Nhanganyaya kune Altimeters
Kana zvasvika pakubhururuka nendege, kuchengetedzeka uye nemazvo ndizvo zvakakosha. Chimwe chezvishandiso zvakakosha zvinobatsira vatyairi kuchengetedza zviyero izvi ndeye altimeter. Iyo gadget inoita basa rakakosha mukubhururuka, ichipa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvehurefu hwendege. Gwaro iri richaongorora nyika yealtimeters, richikurukura kukosha kwadzo, mashandisiro avanoita, uye mashandisiro azvo nemazvo.
Izvo zvakasikwa zve tekinoroji yendege yakakura uye yakaoma, uye maaltimeters ndizvowo. Izvo zviridzwa zvine hupfumi hwezvinhu uye zvinoshanda, zvese zvakagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti vatyairi vendege vane ruzivo rwakanyanya runogona maererano nehurefu hwavo hwazvino. Gwaro iri rinopa mhedziso yakazara yezvimiro izvi, kusanganisira zvepamberi, uye nekupa matipi ekuti vangazvishandisa sei kuzere kwavo kugona.
Pamusoro pezvo, iro gwara rinopinda mudivi rekuchengetedza rezvinhu, richipa akakosha matipi uye matipi ekuchengetedza maaltimeters ari pamusoro. Chekupedzisira, ichagadzirisa matambudziko akajairika uye nzira dzekugadzirisa matambudziko, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vatyairi vendege vanogona kugadzirisa chero nyaya dzinogona kumuka nekukasira.
Chii chinonzi Altimeter uye Inoshanda Sei?
Altimeter chimbo chekubhururuka chinoyera urefu hwendege, kana kureba pamusoro pegungwa. Inoshanda pamusimboti wekumanikidzwa kwemuchadenga - kudzvanywa kunodzikira sezvo munhu achikwira kumusoro, uye chishandiso chinoshandura shanduko idzi kuita kuverenga kwepamusoro.
Chinhu chikuru cheichi chishandiso chinonzi aneroid barometer, inochinjika, yakavharwa sero yesimbi inokura uye inobvumirana nekuchinja mukumanikidza. Sezvo ndege inokwira uye mhepo yemhepo inoderera, sero rinowedzera. Ukuwo, sezvo ndege inodzika uye kudzvinyirira kunowedzera, sero rinobvumirana. Aya mafambiro anobva ashandurirwa muchina mukuverenga kwepamusoro pane dial yealtimeter.
Saka, haiyere kureba zvakananga asi inoshandisa kudzvanywa kwemhepo semumiriri. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise iyi nzira nekuti zvinoreva kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inogona kukanganisa kuverenga kwemidziyo. Semuenzaniso, kudonha kwekumanikidza nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kuita kuti iverenge kumusoro kupfuura iyo chaiyo altitude.
Kukosha kweAltimeters kune Vatyairi
Zvishandiso izvi zvakakosha kune vatyairi vendege nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Chinonyanya kujeka ndechekuti ivo vanopa ruzivo nezve kukwira kwendege, izvo zvakakosha pakuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzekubhururuka uye kudzivirira zvipingamupinyi zvakaita semakomo. Asi pane zvimwe, zvikonzero zvisinganyatsooneka nei zvichikosha kuvatyairi vendege.
Imwe yeiyi kufamba. Pamwe chete nezvimwe zviridzwa, zvinobatsira vatyairi vendege kuona nzvimbo yavo uye kutevera nzira dzendege dzakafanotemerwa. Semuenzaniso, kutonga kwekufamba kwendege kunowanzopa makwiriro chaiwo kundege kuti ive nechokwadi chekuparadzana, uye chishandiso chinobvumira vatyairi vendege kuchengetedza aya marefu nemazvo.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha pamitemo yekubhururuka kwezviridzwa (IFR) kubhururuka, uko vatyairi vanovimba nezviridzwa zvavo kwete zvekuona kuti vafambe. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, hachisi chishandiso chekuziva urefu, asi chikamu chakakosha chekuziva mamiriro emutyairi, achivabatsira kunzwisisa chinzvimbo chavo maererano nenzvimbo uye dzimwe ndege.
Nhanho-ne-Nhanho Yekutungamira paKumisikidza Altimeter
Kumisikidza altimeter nemazvo chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirira kusati kwabhururuka. Nhanho yekutanga ndeyekuchinja simba rendege uye kubvumira zviridzwa kuti zvidziye. Kana yangobatidzwa, tarisa ikozvino kudzvanywa kuisirwa pane sub-scale, inozivikanwawo seyo Kollsman hwindo.
Tevere, shandisa yazvino chiteshi chemamiriro ekunze data kana yeairport's automated terminal information service (ATIS) kuti uwane iyo iripo barometric pressure padanho regungwa. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sealtimeter kuseta uye zvinowanzo kupihwa mumainch emercury (inHg) kana millibars (hPa).
Paunenge uchinge uine iyo yazvino kuseta, gadzirisa yako altimeter kune iyi kukosha uchishandisa kumanikidza kuseta knob. Izvi zvinozvigadzirisa kune kudzvanywa kwemuchadenga uye nekupa kuverenga kwakaringana kwepamusoro panhandare yendege. Kana yaiswa, inofanira kuverenga kukwirira kweairport pamusoro pegungwa.
Chekupedzisira, tarisa mashandiro ealtimeter nekuwedzera uye kudzikisa kudzvanywa uye kutarisa maoko ealtimeter achifamba zvinoenderana. Izvi zvinosimbisa kuti altimeter iri kushanda nemazvo uye yakagadzirira kubhururuka.
Mazano uye Mazano eKushandisa Kwazvo
Nepo maaltimeters akagadzirwa kuti ape kuverenga kwakaringana kwepamusoro, pane zvinhu zvishoma izvo vatyairi vendege vanogona kuita kuti vaone kuti vanowana data chaiyo. Imwe yeiyi ndeyekugara uchitarisa uye kugadzirisa marongero panguva yekubhururuka. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti dzvinyiriro yemuchadenga inogona kushanduka nemamiriro ekunze, uye kurongeka kwechinyakare kunogona kuguma nekuverengeka kusiri kwechokwadi.
Rimwe zano ndere kududzira kuverenga kwayo mumamiriro ezvimwe zviridzwa uye maonero ekunze. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo altimeter ichiti iwe uri pa10,000 tsoka, asi pasi rinotaridzika zvisingaite padhuze, vimba nemasikirwo ako uye tarisa-tarisa nezvimwe zviridzwa kana zviyamuro zvekufambisa.
Chekupedzisira, ziva ganhuriro dzayo. Semuenzaniso, hazvizopi kuverengera kwakaringana kwekumusoro panguva yekukwira nekukurumidza kana kudzika nekuti kudzvanywa kwekuchinja mukati meaneroid cell hakugone kuenderana nekukurumidza kuchinja kwekunze kwekumanikidza. Kunzwisisa miganhu iyi kunogona kubatsira vatyairi vendege kuita sarudzo dziri nani panguva yekubhururuka.
Kuverenga Kwakafanana uye Zvazvinoreva
Pane zvishoma zvakajairika kuverenga izvo vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kuziva. Imwe yeiyi ndiyo "yakajairwa" altimeter kuseta kwe29.92 inHg kana 1013.25 hPa. Iyi ndiyo avhareji yemhepo yemuchadenga padanho regungwa, uye vatyairi vendege vanoishandisa pavanenge vachibhururuka pamusoro penzvimbo yekuchinja, uko kunenge kusisina basa.
Kumwe kuverenga kunowanzonzi zero, izvo zvinoratidza kuti ndege iri pagungwa. Nekudaro, kuverenga uku kunogonawo kuoneka kana dzvinyiriro yakakwira zvakanyanya uye ichipfuura iyo altimeter, ndosaka zvakakosha kuyambuka-kutarisa nezvimwe zviridzwa.
Chekupedzisira, kune iyo airport yekumusoro yekuverenga inoonekwa kana iyo altimeter yakanyatso kugadzika kune yenzvimbo yekumanikidza kuisirwa pane imwe airport. Kuverenga uku kunosimbisa kuti yakanyatsomisikidzwa uye yakagadzirira kubhururuka.
Mazano Akakosha Ekuchengetedza kune Vatyairi vendege
Kugadzirisa kwakakodzera kwakakosha kuchengetedza altimeter muhurongwa hwekushanda kwakanaka. Rimwe remabasa akakosha ekugadzirisa nderekuongorora nguva dzose uye kuenzanisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora huchokwadi hwayo uchipikisana nedzvinyiriro inozivikanwa uye urefu uye kuigadzirisa kana zvichidiwa.
Rimwe basa rinokosha nderekuchenesa. Tsvina neguruva zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro akapfava mukati mealtimeter, zvichitungamira kukuverenga kusiri iko. Naizvozvo, vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti altimeter inochengetwa yakachena uye isina guruva.
Chekupedzisira, vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kugara vachitarisa zvisimbiso zvealtimeter kune chero zviratidzo zvekupfeka kana kukuvara. Chisimbiso chakaputsika kana chakasakara chinogona kubvumira mhepo kupinda musero reaneroid, zvichiita kuti pave nekuverenga kusina kururama.
Zvepamusoro Zvimiro uye Mashandisiro Azvo
Mazuva ano altimeters anouya nezvakawanda zvemhando yepamusoro zvakagadzirirwa kusimudzira mashandiro avo uye huroyi. Imwe yeiyi "mwero wekukwira" kana kuti vertical speed indicator (VSI), iyo inoratidza kuti ndege iri kukwira kana kudzika sei.
Chimwe chiitiko chepamusoro ndeye "danho rendege" kuverenga, iro rinoratidza urefu hwendege mumazana emafiti pamusoro peyero yekumanikidza ye29.92 inHg. Iyi ficha inonyanya kubatsira kana uchibhururuka munzvimbo yakakwirira, uko kudzvanywa kwenzvimbo hakuchakoshe.
Vatyairi vendege vanokwanisawo kuwana maaltimeters ane madhijitari ekuverenga, ayo anopa kuverengeka kwakanyatso kukwira kupfuura echinyakare analog dials. Vamwe vanotouya neakavakirwa-mukati GPS, iyo inogona kupa altitude data yakavakirwa pane satellite masiginecha, ichipa imwezve dhizaini yekurongeka uye redundancy.
Dambudziko rekugadzirisa
Pasinei nekugadzirwa kwavo kwakasimba uye kuvaka, ma altimeters dzimwe nguva anogona kukonzera matambudziko. Kana iyo altimeter iri kupa zvisingaenderane kana zvisiri izvo kuverenga, danho rekutanga nderekutarisa kudzvanywa kuisirwa. Kurongeka kusina kururama kunowanzova chikonzero chekuverenga kusina kururama.
Kana kudzvanywa kwacho kwakarurama, danho rinotevera nderekuiongorora mumuviri. Tarisa chero zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa, kupera, kana tsvina zvinogona kukonzera dambudziko. Kana ichiita seyakanaka, ingangoda kuenzanisa.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dambudziko rinogona kunge riri mune static system yendege, iyo inopa kunze kwemhepo kumanikidza kune altimeter. Kana iyo system yakavharwa kana kubuda, inogona kuita kuti iverenge zvisizvo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, iyo yose static system inogona kudiwa kuongororwa uye kugadziriswa.
mhedziso
Iyo altimeter chishandiso chakakosha kune vatyairi vendege, ichipa yakakosha data yakakwira iyo inobatsira mukubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye chaiko. Kunzwisisa mashandiro ainoita, magadzirirwo ayo nemazvo, uye kududzira kuverenga kwayo kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya ruzivo rwemutyairi wendege.
Uyezve, kugadzirisa nguva dzose uye kuziva nezvemaitiro ayo epamberi kunogona kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwayo uye huchokwadi. Uye nerubatsiro rwegwaro iri, vatyairi vendege vanogona kugadzirisa chero matambudziko angamuka, kuve nechokwadi chekuti altimeter yavo inogara yakagadzirira kubhururuka. Saka, simudza ruzivo rwako rwekubhururuka nayo - denga ndiro muganhu!
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