane simba anoburitsa simba, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kushanda pamwe chete kuti chibudirire kubhururuka. Gwaro iri rakagadzirirwa kupa nzwisiso yakadzama yezvikamu zvemuchadenga izvi, mabasa azvo ega, uye mapiro aanoita mukushanda kwendege.
Paunenge uchiongorora gwara iri, iwe unowana kukosha kwakakosha mumaitiro akaomarara anochengeta ndege iri mudenga. Nekunzwisisa kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoshanda sei uye chinodyidzana nevamwe, haungowedzere ruzivo rwako rwehunyanzvi asi zvakare unovandudza kugona kwako kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekubhururuka.
Zvikamu zveAeronautical: Iyo Fuselage
The fuselage ndiro mutumbi wepakati wendege uye unoshanda sechinhu chikuru chinosungirirwa zvimwe zvikamu zvese zvemuchadenga. Inogara iyo cockpit, vafambi kana nzvimbo inotakura zvinhu, uye kazhinji matangi emafuta. Dhizaini uye kuvakwa kwefuselage kwakakosha kune yakazara aerodynamics uye kugadzikana kwendege.
Chimiro chefuselage chinowanzogadziriswa kuti kuderedze kupikisa kwemhepo uye kugadzirisa kushanda kwemafuta. Inovakwa ichishandisa zviremerera zvinhu, senge aluminium alloys kana composite zvinhu, kuve nechokwadi kuti ndege inoramba yakareruka sezvinobvira pasina kukanganisa kutendeseka kwechimiro. Iyo fuselage inofanirwa kumirisana nemasimba akasiyana panguva yekubhururuka, kusanganisira kudzvanywa musiyano pakati pemukati nekunze kwekabhini kumusoro nzvimbo.
Mukati mefuselage, kabhini inowanzomanikidzwa kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakagadzikana yevafambi nevashandi, kunyanya pakukwira kwechikepe uko mhepo yakatetepa. Dhizaini yefuselage inokanganisawo nzvimbo yesimba rinokwevera ndege, iyo yakakosha pakuchengetedza runyararo uye kutonga panguva yekubhururuka.
Zvikamu zveAeronautical: Cockpit
Cockpit inzvimbo yetsinga dzendege, uko vatyairi vendege vanodzora kubhururuka uye kuronga masisitimu emundege. Iyo yakashongedzerwa nezviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinodzora, uye zviratidziro zvinopa ruzivo rwakakosha uye zvinoita kuti vatyairi vendege vashande nendege zvakachengeteka uye nemazvo.
Chishandiso pani: Chishandiso chepaneru ndiyo yekutanga interface pakati pemutyairi nendege. Iine zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviridzwa zvinoratidza ruzivo rwakakosha rwekubhururuka, kusanganisira urefu, airspeed, musoro, uye mafungiro. Zvishandiso zvakakosha zvinosanganisira altimeter, airspeed chiratidzo, hunhu chiratidzo, nekambasi. Iyo pani zvakare inochengetera zviridzwa zvekufambisa, senge GPS uye VOR vanogamuchira, iyo inobatsira mukuronga nzira uye kufamba.
Zvinodzora ndege: Zvidzoreso zvendege mukamuri rekufambisa ndege zvinobvumira mutyairi kufambisa ndege. Izvi zvinosanganisira joko kana control stick, iyo inodzora iyo kukwirira kwendege uye kufamba, uye zvokudzoresa makumbo, zvinodzora yaw. Iyo throttle inodzora simba reinjini, nepo mamwe madhiraivha achigadzirisa ndege, maflaps, uye giya rekumhara.
Pilot zvigaro: Zvigaro zvevatyairi vendege zvakagadzirirwa kunyaradza uye kuchengeteka, sezvo vatyairi vendege vangapedza maawa akawanda vari mazviri panguva yendege. Vakashongedzerwa nemahanesi kana mabhandi ezvigaro kuchengetedza vatyairi vendege panguva yemhirizhonga kana njodzi. Zvigaro zvinowanzogadziriswa kuti zvigadzirise nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemutyairi uye ive nechokwadi chekuonekwa kwakakwana uye kuwana kune zvinodzora.
Pamusoro pepaneru: Iyo yekumusoro pani mu cockpit ine switch uye zvidzoreso zveakasiyana masisitimu, senge mwenje, masisitimu emagetsi, kutonga kwemafuta, uye kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza. Iri pani rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya panguva yekumisikidza kusati kwasimuka uye mukati-ndege mashandiro kutarisira masisitimu endege nemazvo.
Side consoles: Maside consoles, ari padivi pezvigaro zvevatyairi, ane zvimwe zvinodzora uye zviridzwa, zvinosanganisira maredhiyo ekutaurirana, zvinoyamura kufamba, uye autopilot control. Aya maconsoles anopa mukana nyore kune akakosha masisitimu ayo mutyairi angangoda kugadzirisa panguva yekubhururuka.
Zvikamu zveAeronautical: Wings
Mapapiro acho ari pakati penzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha dzeaeronautical yendege, ichipa kusimudza kunodiwa kuti ndege irambe iri mudenga. Magadzirirwo uye zvikamu zvemapapiro zvakakosha pakuita kwendege, kugadzikana, uye kugona kwayo.
Ailerons: Ailerons inzvimbo dzine hinged dziri pamucheto wekutevera webapiro rega rega. Ivo vanodzora mupumburu wendege, vachiibvumira kubhengi kuruboshwe kana kurudyi. Mutyairi wendege paanofambisa chimuti chokudzora kana kuti joko, maailerons anofamba achienda kwakasiyana—rimwe richikwira uye rimwe richidzika—zvichiita kuti rimwe bapiro risimuke uye rimwe richidonha. Ichi chiito chinoita kuti ndege itendeuke yakananga kwainoda.
Anorova: Anorova anowanikwawo pamucheto wekutevera wemapapiro, kazhinji padyo nefuselage kupfuura ailerons. Ivo vanoiswa panguva kusimuka uye kumhara kuwedzera kusimudza uye kuderedza kumhanya kwechiteshi, zvichiita kuti ndege ibhururuke zvishoma nezvishoma pasina kurasikirwa nekukwirira. Nekuwedzera maflaps, mutyairi wendege anogona kuwana yakakwira kudzika kona panguva yekumhara pasina kuwedzera mhepo, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kumhara panzira pfupi.
Winglet: Mapapiro akatwasuka kana kuti angled ekuwedzera pamatipi emapapiro. Vanoderedza kukweva kunokonzerwa nemapapiro emapapiro, anoitika kana mhepo ine simba guru kubva pasi pebapiro inosangana nemhepo yakaderera-pasi pamusoro payo. Nekudzikisa kudhonza uku, mapapiro anovandudza kushanda kwemafuta uye anosimudzira kuita kwese kweaerodynamic kwendege.
Slats: Slats ndiwo mapaneru anofambisa pamucheto unotungamira wemapapiro anowedzera mberi kuti awedzere nzvimbo yemapapiro. Iwo anoshandiswa panguva yekusimuka uye kumhara kuti awedzere kusimudza nekumhanya kwakaderera. Slats inoshanda nekugadzira mhepo yakatsetseka pamusoro pebapiro, kudzivirira stall uye kubvumira ndege kuchengetedza kusimudza kunyange zvishoma nezvishoma.
Spoilers: Spoilers midziyo iri pamusoro pepamusoro pemapapiro ayo anogona kuiswa kuti avhiringidze kubuda kwemhepo uye kuderedza kusimudza. Iwo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya panguva yekudzika uye kumhara kubatsira kuderedza ndege. Spoilers vanogona zvakare kubatsira mukudzora roll nekuisa kune rimwe bapiro kuwedzera kudhonza uye kuderedza kusimudza kune iro divi, zvichiita kuti ndege iende kubhengi munzira yaunoda.
Aeronautical Parts Muswe (Empennage)
Muswe, kana empennage, chikamu chekumashure chendege chinopa kugadzikana uye kutonga mukubhururuka. Iyo ine zvikamu zvakati wandei zvakakosha zveaeronautical, kusanganisira yakachinjika uye yakatwasuka inodzikamisa, iyo inoshanda pamwe chete kuchengetedza kuenzana uye kwairi kuita ndege.
Horizontal Stabilizer uye Elevator: The horizontal stabilizer is fixed wing-like structure kumashure kwendege iyo inopa kugadzikana mukudzika, kudzivirira mhino kubva kumusoro kana pasi zvisingadzoreki. Yakanamirwa kune yakachinjika inodzikamisa pane elevator, nzvimbo inofambiswa inodzora kukwirira kwendege. Mutyairi wendege paanogadzirisa lift achishandisa tsvimbo kana joko, mhino yendege inokwira kana pasi, zvichiita kuti mutyairi akwanise kukwira kana kuburuka.
Vertical Stabilizer uye Rudder: The vertical stabilizer is a vertical fin iri pamuswe wendege. Inopa kugadzikana muyaw, kudzivirira ndege kubva kukukurwa kuruboshwe kana kurudyi. Chidzoreso, chakanamirwa kune chinodzikamisa, chinodzora kufamba kweyaw. Mutyairi wendege paanodzvanya zvidzoreso, chidzoreso chacho chinoenda kuruboshwe kana kurudyi, zvichiita kuti ndege iite zvekuyuwira ichienda kwainoda. Chidzoreso chakanyanya kukosha panguva yekusimuka nekumhara, sezvo ichibatsira kuchengetedza gwara rekutonga panzira.
Aeronautical Parts: Injini(s)
Injini ndiyo imba yemagetsi yendege, ichipa zvinodiwa sunda kufambisa ndege mberi. Mhando dzakasiyana dzeinjini dzinoshandiswa mundege, imwe neimwe iine akasiyana maitiro uye mashandisirwo.
Mhando dzeInjini: Mhando dzakajairika dzeinjini mundege dzemazuvano ijeti injini uye piston injini. Jet injini, kusanganisira turbofan, turbojet, uye turboprop injini, anoshandiswa mukutengesa ndege nendege dzemauto. Idzi injini dzinoshanda nekudzvanyirira mweya, dzichiisanganisa nemafuta, uye nekubatidza musanganiswa kuti ibudise mhepo inomhanya inoburitsa simba. Jet injini dzinozivikanwa nekushanda kwayo pakakwirira uye nekumhanya.
Injini dzepiston, kune rumwe rutivi, dzinowanzo shandiswa mudiki ndege dzendege. Idzi injini dzinoshanda zvakafanana neinjini dzemotokari, dzine mapiston anodzvanya musanganiswa wemafuta-mhepo inobatidzwa kuti ibudise simba. Injini dzepiston hadzina simba kudarika injini dzejeti asi dzinodhura-inoshanda pandege dzenguva pfupi uye ndege dzekudzidzira.
Zvikamu zveAeronautical: Propeller
Iyo propeller chinhu chakakosha chendege zhinji, kunyanya idzo dzine piston injini kana turboprop injini. Inoshandura simba reinjini kuita simba, ichiendesa ndege mberi.
Mapropeller ane mablades anotenderera akapoteredza hub yepakati. Mashizha acho akaumbwa semafoiri emhepo, ane nzvimbo yakakombama yepamusoro uye yakadzikama. Sezvo propeller inotenderera, mweya wemhepo uri pamusoro pepamusoro pemashizha unoderera, zvichiita kusimudza kunokwevera ndege mberi. Iko kona yemablades, inozivikanwa sepitch, inogona kugadziridzwa kuti ikwidzise kuita nekumhanya kwakasiyana uye kukwirisa.
Mundege ine injini dzakawanda, mapropeller anogona kugadzirwa kuti atenderere akapesana painjini yega yega, inozivikanwa seanopotera-anotenderera propeller. Iyi setup inobatsira kuenzanisa torque inogadzirwa neinjini, kuvandudza kugadzikana uye kutonga panguva yekubhururuka.
Zvikamu zveAeronautical: Kudzika Giya
The kumhara giya ndicho chimiro chinotsigira ndege panguva yekusimuka, kumhara, uye tekisi. Yakagadzirirwa kutora maitiro ekumhara uye kupa kugadzikana apo ndege iri pasi.
Kudzika giya kunogona kugadziriswa kana kudzoreredzwa. Yakagadzika giya rekumhara rinoramba riri munzvimbo panguva yese yekubhururuka, nepo giya rekumhara rinogona kudhonzwa mufuselage kana mapapiro kuderedza kudhonza panguva yekubhururuka. Rinotakurika giya rekumhara rakajairika mundege inokurumidza, yakawedzera kusimudzira kushanda kweaerodynamic.
Iyo yekumhara giya kazhinji ine mavhiri, struts, uye mabhureki. Mavhiri anopa nzvimbo dzekusangana nepasi, ukuwo mastruts achitora kuvhunduka kwekumhara. Mabhureki anoshandiswa kunonotsa ndege kana yamhara, uye anogona kubatsirawo kufambisa ndege panguva yekutyaira.
Mune dzimwe ndege, kunyanya idzo dzakagadzirirwa migwagwa ine hutsinye kana isina kugadzirwa, giya rekumhara rinogona kusanganisira skis, zvinoyangarara, kana skid panzvimbo yemavhiri. Aya magiya ekumhara ane hunyanzvi anoita kuti ndege ishande munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira sinou, mvura, uye pasi pakapfava.
mhedziso
Kunzwisisa kwakasiyana siyana zvikamu zvendege kwakakosha kune chero munhu ane chekuita nendege, kubva kuvatyairi vendege kuenda kumainjiniya. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine basa rakakosha mukuona kuchengetedzwa kwendege, kuita kwayo, uye kushanda kwayo. Kunyangwe iri fuselage inoumba musana wendege, mapapiro anopa kusimudza, kana injini dzinoburitsa simba, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinofanirwa kushanda pamwechete zvisina musono kuti zvibudirire kubhururuka.
Kune vanoshuvira vatyairi vendege kana avo vari kutsvaga kudzamisa ruzivo rwavo rwendege, kugona mashandiro uye kuomesesa kwezvikamu izvi zvemuchadenga inhanho yakakosha murwendo rwavo rwendege.
Florida Flyers Flight Academy, isu tine hunyanzvi mukupa epamusoro-tier kudzidziswa kwendege inovhara zvese kubva kune yakakosha aerodynamics kusvika yepamusoro nendege ndege. Wedu ane ruzivo vadzidzisi vendege uye ndege yemazuva ano yekudzidzira ndege inovimbisa kuti iwe unowana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvikamu zveaeronautical nemabasa avo, zvichikugadzirira iwe kuti ubudirire. basa rendege.
Kunyangwe iwe uri kutanga rwendo rwako rwekuva mutyairi wega wega kana kuvavarira kuve mutyairi wendege, Florida Flyers Flight Academy inopa zvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvako. Maoko edu-pamaitiro uye yakazara curriculum ichakushongedzera iwe nehunyanzvi uye ruzivo rwaunoda kuti ubudirire mu cockpit. Joinha isu nhasi uye tora danho rekutanga kuzadzisa zviroto zvako zvendege.
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekubhadharira chikoro chendege.
