Momwe Mungakonzekerere Kuyesa Kuyesa Zida

Kuyesa mayeso a zida zomwe sizinayende bwino sikutanthauza kuyambitsanso kwathunthu: kuyesanso kumangokhala madera omwe simunapambane, ndipo muyenera kulandira maphunziro owonjezera a aphunzitsi m'madera amenewo musanayesenso. Ndondomeko yokhazikika ya momwe mungakonzekere mayeso a zida imayamba ndi kutsimikizira kuyenerera kwanu, kuvomereza, ndi zolemba, kenako kuyeserera ntchito za pakamwa ndi zouluka motsutsana ndi FAA Instrument Rating Airplane ACS, FAA-S-ACS-8C. Kukhala wokonzeka kumatanthauza zambiri kuposa kungodziwa njira; zolemba zanu ndi momwe mumagwirira ntchito zonse ziwiri ndizofunikira.

Ndikoyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa njira ndi luso la zida, koma kusiyana kwa ziyeneretso kapena mapepala kungasokoneze ulendo woyendera ndege isanayambe. Bukuli likufotokoza momwe mungakonzekere ulendo woyendera woyendera zida, kuphatikizapo chidziwitso chofunikira, zikalata zofunsira, kuvomereza kwa aphunzitsi, mayeso oyeserera, zokambirana za pandege, njira zoyendetsera, ndi mitu yayikulu yophunzitsira. Mudzaphunziranso zomwe mungachite ngati simudutsa dera linalake, kuti mukonzekere bwino ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikubwera.

1. Zikalata za Checkride ndi zovomerezeka

Konzani zikalata zanu zofunsira ntchito musanakonze nthawi yoyeserera mayeso oyeserera zida. Mapepala osowa amatha kuchedwetsa mayeso, ngakhale kukonzekera kwanu kwa ndege kutatha. Tsimikizani kuti zovomerezeka za mphunzitsi wanu zikuwonekera mu logbook yanu ndipo zikuwonetsa maphunziro omwe mudalandira. Kenako sonkhanitsani satifiketi zofunika, mbiri ya mayeso, chizindikiritso, ndi fomu yofunsira. Chikalata chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yakeyake, kotero logbook yonse siilowa m'malo mwa fayilo yonse.

Malinga ndi bungwe la Federal Aviation Administration, mphunzitsi wanu ayenera kuvomereza kuti mwalandira ndikulemba maphunziro okonzekera ulendo woyendera ndege mkati mwa miyezi iwiri mwezi usanafike wofunsira. Nthawi ya mwezi uno ndi yofunika: musaganize kuti kuwerengera masiku ochepa kumapereka zotsatira zomwezo. Pemphani mphunzitsi wanu kuti ayang'anenso nthawi yolembetsa ndi nthawi yofunsira pamodzi musanatumize. Kuvomereza kuyenera kulemba kukonzekera kofunikira, osati kungosonyeza kuti mwakambirana za ulendo woyendera ndege.

Gwiritsani ntchito chikalatachi kuti mukonze chikwatu chanu cha checkride:

• Satifiketi yoyendetsa ndege: Bweretsani satifiketi yothandizira pulogalamu yanu yowunikira zida.
• Satifiketi yachipatala: Phatikizanipo satifiketi yanu yapano ya mayeso othandiza.
• Logbook: Bweretsani mbiri ya maphunziro ndi zokumana nazo zomwe zavomerezedwa ndi mphunzitsi.
• Lipoti la mayeso a chidziwitso: Lembani lipoti lolembedwa la mayeso kuti woyesa athe kuwonanso zotsatira zake ndi madera ena aliwonse omwe sanadziwe.
• Kuzindikiritsa chithunzi: Tengani chizindikiritso chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti ndinu ndani.
• ntchito: Lembani fomu ya satifiketi ya ndege kapena fomu yofunsira mayeso, Fomu ya FAA 8710-1.

Unikani mipata yophunzirira ndi mayeso musanayese mayeso a pakamwa. Gwiritsani ntchito mutu uliwonse womwe mwaphonya kuti mufotokoze lingaliro lolondola, kufunika kwake pantchito, ndi momwe limakhudzira chisankho cha IFR. Mwachitsanzo, ngati funso lomwe mwaphonya likuphatikizapo kutanthauzira nyengo, yesetsani kufotokoza momwe chidziwitsocho chimasinthira kukonzekera kwanu kwa ndege. Bweretsani lipoti la mayeso, koma konzekerani kukambirana za chidziwitso chomwe chilipo m'malo modalira mayankho omwe mwawakumbukira.

Kuvomereza kwanu buku la zochitika kuyenera kusonyeza maphunziro ndi kukonzekera m'madera ofunikira owerengera zida. Unikani zolemba za kukonzekera ndi njira zoyendetsera ndege musananyamuke, zilolezo ndi njira zoyendetsera ndege za ATC, njira zoyendetsera ndege, njira zoyendetsera ndege, njira zoyendetsera ndege, ntchito zadzidzidzi, ndi njira zoyendetsera ndege pambuyo pa ulendo. Mphunzitsi wanu ayenera kulumikiza zolembazo ndi momwe mudachitira. Zolemba zomwe sizikumveka bwino kapena zomwe simukuzidziwa bwino zitha kuyambitsa mafunso okhudza ngati mwamaliza kukonzekera komwe kukufunika.

Gwiritsani ntchito muyezo wa FAA kuti muwongolere kuwunika kwanu komaliza kwa zikalata. Malinga ndi Federal Aviation Administration, mayeso othandiza amayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito FAA Instrument Rating Airplane ACS, yomwe imadziwika kuti FAA-S-ACS-8C, kope 8C. Gwirizanitsani umboni wanu wokonzekera ndi zolemba zanu ndi ntchito zomwe zawunikidwa. Ngati dera likufunika maphunziro owonjezera, kambiranani ndi mphunzitsi wanu musanapemphe ntchito. Gawo losapambana limafuna maphunziro owonjezera ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa mphunzitsi watsopano musanayesenso.

2. Mayeso oyeserera pakamwa ndi ma briefing a ndege

Mayeso olankhulidwa ndi zida amakhudza momwe ndege imagwirira ntchito, kukonzekera kudutsa dziko, komanso kupeza zambiri za nyengo. Khalani okonzeka kufotokoza momwe mitu iyi imapangira ndege ya IFR, kuphatikizapo zomwe mungasankhe pokonzekera komanso momwe mungayankhire pakusintha kwa nyengo. Woyesayo amawunika kumvetsetsa kwanu, osati luso lanu lobwereza mawu okha. Lumikizani yankho lililonse ndi chisankho chothandiza, monga ngati nyengo ikugwirizana ndi njira yomwe mwakonzekera.

Pokonzekera mayeso a pakamwa ndi mayeso a pandege, chitani mayeso awiri oyeserera a pakamwa ndi mphunzitsi wa pandege. Gwiritsani ntchito yoyamba kuzindikira madera ofooka, kenako phunzirani mitu imeneyo musanayambe gawo lotsatira. M'masabata awiri musanayambe ulendo wanu, fotokozani mwachidule ulendo uliwonse ngati kuti woyesa wosankhidwa wa ndege akuyang'anirani. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuti kukonzekera kwanu, kufotokoza, ndi zisankho zanu zikhale zogwirizana.

Konzani sewero lililonse mozungulira zochitika zenizeni za kudutsa dziko. Yambani ndi njira, momwe ndege ikuyendera, ndi zambiri za nyengo zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Fotokozani momwe chinthu chilichonse chimakhudzira dongosolo lanu, kenako yankhani mphunzitsi wanu akasintha tsatanetsatane, monga momwe ndege ikuyendera kapena momwe ndege ilili. Izi zimayesa luso lanu logwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso m'malo mobwereza mfundo zosiyana.

Kuyesa mayeso oyeserera ndi kuyesa siteji kumawonjezera kuwunika kwa magwiridwe antchito pakamwa. Pemphani mphunzitsi wanu kuti ayerekezere momwe woyesayo amatsatirira ndondomeko: kambiranani za dongosolo, funsani mafunso otsatira, ndikuwunika momwe mukufotokozera bwino zomwe mwasankha. Mphunzitsi wa pandege angachite mayeso oyeserera asanakuvomerezeni mayeso othandiza. Chitani kusiyana kulikonse ngati cholinga chophunzitsira, osati ngati chifukwa chokumbukira yankho lokonzekera.

Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi iliyonse yofotokozera za ulendo wa pandege kuti muyesere kuyenda bwino komanso mobwerezabwereza:

• Tchulani cholinga: Dziwani njira, ntchito ya chida, kapena chisankho chomwe ndegeyo idzachite.
• Fotokozani dongosolo: Fotokozani nyengo, momwe ndege imagwirira ntchito, kayendetsedwe ka ndege, ndi njira zomwe ATC imayembekezeredwa kuchita.
• Dziwani mfundo zoganizira: Fotokozani zinthu zomwe zingasinthe dongosolo kapena zomwe zingafunike kuchitapo kanthu kena.
• Fotokozani bwino lomwe: Yerekezerani njira yokonzedweratu ndi zomwe zinachitika, kenako lembani zinthu zinazake zoti muchite.

Pitirizani kupereka mauthenga achidule kwa milungu iwiri yonse yokonzekera. Musanayambe ulendo uliwonse, fotokozani zomwe mukuyembekezera kuchita komanso chifukwa chake. Pambuyo pake, dziwani komwe ntchito yanu yasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nyengo yasintha njira yomwe mwakonzekera, fotokozani zomwe mwaganizira zatsopano mokweza. Izi zimalimbitsa kulankhulana koyenera pamodzi ndi luso lanu logwiritsa ntchito zida.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira yowunikira siteji kuti muwone ngati kukonzekera kwanu kuli koyenera pa mafunso ndi ntchito. Pemphani mphunzitsi kusintha zochitika m'malo motsatira zolemba zomwe zakumbukiridwa. maphunziro oyendetsa ndege, gwirizanitsani gawo lililonse lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi cholinga chodziwika bwino cha pakamwa kapena chowuluka.

3. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida

Ntchito yolowera imayang'ana kwambiri luso lanu lotsatira njira. Woyesa amawona kukonzekera kwanu, kuwongolera zida, kulumikizana, ndi kuyankha malangizo osintha. Gawo louluka limaphatikizapo njira ziwiri zosalondola ndi njira imodzi yolondola. Njira imodzi yosalondola iyenera kuyendetsedwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyambira zoyendetsera ndege. Khalani okonzeka kufotokoza kusiyana pakati pa njira ndi momwe mungayendetsere ndegeyo nthawi iliyonse.

Yesetsani njira ziwiri zosiyana zosalondola komanso njira yolondola. Phatikizani njira ya ILS yochepetsera nthawi yomwe mukukonzekera ndege. Njira yozungulira ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati pakufunika. Ngati ndege ili ndi autopilot, yembekezerani kuigwiritsa ntchito njira yosalondola komanso nthawi zina ikathandiza kuyendetsa ndege. Dziwani momwe mungayang'anire automation, kuzindikira mode yosayembekezereka, ndikuwongolera pakafunika kutero.

Sungani mafotokozedwe afupiafupi, athunthu, komanso ogwirizana ndi tchati cha eyapoti yomwe mwasankha. Musanayambe njira iliyonse, dziwani njira, komwe mungayendere, mtunda woyenera, malangizo oti mupiteko, ndi zinthu zomwe zingasinthe dongosolo lanu. Lembani mwachidule ndondomekoyi kuti muthandizire kukonza nthawi yake komanso kuwongolera ndege mokhazikika. Ngati ATC yasintha njira kapena kuyika nthawi yoyimitsa, imani kaye ndikusintha dongosolo lanu m'malo mopitiliza ndi malingaliro akale.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira iliyonse yochitira izi kuti muyesere njira yotsatizana:

• Asanagwiritse ntchito njira iyi: Unikani tchati, dziwani komwe kumachokera njira yoyendera, ndipo fotokozani njira yomwe simunagwiritse ntchito.
• Pa nthawi yokhazikitsa: Tsimikizirani njira yomwe mwapatsidwa ndikukonzekeretsani ndegeyo popanda kutaya chidziwitso cha zida.
• Pa njira yofikira: Tsatirani malangizo ofunikira ndikukhalabe ndi ulamuliro pamene mukuyankha ku ATC.
• Mukafika pamlingo wocheperako: Pangani chisankho choyenera chofikira kapena njira yolakwika yofikira kutengera njira ndi zikhalidwe.

Kugwira ntchito kumafuna njira yofanana. Werengani bwino malo olowera, zindikirani malo olowera ndi kutalika komwe mwapatsidwa, kenako dziwani malo olowera ndi njira yolowera. Yesetsani kufotokoza dongosolo lanu musanafike pamalo olowera. Ngati woyesayo asintha malangizo, bwerezaninso malo olowera ndikusintha dongosolo lanu loyendera. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mutha kuyendetsa malo olowera m'malo mongobwereza njira yochitira.

Mukamaliza njira iliyonse, fotokozani zomwe mwasankha, osati zotsatira zake zokha. Onani komwe nkhaniyi inathandiza, komwe ntchito inakula, komanso ngati makina okha anathandiza kapena anasokoneza kayendetsedwe ka ndege. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kusintha kwa autopilot kumafuna chisamaliro, fotokozani momwe munazindikirira ndi kusunga ulamuliro. Bwerezani njirayo pogwiritsa ntchito tchati kapena bwalo la ndege lina kuti mupange zizolowezi zosinthika m'malo modalira njira imodzi yokumbukiridwa.

4. Kuwunikanso maphunziro a kusukulu yapansi ndi ndege

Gwirizanitsani chidziwitso cha sukulu yapansi panthaka ndi zisankho zomwe mudzapange panthawi ya mayeso othandiza. Unikani kutanthauzira kwa nyengo ya IFR, kukonzekera ndege, machitidwe a ndege, kuyenda, ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida ngati ntchito zina. Mwachitsanzo, fotokozani momwe kusintha kwa nyengo kumakhudzira njira yomwe mwakonzekera, njira zomwe zilipo, ndi chisankho chopitiliza. Yang'anani kwambiri pofotokoza chifukwa chomwe chili kumbuyo kwa chochitika chilichonse, osati kungobwereza njira yokumbukiridwa.

Malinga ndi FAR 61.65, munthu amene akufuna kupatsidwa chiphaso cha zida ndi ndege ayenera kumaliza maphunziro a ndege kwa maola osachepera 15 kuchokera kwa mphunzitsi wodziwa bwino ntchito yophunzitsa chiphaso cha zida, malinga ndi Federal Aviation Administration. Federal Aviation Administration imafunanso maola atatu ophunzitsira zida mu ndege yoyenera yokhala ndi CFI-I mkati mwa miyezi iwiri ya kalendala mayeso asanachitike. Konzani maphunziro a ndege aposachedwapa motsatira ntchito zomwe zimafunika kukonzedwa bwino, kenako gwiritsani ntchito phunziro lililonse kuti mudziwe mipata yeniyeni yogwirira ntchito.

Pangani ndondomeko yokonzekera pakati pa kuphunzira pansi ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi paulendo. Musanayambe gawo loyeserera, sankhani cholinga chimodzi kapena ziwiri, monga kuletsa njira kapena kuchira ku malingaliro osazolowereka. Pambuyo pake, fotokozani chomwe chinayambitsa kusokonekera kulikonse ndi momwe mungakonzere. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungakuthandizeni kuyeserera ntchito za zida, pomwe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumakupatsani mwayi wozigwiritsa ntchito mu ndege. Gwiritsani ntchito ndemanga yowunikira pansi kuti mukonzekere zisankho zomwe mudzakumane nazo paulendo.

FAA Instrument Rating Airplane ACS, FAA-S-ACS-8C, imapereka njira yowunikira. Ntchito zambiri zimafuna kutalika mkati mwa mapazi 100, kupita mkati mwa madigiri 10, ndi liwiro la mpweya mkati mwa mafundo 10. Kulekerera kumeneku kumagwira ntchito pa ntchito zambiri, osati m'malo mwa muyezo wonse wa ntchito iliyonse. Unikaninso mafotokozedwe a ntchito ya ACS, kenako funsani mphunzitsi wanu kuti awunikenso kuwongolera ndi kuweruza. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumafunabe kulankhulana momveka bwino komanso kutsatira malangizo.

Phatikizanipo njira zoyendetsera zida zazikulu komanso kuchira kwachilendo pakukonzekera kwanu mayeso a ndege. Yesetsani kuyankha pochoka, paulendo, kugwira, ndi kufika pomwe mukusunga kuwongolera ndege. Phatikizani njira ya ILS yochepetsera ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, njira yozungulira. Woyesa angayambitse ngozi, choncho yesani kuwongolera ndege patsogolo, kuzindikira vuto, ndikuwuzani momwe mungayankhire. Patsani ndege iliyonse yoyeserera ntchito yodziwika bwino ndipo malizitsani ndi kukambirana mozama.

Kukonzekera nyengo ndi ndege kumafunika kuunikanso kophatikizana, osati kuloweza pamtima kokha. Yesetsani kusonkhanitsa zambiri za nyengo, kuwunika kufunika kwake pa njira, ndikufotokozera momwe zimakhudzira dongosolo lanu. Unikani mauthenga otayika a IFR pansi pa 14 CFR 91.185, kenako gwiritsani ntchito njirayi muzochitika. Ophunzira omwe akuphunzira momwe angakonzekerere ulendo wowunikira zida ayenera kulumikiza kulosera, kuchotsera, kuyenda, njira, ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi mu dongosolo limodzi logwirizana la ndege. Dongosolo lolunjika la momwe mungakonzekere ulendo wowunikira zida limalumikiza phunziro lililonse la pansi ndi chisankho cha ndege chomwe mungathe kufotokoza ndikuchita.

5. Kuyenerera kwa galimoto yowunikira zida

Kuyenerera ndi chinthu chofunikira, osati mwambo. Musanakonzekere nthawi, yerekezerani satifiketi yanu, chidziwitso chanu cha ndege, mbiri ya mayeso a chidziwitso, ndi tsatanetsatane wa ulendo wanu kudutsa dziko ndi zofunikira pa zida ndi ndege. Chidziwitso chokha sichimatsimikizira kuyenerera; ma tikiti anu a ndege ayeneranso kulemba mtundu wofunikira wa ulendo ndi njira. Kupeza mpata msanga kumakupatsani nthawi yokonzekera maphunziro musanayambe mayeso othandiza.

Malinga ndi FAR 61.65, munthu amene akufuna kukwera ndege ndi zida ayenera kukhala ndi maola osachepera 50 a nthawi yoyenda pandege ngati woyendetsa ndege, malinga ndi Federal Aviation Administration. Munthuyo ayeneranso kulemba maola osachepera 40 a nthawi yeniyeni kapena yoyerekeza ya zida, malinga ndi Federal Aviation Administration. Unikani zolemba za logbook kuti mupeze masiku omveka bwino, tsatanetsatane wa ulendo wanu, ndi kuchuluka kwa ndege yomwe mudakwera. Chiwerengero chosiyana ndi chofunikira: nthawi ya PIC yoyenda pandege ndi nthawi ya zida zimasonyeza zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zokumana nazo.

Ndege yofunikira ya IFR yopita kudziko lina ili ndi zofunikira zake. Malinga ndi bungwe la Federal Aviation Administration, munthu amene akufuna kukwera ndege ayenera kumaliza ulendo wa ndege ya IFR yopita kudziko lina ya 250 NM m'njira za ndege kapena njira yolunjika ya ATC. Ndegeyo iyenera kukhala ndi mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zoyendetsera ndege. Ndege iliyonse yoyenerera yopita kudziko lina iyenera kutera pa eyapoti yoposa 50 NM kuchokera pamalo onyamukira molunjika. Tsimikizirani kuti njira yolembedwa, malo otera, ndi njira zoyendera zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikufunikira.

Chongani zinthu zotsalazo monga gulu:

• Chiphaso: Khalani ndi Satifiketi Yoyendetsa Ndege Yachinsinsi.
• Zachipatala: Khalani ndi digiri ya zachipatala ya kalasi yachitatu.
• English: Kutha kuwerenga, kulemba, kulankhula, ndi kumvetsetsa Chingerezi.
• Mayeso a chidziwitso: Zotsatira zomwe zadutsa zimakhalabe zogwira ntchito kwa miyezi 24 ya kalendala.
• Zolemba za ndege: Onetsani zolemba zosamalira ndege, ndi ma test ofunikira komanso ma check a zida zomwe zilipo.

Ophunzira a Gawo 141 ali ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopezera chidziwitso ndi zofunikira pazochitika. Wophunzirayo ayenera kupereka satifiketi yomaliza maphunziro ndikupambana mayeso mkati mwa masiku 60 kuchokera pamene wamaliza maphunziro. Nthawi imeneyi imapangitsa satifiketi ndi tsiku la mayeso kukhala zofunika kwambiri pa dongosolo loyenerera. Maphunziro omwe ali pansi pa Gawo 61 amatsatira zofunikira pazochitika zake, choncho musaganize kuti zomwe zili mu njira imodzi yophunzitsira zimagwira ntchito yokha kwa ina.

Malizitsani kafukufuku woyenerera musanapereke tsiku loyesa. Gwirizanitsani zofunikira zonse ndi zolemba kapena chikalata cha logbook, pezani mbiri iliyonse yomwe ikusowa, ndikuthetsa kusiyana ndi mphunzitsi wanu. Izi zimathandizanso kusiyanitsa kusowa kwenikweni kwa zomwe mwakumana nazo ndi zomwe mukufuna zolemba zomveka bwino. Kuti mupeze gawo lotsatira lokonzedwa bwino, konzani maphunziro anu oyendetsa ndege pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokhudzana ndi zofunikira zomwe muyenera kukwaniritsa.

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Yendani ndi Kuyang'anira Ulendo Wanu Wotsatira

Mayeso othandiza ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri, koma zizolowezi zomwe mumapanga ziyenera kupitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyendetsera ndege. Pangani zisankho mwanzeru, lankhulani momveka bwino, ndikuphunzira kuchokera ku zokambirana zilizonse. Chilango chimenecho chimathandiza kusintha kukonzekera ulendo woyeserera kukhala chiweruzo chabwino cha ntchito za IFR zamtsogolo.

Ndondomeko yolunjika ya momwe mungakonzekerere ulendo wowunikira zida imapatsa maphunziro anu otsala cholinga chomveka bwino. Dziwani zomwe mukufuna kulimbikitsa, kenako gwirizanitsani cholinga chimenecho ndi njira yanu yayikulu yoyendetsera ndege. Flight School USA imapereka maphunziro aukadaulo oyendetsa ndege ndi mapulogalamu olunjika pantchito. Fufuzani njira zophunzitsira zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zolinga zanu ndikupita patsogolo pa ntchito yanu yoyendetsa ndege.

Ngati mwakonzeka kukambirana momwe zolinga zanu zophunzitsira zingagwirizanire gawo lanu lotsatira, Lumikizanani ndi Sukulu ya Ndege ku USABweretsani mafunso anu ndipo tengani sitepe yotsatira ndi cholinga. Mwamanga maziko; tsopano pitirizani kupita patsogolo ndi chidaliro.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndikalephera cheke?

Ngati mwalephera gawo linalake, muyenera kulandira maphunziro ena a mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege m'dera limenelo ndi chivomerezo chatsopano musanayesenso. Mayeso obwerezabwereza amangoperekedwa kumadera omwe simunapambane. Gwiritsani ntchito chidziwitso cha woyesa kuti musavomereze kuti mudziwe ntchito zomwe mwachita, kenako gwirani ntchito ndi mphunzitsi wanu pa dongosolo lochita zinthu moganizira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ntchito yogwira ntchito sinali yokhutiritsa, onaninso chilolezo, kulowa, ndi kuchitidwa musanayesenso.

Kodi woyesa amayesa chilichonse mu ACS?

Woyesa amayesa ntchito zoyeserera zogwira ntchito molingana ndi FAA Instrument Rating Airplane ACS, FAA-S-ACS-8C. Mayesowa safuna kuti wofunsira aliyense achite chilichonse chomwe chili m'chikalatacho. Komabe, konzekerani m'magawo oyenera chifukwa woyesayo amatha kuwunika zambiri kuposa ntchito zomwe mukuyembekezera. Unikaninso chidziwitso cha ntchito iliyonse, kuyang'anira zoopsa, ndi luso lake, kenako khalani okonzeka kufotokoza zisankho komanso kuwonetsa kuwongolera ndege.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa ACS ndi PTS pa ma checkrides ndi kotani?

ACS ndiye muyezo wodziwika bwino wa mayeso oyeserera zida za ndege. Imakonza ntchito zotsimikizira zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso, kasamalidwe ka zoopsa, ndi miyezo ya luso. PTS imatanthauza Miyezo Yoyesera Yothandiza, yomwe oyendetsa kale angakumane nayo m'zida zakale zophunzirira. Pokonzekera pano, gwiritsani ntchito FAA Instrument Rating Airplane ACS, FAA-S-ACS-8C, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zolemba zanu zikugwirizana ndi gulu la ndege ndi mayeso omwe mukufuna.

Kodi zofunikira pa mayeso a FAA instrument rating ndi ziti?

Pansi pa FAR 61.65, Federal Aviation Administration imafuna kuti munthu amene akufuna kukwera ndege ndi zida zake akhale ndi maola osachepera 50 a nthawi yoyenda pandege ngati woyendetsa ndege. Federal Aviation Administration imafunanso kuti ndege ya IFR iyende pandege ya 250 NM m'njira zoyendera ndege kapena njira zoyendetsera ndege motsogozedwa ndi ATC, kuphatikizapo mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya njira zoyendetsera ndege. Federal Aviation Administration imafuna kuti mphunzitsi avomereze kuti mwalandira ndikulemba maphunziro okonzekera ulendo mkati mwa miyezi iwiri mwezi usanafike wofunsira.

Ndi zikalata ndi zitsimikizo ziti zomwe ndiyenera kubweretsa poyesa kuwerengera zida?

Bweretsani satifiketi yanu yoyendetsa ndege ndi yachipatala, buku lolembera lovomerezedwa ndi mphunzitsi, lipoti lolembedwa la mayeso, chizindikiritso cha chithunzi, ndi satifiketi yodzaza ya woyendetsa ndege kapena fomu yofunsira mavoti. Fomu yofunsira ndi Fomu ya FAA 8710-1. Sungani zinthuzo pamodzi kuti woyesayo athe kupeza zolemba zonse mwachangu. Bweretsaninso machati apano, zida ndi mafomu okonzekera ndege, AIM yapano, ndi chipangizo choletsa kuwona. Tsimikizani kuti zolemba zofunika zokonzera ndege yanu zikupezeka kuti muyesedwe.

Kodi ndi njira ziti zoyendetsera ndege zomwe zimafunika poyang'anira zida?

Gawo la ndege likhoza kuphatikizapo kuyendetsa zida, kubwezeretsa malingaliro achilendo, kugwira, ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida. Yembekezerani njira ziwiri zosalondola ndi njira imodzi yolondola; njira imodzi yosalondola imayendetsedwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyambira zoyendetsera ndege. Mayesowa angaphatikizeponso njira ya ILS yochepetsera ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, njira yozungulira. Olembera ntchito ayenera kusonyeza kuti akumvetsa bwino njira zochotsera ATC pochoka, paulendo, pogwira, ndi pofika.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe anthu ambiri amalephera kulembetsa mayeso a zida?

Olembera ntchito angalephere chifukwa cha kufooka kwa kayendetsedwe ka ndege, kusagwira bwino ntchito, kapena kuvutika kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha zida pakusintha kwa zinthu. Kusowa kusintha kwa chilolezo, kusayendetsa bwino njira, kapena kulephera kuzindikira zadzidzidzi kungavumbule kusiyana kwa maphunziro. Mavuto okhudzana ndi zikalata angasokonezenso mayeso. Onani mayankho a mock-checkride ngati umboni weniweni: dziwani ntchitoyo, chisankho kapena luso lomwe likufunika kugwira ntchito, ndi machitidwe ofunikira kuti muwongolere.

Kodi nyengo, zida za ndege, ndi kupezeka kwa njira zoyendera zimakhudza bwanji kukonzekera ulendo woyendera?

Nyengo imakhudza dongosolo lothandiza la ndege komanso njira zomwe zingaganizidwe bwino tsiku limenelo. Zipangizo za ndege zimasankha njira zoyendetsera ndege ndi ntchito zodziyimira zokha zomwe zilipo kuti ziwonetsedwe, pomwe kupezeka kwa njira pa eyapoti yosankhidwa kumakhudza zosankha za woyesa. Konzekerani mwa kuphunzira njira zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi zida zomwe zayikidwa ndi ndege ndikumvetsetsa njira zina pa eyapoti yomwe ikukonzekera. Ngati mikhalidwe kapena zida zisintha, khalani okonzeka kufotokoza momwe mungasinthire dongosolo lanu.