Zofunikira pa Kuyesa Zida ndi Nthawi Yophunzitsira Yeniyeni

Zofunikira pa kuwerengera zida zimakhazikitsa malo ophunzitsira, osati tsiku lotsimikizika lomaliza: motsatira Gawo 61, ofunsira amafunika maola 40 a nthawi yeniyeni kapena yoyeserera ya chida ndipo nthawi zambiri maola 50 a nthawi yodutsa dziko lonse lapansi yoyendetsa ndege. Ofesi ya Federal Register imanena za nthawi yofunikira ya chida; Masukulu a Gawo 141 ali ndi maphunziro osiyana osachepera maola 35 a maphunziro oyendetsa ndege. Maphunziro ofulumira a kuwerengera zida nthawi zambiri amatenga masiku 10 mpaka 12, koma nthawi yomwe mukufuna imadalira zomwe mwakumana nazo, nthawi yophunzitsira, komanso kukonzekera mayeso othandiza.

Kusiyana kumeneko n'kofunika. Kukwaniritsa ola locheperako lolembetsedwa sikutanthauza kuti mwakonzeka kukwera ndege motsatira miyezo ya zida kapena kudutsa ulendo woyeserera. Bukuli likufotokoza malamulo a FAA ophunzitsira, kudutsa dziko, nthawi ya zida, mayeso a chidziwitso, ndi malamulo a ndalama, kenako likuwonetsa zomwe zingafulumizitse kapena kukulitsa njira. Muwonanso momwe zofunikira za Gawo 61 ndi Gawo 141 zimasiyanirana, kuti mutha kuyerekeza njira zanu zotsatila kutengera njira yomwe mukutsatira komanso zomwe mwakumana nazo kale.

Maphunziro a chidziwitso cha ndege

Maphunziro a chidziwitso cha ndege amakukonzekeretsani kumvetsetsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera zida musanapite komanso panthawi yoyenda. Ku United States, zofunikira pakuyesa zida zimaphatikizapo kuphunzira pansi, mayeso a chidziwitso, ndi kukonzekera mayeso othandiza.

Ku United States, ndalama zophunzitsira zida zimadalira kuchuluka kwa ndege ndi aphunzitsi, kuchuluka kwa maphunziro ofunikira paulendo ndi simulator, komanso kuchuluka kwa maphunziro. Mtengo umadalira chikwamacho ndipo umaperekedwa pambuyo pa pempho la mtengo.

Maphunziro ndi Chidziwitso cha Pansi

Maphunziro a pansi amakhudza chidziwitso chofunikira kuti munthu agwire ntchito motsatira malamulo oyendetsa zida. Amalumikiza kutanthauzira nyengo, malamulo, kuyenda panyanja, kukonzekera ulendo, ndi njira zoyendetsera zida ndi zisankho zomwe zimapangidwa mu cockpit.

Kuti mupeze chiyeso choyamba cha zida kudzera mu maphunziro a Gawo 141, maphunziro apansi amafunika maola osachepera 30. Ofunsira Gawo 61 ayeneranso kukonzekera mayeso a chidziwitso, koma zofunikira zomwe zatchulidwazi sizimayika nthawi yofanana yophunzitsira pansi pa njira imeneyo. Mu njira iliyonse, maphunziro ayenera kulumikiza njira ndi zochitika zenizeni, monga kutanthauzira tchati cha njira ya zida musanayendetse njirayo.

Pangani dongosolo lophunzirira motsatira mfundo zomwe mwaphunzira, kenako gwiritsani ntchito mafunso oyeserera kuti mudziwe mitu yofooka. Pa funso lililonse lomwe simunaphunzire, onaninso mfundo yofunika m'malo mongokumbukira njira yolondola yokha. Chipangizo chophunzitsira kapena choyeserera chingathandize kulimbitsa momwe zida zimagwirizanirana, koma sichilowa m'malo mwa kuphunzira za chidziwitso cha ndege kapena maphunziro ofunikira a ndege.

Olembera ntchito ayenera kutsimikizira ngati kuvomerezedwa kwa mphunzitsi kukufunika asanalembe mayeso olembedwa. Chitani kuvomerezedwa kumeneko ngati gawo lophunzitsira lovomerezeka, osati tsatanetsatane wa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito: kumatsimikizira kukonzekera kulemba mayeso. Wofunsira ntchito ayenera kupambana mayeso ofunikira a chidziwitso, kupatulapo munthu amene ali kale ndi digiri ya zida safunikira mayeso ena a chidziwitso.

Chidziwitso cha Zida ndi Mayeso Othandiza

Mayeso a chidziwitso cha zida amawunika ngati mungagwiritse ntchito chidziwitso cha ndege pa ntchito za zida. Mayeso othandiza amawunika momwe mumagwirira ntchito komanso kupanga zisankho pa ntchito zomwe mukufuna.

Mayeso a chidziwitso cha FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ali ndi mafunso 60 osankha mayankho angapo, amafunika 70% ya chigoli chopambana, ndipo ali ndi nthawi yokwanira maola awiri. Zotsatira zopambana zimakhalabe zovomerezeka kwa miyezi 24. Konzani mayeso othandiza mkati mwa nthawi yovomerezekayo; apo ayi, mayeso a chidziwitso ayenera kubwerezedwanso mayeso asanayambe kulembedwa.

Konzekerani mayeso mwa kuwunikanso malamulo, nyengo, machati, makina oyendera, ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida. Yesetsani kudutsa zochitika zomwe zimafuna kuti mumasulire zambiri, kusankha njira, ndikufotokozera chisankho chanu. Pa tsiku la mayeso, werengani funso lililonse mosamala ndikusiyanitsa mawu ofanana, popeza kusiyana pang'ono kwa mawu kumasintha yankho lolondola.

Mayeso ochita ntchito ndi kuwunika kwa woyesa ngati mukukwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera yoyendetsera ndege. Kupambana mayeso a chidziwitso chokha sikutsimikizira kuti mwakonzeka mayeso ochita ntchito. Unikani ntchito zofunika ndi mphunzitsi, kuphatikizapo njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida ndi zisankho zomwe zimathandiza kuuluka bwino. Chitani chidziwitso ndi mayeso ogwira ntchito ngati zochitika zapadera, ndipo konzekerani zonse ziwiri.

Kodi zofunikira za ola la FAA ndi ziti pakuwunika zida?

Kuyenerera kwa maola kumaphatikiza zomwe zachitika kale, zofunikira pa gulu la ndege, ndi maphunziro omaliza. Kuti mupeze chiphaso cha ndege, siyanitsani zofunikira pa gawo 61 kuchokera ku zochepa za maphunziro a Gawo 141 musanayambe kukonzekera mayeso othandiza.

Kuyenerera ndi Kuvomereza

Kuyenerera kumatanthauza kukwaniritsa satifiketi, zaka, chilankhulo, mayeso a chidziwitso, ndi zikhalidwe zovomerezeka ndi mphunzitsi kuti apeze digiri ya zida. Ku United States, olembetsa ayenera kukhala ndi zaka zosachepera 17, kuwerenga, kulankhula, kulemba, ndi kumvetsetsa Chingerezi, komanso kukhala ndi satifiketi yapayekha yoyendetsa ndege kapena kulembetsa nthawi imodzi yomwe ili ndi digiri yoyenera ya ndege. Olembera angafunike kuvomerezedwa ndi mphunzitsi asanalembe mayeso a chidziwitso cha zida.

Pofuna kuyenerera zachipatala, BasicMed ndi yovomerezeka pa ntchito za IFR pamene oyendetsa ndege akutsatira zofunikira zake, kuphatikizapo kugwira ntchito ku United States m'ndege yolemera makilogalamu osapitirira 12,500 yokhala ndi anthu osapitirira 7. Zofooka zomwe zimafala kwambiri pa ulendowu ndi monga kulephera kusunga miyezo ya ntchito, kuyang'anira njira, kapena kupanga zisankho zabwino pa ndege ndi zida. Mwachitsanzo, FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS imafuna kuti ndege zizithamanga mkati mwa ma knots 10, kutalika mkati mwa mapazi 100, ndi kusankha mitu mkati mwa madigiri 10 panthawi ya ntchito yake yoyendera.

Gawo 61 ndi Gawo 141 Kuyenerera

Gawo 61 ndi Gawo 141 ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira, zokhala ndi chidziwitso chosiyana komanso zofunikira pamaphunziro. Pa chiŵerengero cha zida ndi ndege ku US, wopempha ntchito nthawi zambiri ayenera kulemba maola 50 a nthawi yopita kudziko lina monga woyendetsa ndege, kuphatikizapo maola 10 mu ndege, malinga ndi Ofesi ya Federal Register. Maphunziro a Gawo 141 safuna maola 50 a nthawi yopita kudziko lina kuti ayenerere mayeso olondola.

Malinga ndi Gawo 61, olembetsa ayeneranso kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zida m'malo omwe atchulidwa. Ulendo wophunzitsira wa ndege ndi zida uyenera kuyenda makilomita 250 panyanja m'njira zoyendera ndege kapena kudzera mu njira yolunjika kuchokera ku malo owongolera magalimoto a ndege, malinga ndi Ofesi ya Federal Register. Iyenera kuphatikizapo njira yogwiritsira ntchito zida pa eyapoti iliyonse ndi mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zogwiritsira ntchito njira zoyendera.

Sukulu ya Gawo 141 iyenera kupereka maola osachepera 35 a maphunziro oyendetsa ndege kuti ipeze mayeso oyamba a zida, malinga ndi Ofesi ya Federal Register. Maphunziro ochepa amenewo sangasinthidwe ndi zomwe Gawo 61 lidakumana nazo. Yerekezerani kapangidwe ka maphunziro a njira ndi nthawi yowuluka ndi zomwe zachitika kale, kenako dziwani zomwe zikufunikabe.

Pokonzekera, siyanitsani chidziwitso chonse kuchokera ku maphunziro enieni ndi chiwerengero cha zida. Lembani cholinga cha ndege iliyonse, gulu la ndege, momwe woyendetsa ndegeyo alili, ndi momwe zida zilili molondola; kusiyana kumeneku kumatsimikiza ngati nthawi ikugwirizana ndi zomwe mukufuna. dongosolo lophunzitsira ndege kungathandize kukonza ndemanga imeneyo musanayambe kukonzekera mayeso.

Kuwunika ndalama ndi luso la zida

Ndalama ya zida ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwapa kuti munthu agwire ntchito ngati woyendetsa ndege motsatira malamulo oyendetsera zida. Gawo 61 limakhazikitsa lamulo loti munthu ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito zida zake, pomwe kuyang'ana luso la zida zake kumapereka njira yosiyana yopezera ndalama ngati pakufunika.

Kusunga Ndalama za Zida

Kuti chipangizocho chikhale chogwira ntchito nthawi zonse, woyendetsa ndege ayenera kumaliza njira 6 zoyendetsera zida mkati mwa miyezi 6 yapitayi kuchokera paulendo wake. Njirazo ziyenera kukhala mkati mwa nthawi yokumbukira. Kuyesa kwa chida pa satifiketi yoyendetsera ndege sikukwaniritsa zofunikira izi zomwe zachitika posachedwapa.

Gwiritsani ntchito buku lanu lolemba kuti mutsatire njira iliyonse ndi tsiku lake, kuti mudziwe ngati zisanu ndi chimodzi zofunika zikugwera mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyenera. Ngati njira yoyambirira yapita kunja kwa nthawi imeneyo ndege ya IFR isanakonzedwe, bwerezani njira zotsalazo zoyenerera. Yang'anani ndalama musanayambe ulendo uliwonse, osati kokha pamene chiwerengerocho chaperekedwa.

Ndalama ndi luso zimayenderana, koma zimayankha mafunso osiyanasiyana. Ndalama zimakhudza njira zomwe zikufunika posachedwa; luso limakhudza ngati mungathe kuyendetsa bwino zosowa za ndege. Ngakhale mutalemba njira zomwe zikufunika, mungafunike kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuwongolera ndege, kapena kuyang'anira ntchito musanayendetse ndege momwe zida zilili.

Kuwunika Luso la Zida

Kuwunika luso la zida, kapena IPC, ndi kuwunika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pobwezeretsa ndalama za zida pamene zofunikira zaposachedwa sizikukwaniritsidwa. Kuwunikako kuyenera kukhala ndi njira zosachepera zitatu zogwiritsira ntchito zida. Woyendetsa ndege amene wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito zida kwa miyezi yoposa isanu ndi umodzi angafunike IPC yokhala ndi Mphunzitsi Wodziwa Kuyendetsa Ndege wa Chida kuti apezenso ndalama.

IPC si mayeso ena a chidziwitso. Imayesa kuuluka kwa zida zogwira ntchito m'malo mwa chidziwitso cholembedwa cha ndege. Choyamba dziwani madera ofooka, kenako gwiritsani ntchito malangizo ndi machitidwe oyendetsa ndege kuti muwathetse musanayese. Kukhazikitsa njira, kuyenda, kuwongolera ndege, ndi kupanga zisankho zonse zimakhudza momwe mumayendetsera bwino ndege ya zida.

Sungani zolemba zomwe zimasiyanitsa bwino njira zoyendetsera zida ndi zochitika zina zoyendetsa ndege. Mukayang'ana buku lanu lolembera, dziwani masiku oyendetsera, nthawi yoyenera ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, komanso ngati mwamaliza IPC. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa momwe mulili panopa musanavomereze ntchito ya IFR kapena kukonzekera ulendo wopita kudziko lina motsatira malamulo a ndege zoyendetsera zida.

Pangani luso loposa malire ochepera a ndalama. Gawo loyeserera lolunjika lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zovuta, pomwe mphunzitsi akhoza kuwona momwe mumayendetsera ndege ndi ntchito nthawi zonse. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zenizeni pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera paulendo ndi woyendetsa; machitidwe oyeserera angathandizenso kukulitsa luso. Njira zisanu ndi chimodzi zofunika zimakhazikitsa ndalama, koma kukonzekera bwino kumakhalabe kofunikira kuti zida zizigwira ntchito bwino.

Zofunikira pa luso lokweza pogwiritsa ntchito zida

Chiŵerengero cha kukweza pogwiritsa ntchito zida chimagwiritsa ntchito ziyeneretso za ndege zonyamula pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimafunika paulendo. Kufunika kwa chidziwitso chake chopita kudziko lina n'kosiyana ndi chidziwitso cha ndege, choncho onaninso zolemba za buku la gulu lililonse padera.

Pa chiŵerengero cha kukweza kwa zida zoyendetsedwa ndi zida ku US, wopempha ntchito nthawi zambiri ayenera kulemba maola 50 a nthawi yodutsa dziko lonse monga woyendetsa ndege, kuphatikizapo maola 10 mu kukweza kwamphamvu. Gawo la maola 10 ndi gawo la maola 50, osati ndalama zina zowonjezera. Tsatirani nthawi yonse ndi nthawi yeniyeni padera mukamayang'ana kuyenerera.

Nthawi yodutsa dziko lonse imafotokoza maulendo a ndege pakati pa malo, pomwe momwe woyendetsa ndege amalembera kuchuluka kwa momwe mudachitira. Pa chilichonse cholembedwa mu logbook, lembani gulu la ndege, njira, ndi udindo wa PIC. Kuuluka kwa ndege kungawerengedwe kukhala mbiri yosiyana ya zomwe mudakumana nazo, koma sikulowa m'malo mwa zomwe zimafunika pakukweza ndi mphamvu.

Pangani kafukufuku wa zomwe mwakumana nazo musanakonzekere maphunziro otsala. Choyamba, chiwerengero cha anthu olowa m'dziko lonse lapansi chiziwulutsidwa ngati PIC. Kenako, dziwani kuchuluka kwa chiwerengerocho chomwe chinali mu ndege zonyamula ndi mphamvu. Kenako yerekezerani ziwerengero zonse ziwiri ndi zomwe zimafunika maola 50 ndi gawo lake la maola 10 lonyamula ndi mphamvu. Njirayi ikuwonetsa kusowa komwe chiwerengero chimodzi chosasinthika cha "maola odutsa dziko lonse lapansi" chingabise.

Gulu la ndege ndi lofunika ngakhale ndege ziwiri zikuyenda mofanana. Mwachitsanzo, woyendetsa ndege yemwe ali ndi maola 50 a PIC oyenda m'dziko lonse, koma osakwana 10 oyenda m'malo oyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu, sanakwaniritse malire a zomwe zanenedwa pagulu lomwelo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kufika maola 10 oyenda m'malo oyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu sikukwaniritsa zonse ngati nthawi yonse ya PIC yoyenda m'malo oyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu ikadali pansi pa maola 50.

Sungani zolemba za logbook zoyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu kuti ziwerengeke bwino komanso zigwirizane. Lembani ma eyapoti ochoka ndi omwe mukupita, chizindikiritso cha ndege, nthawi yaulendo, ndi momwe zinthu zilili mu PIC monga gawo la ndondomeko yanu yolembera nthawi zonse. Mukayang'ana zolemba zanu, gwirizanitsani zolembazo ndi ziwerengero zonse za magulu m'malo modalira kukumbukira kapena kuyerekezera kozungulira. Zolemba zomveka bwino zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzindikira zomwe mukufunabe.

Musamaone ngati ndege, helikopita, ndi zinthu zonyamulira pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ngati zinthu zina. Zofunikira zonyamulira pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zimatchula nthawi yonyamulira pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, pomwe zofunikira zonyamulira ndi ndege zimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yonyamulira ndege. Lamulo lina la ndege yophunzitsira ya zida ndi helikopita limafuna mtunda wa makilomita 100 panyanja m'misewu ya ndege kapena poyendetsa ndege molunjika kuchokera ku malo owongolera magalimoto a ndege. Mtunda wofanana ndi wa helikopita suyenera kusokonezedwa ndi kufunika kwa PIC-hour yonyamulira pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Kukonzekera malo kungapewe mipata yomwe ingapeweke: onaninso buku la zochitika, sinthani zolemba malinga ndi gulu la ndege, ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa ma PIC odutsa dziko musanakonze maulendo ena. Kenako gwiritsani ntchito mipata yotsalayo mu gulu lililonse kuti muwongolere dongosolo lomanga luso. Kwa wofunsira ntchito yemwe akufuna kupeza mwayi wonyamula katundu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, cheke chofunikira ndi kuchuluka kwa maola onse awiri: maola 50 a PIC odutsa dziko lonse ndi maola 10 onyamula katundu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mkati mwake.

Nthawi yeniyeni kapena yoyerekeza ya chida

Nthawi ya zida imalembedwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yeniyeni kapena yoyerekezeredwa ya zida m'malo enaake ogwirira ntchito. Pansi pa 14 CFR 61.65, wofunsira kuyesedwa kwa zida ayenera kulemba maola 40 a nthawi yeniyeni kapena yoyerekezeredwa ya zida m'malo enaake ogwirira ntchito, malinga ndi Ofesi ya Federal Register.

Nthawi yeniyeni ya chida ndi chidziwitso chomwe chimapezeka pogwiritsira ntchito zida zomwe zili mu mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya chida. Nthawi yoyeserera chida imaphatikizapo kuchita zinthu zomwe zimayesedwa, monga kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo choletsa kuwona ndi mphunzitsi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chophunzitsira chovomerezeka. Zonsezi zitha kuwerengedwa kufunikira kwa chidziwitsocho ngati zalembedwa bwino komanso mkati mwa malire oyenera a ngongole.

Ziyeneretso za mphunzitsi ndizofunikira. Pa nthawi ya chida cha US cha rating ya zida ndi ndege, maola osachepera 15 ayenera kulandiridwa kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi wovomerezeka yemwe ali ndi rating ya zida ndi ndege, malinga ndi Ofesi ya Federal Register. Lembani ziyeneretso za mphunzitsi ndi maphunziro omwe adalandira, m'malo mongodalira chiwerengero cha maola onse.

Zipangizo zophunzitsira za ndege zitha kuwonjezera pa malangizo a ndege, koma ma credits awo ali ndi malire. Wofunsira ku US angapereke maola 10 pa nthawi ya zida zomwe walandira mu chipangizo chophunzitsira cha ndege kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za nthawi ya chipangizocho, malinga ndi Ofesi ya Federal Register. Pansi pa Gawo 61, maola 20 pa chipangizo chophunzitsira za ndege zapamwamba angawerengedwe pa zofunikira za chidziwitso.

Ndalama zothandizira zida zimadaliranso momwe maphunziro amachitikira. Kupatula ndalama zothandizira zoyeserera za Gawo 142, maola osapitirira 20 onse sangaphatikizidwe pa zoyeserera, zida zophunzitsira za pandege, zida zophunzitsira za pandege, kapena kuphatikiza. Pa nthawi ya zida zomwe zamalizidwa pansi pa Gawo 142, maola okwana 30 mu simulator yonse ya pandege kapena chipangizo chophunzitsira za pandege angawerengedwe. Sungani mtundu wa chipangizocho ndi maziko a maphunziro mosiyana mu logbook.

Chidziwitso cha ulendo wodutsa dziko lapansi ndi chosiyana ndi nthawi yonse ya zida za maola 40. Kuti muyesere zida za ndege, maphunziro ofunikira a IFR paulendo wodutsa dziko lapansi ayenera kuyenda makilomita 250 panjira zapamadzi kapena kudzera mu njira yolunjika kuchokera ku malo owongolera magalimoto amlengalenga, malinga ndi Ofesi ya Federal Register. Ulendowu uyenera kuphatikizapo njira yolumikizira zida pa eyapoti iliyonse ndi mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zogwiritsira ntchito njira zoyendetsera.

Konzani zolemba pogwiritsa ntchito ndege, gawo loyeserera, chipangizo chophunzitsira, mphunzitsi, ndi njira yomalizidwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kudziwa nthawi yomwe ikugwira ntchito komanso ngati njira iliyonse kapena ntchito iliyonse yalembedwa. Satifiketi yoyendetsa ndege yachinsinsi komanso kukonzekera chidziwitso cha ndege kumakhudza madera osiyanasiyana oyenerera; palibe chomwe chimalowa m'malo mwa chidziwitso cha zida zolembedwa. Luso la Chingerezi ndilofunikanso kwa wopempha, osati ngongole ya maola ogwiritsira ntchito zida.

Pa machitidwe okonzedwa bwino omwe amagwirizanitsa magawo a ndege ndi zida ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida, konzani maphunziro oyendetsa ndege pogwiritsa ntchito zida mozungulira zomwe zikufunikirabe.

Sukulu Yoyendetsa Ndege ku USA: Pulogalamu Yogwira Ntchito Yokhazikika

Flight School USA imapereka Pulogalamu Yokhazikika Yogwira Ntchito kwa oyendetsa ndege omwe akufuna kuchita ntchito yaukadaulo yoyendetsa ndege. Mukamaliza kuwonanso zomwe zida, chidziwitso, ndi miyezo yaukadaulo zikugwira, ganizirani momwe ziwerengerozo zikugwirizanirana ndi zolinga zanu zazikulu zophunzitsira. Onetsani zofunikira zina poyerekeza ndi satifiketi ndi maphunziro omwe mukufuna kuchita, m'malo mowona ngati chiwerengero cha zidazo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.

Flight School USA imaperekanso Pulogalamu Yofulumira ya CFI, Maphunziro a GI Bill Flight, Ntchito Zovomerezeka za M1 Visa, ndi Pulogalamu Yokonzekera Ndege. Zosankhazi zimayang'ana magawo osiyanasiyana pantchito komanso momwe ophunzira alili. Ngati mwakonzeka kukambirana zolinga zanu zophunzitsira ndege ndi njira zomwe zingatsatire, funsani Flight School USA.

Sinthani Ndondomeko Yanu Yophunzitsira Kukhala Njira Yantchito

Lumikizani zofunikira pa kuwerengera zida ndi ntchito yoyesera yomwe mukupanga. Sankhani komwe kuwerengerako kukugwirizana ndi ndondomeko yanu yophunzitsira, kenako dziwani zomwe mwakumana nazo ndi kukonzekera komwe mukufunikirabe. Dongosolo lomveka bwino limagwirizanitsa chisankho chilichonse cha maphunziro ndi kupita patsogolo komwe mukufuna, m'malo mowona satifiketi iliyonse ngati malo osiyana.

Flight School USA imapereka Pulogalamu Yokhazikika Yophunzitsira Yoyang'ana Pantchito, Pulogalamu Yofulumira ya CFI, ndi Maphunziro a GI Bill Flight. Mapulogalamuwa amakwaniritsa zolinga ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, choncho ganizirani zomwe zikugwirizana bwino ndi gawo lanu lotsatira. Lumikizanani ndi Flight School USA kuti mukambirane momwe zolinga zanu zophunzitsira zikugwirizana ndi mapulogalamuwa.

Lumikizanani ndi Sukulu Yoyendetsa Ndege ku USA kuti mukambirane zolinga zanu za ndege ndi njira zina. Pitirizani ndi kudziletsa, ndipo ganizirani kuti ndege iliyonse ikugwirizana ndi woyendetsa ndege amene mukufuna kukhala.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mumalize kuwerengera zida?

Maphunziro ofulumira a zida nthawi zambiri amatenga masiku 10 mpaka 12, koma nthawi yanu yeniyeni imadalira kuchuluka kwa maphunziro, nyengo, mwayi wopita ku ndege, komanso kukonzekera mayeso othandiza. Ndandanda yokhazikika ingachepetse mipata pakati pa maphunziro, pomwe maphunziro osokonekera angafunike kuwunikanso ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chidziwitso chanu choyamba komanso kuthekera kwanu kukwaniritsa muyezo uliwonse wa ndege zimakhudzanso liwiro. Konzani luso lomwe lawonetsedwa, osati tsiku lokha la kalendala.

Gawo 61 kapena Gawo 141?

Gawo 61 limapereka njira yophunzitsira yomangidwa motsatira zomwe mwakumana nazo komanso zofunikira pakuvomereza; Gawo 141 limatsatira njira yovomerezeka komanso yokonzedwa bwino. Yerekezerani momwe njira iliyonse imachitira ndi zomwe mwakumana nazo, kupita patsogolo kwa maphunziro, ndi maphunziro otsala a ndege. Mwachitsanzo, woyendetsa ndege yemwe ali ndi nthawi yayitali ya PIC yodutsa dziko akhoza kulemera mosiyana ndi munthu amene akuyamba mkati mwa dongosolo la maphunziro a sukulu. Kuyenerera bwino kumadalira zolemba zanu, zomwe mumakonda pa maphunziro, ndi dongosolo la ntchito.

Kodi checkride yowunikira zida imatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni?

Mayeso othandiza amawunika ngati mungathe kuchita ntchito zofunika pa chipangizocho motsatira miyezo ya FAA, osati kungokumbukira njira zokha. FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS imaphatikizapo ntchito zoyendera, ntchito zadzidzidzi, ndi njira zoyendetsera chipangizocho. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito imodzi yoyendera imafotokoza liwiro la mpweya mkati mwa mafundo 10, kutalika mkati mwa mapazi 100, ndi mitu yosankhidwa mkati mwa madigiri 10. Ntchito zoyendetsera chipangizocho zimawunikanso kutsatira malangizo ndi kutsatira zofunikira.

Kodi zofunikira za FAA ndi ziti kuti mupeze chiphaso cha zida?

Kuti munthu apeze chiphaso cha zida za ndege, wofunsira ntchito amafunika satifiketi yoyenera yoyendetsa ndege, chidziwitso chofunikira cha ndege ndi ma certification, chidziwitso choyenerera cha ndege, komanso mayeso oyenerera. Ofunsira ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi zaka zosachepera 17 ndipo athe kuwerenga, kulankhula, kulemba, ndi kumvetsetsa Chingerezi. Musanakonze nthawi yoyendera ndege, konzani buku lanu la mbiri ya ndege, nthawi ya PIC yodutsa dziko lonse, maphunziro a aphunzitsi, ndi chidziwitso chenicheni kapena choyerekeza cha zida kuti mudziwe mipata yotsala yoyenerera.

Kodi ndi maola angati a ndege omwe amafunika kuti munthu adziwe ngati chipangizocho chili ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito zida zake pansi pa FAR Part 61?

Pansi pa 14 CFR 61.65, olembetsa ayenera kulemba maola 40 a nthawi yeniyeni kapena yoyerekeza ya chida m'malo enaake ogwirira ntchito. Pa chiŵerengero cha zida ndi ndege, chofunikira chachikulu cha kudutsa dziko ndi maola 50 ngati woyendetsa ndege, kuphatikiza maola 10 mu ndege. Awa ndi magulu osiyana a zochitika, choncho musatenge nthawi ya PIC kudutsa dziko ngati m'malo mwa nthawi ya zida. Unikani zolemba zonse za logbook kuti mudziwe gulu lake ndi cholinga chake.

Kodi zofunikira pa mayeso a chidziwitso cha zida za FAA ndi zigoli zopambana ndi ziti?

Mayeso a chidziwitso cha FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ali ndi mafunso 60 osankha mayankho angapo, 70% yopambana, komanso nthawi yokwanira maola awiri. Pansi pa Gawo 61, ofunsira amafunika kuvomerezedwa ndi mphunzitsi asanalembe mayeso. Zotsatira zopambana zimakhala zovomerezeka kwa miyezi 24, choncho gwirizanitsani kukonzekera mayeso ndi kukonzekera mayeso. Mukamaliza mayeso oyeserera, bwerezaninso mutu uliwonse womwe mwaphonya ndikufotokozera lamulo loyambira kapena njira yogwiritsira ntchito zida m'mawu anu.

Kodi zofunikira pa mayeso othandiza pa zida ndi miyezo ya ACS ndi ziti?

Mayeso othandiza amawunika magwiridwe antchito poyerekeza ndi FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS, kuphatikiza ntchito zofunika pa chipangizo ndi kupanga zisankho. Pa ntchito inayake yolowera, chitsogozo choyima ndi cha m'mbali chiyenera kukhala mkati mwa sikelo ya ¾ pa gawo lomaliza la njira. Ntchito yapadera yolowera yosalondola imafuna kuti kutalika, ngati kuli koyenera, kukhale pamwamba pa MDA +100/-0 mapazi kufika pamalo otsikira kapena njira yophonya. Konzani mwa kuchita ntchito iliyonse ya ACS ndikuwunikanso momwe imalolera.

Kodi zofunikira pakuwunika zida zomwe zili mu Gawo 141 ndi ziti poyerekeza ndi Gawo 61?

Gawo 141 limafuna maola osachepera 35 ophunzitsira ndege kuti mupeze chiyeso choyamba cha zida, pomwe Gawo 61 limagwiritsa ntchito zofunikira pazochitika zomwe zimaphatikizapo maola 40 a nthawi yeniyeni kapena yoyerekeza ya zida. Gawo 141 loyenerera mayeso oyeserera silifuna maola 50 a nthawi ya PIC yodutsa dziko lapansi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa Gawo 61. Yerekezerani buku lanu la mbiri yakale ndi njira yomwe mwasankha musanaphunzire, makamaka ngati mwapeza chidziwitso kunja kwa maphunziro okonzedwa bwino.