Maola Ogwiritsira Ntchito Zida Zoyeserera: Gawo 142 Limalola Mpaka 30

Mufunika maola 40 enieni kapena oyeserera a nthawi ya chida kuti muyesere zida, koma malire olamulira amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa maola amenewo omwe angachokere ku zoyeserera ndi zida zophunzitsira zomwe zili pansi pa 14 CFR §61.65Mphunzitsi wovomerezeka ayenera kutsatira ndikusayina maphunziro oyeserera kuti awerengedwe, ndipo Kalata Yovomerezeka (LOA) imalamulira ndendende zomwe chipangizo chilichonse chavomerezedwa kuti chiperekedwe. Timawerenga manambala, malamulo olembera pansi pa 14 CFR §61.51, ndi zomwe muyenera kutsimikizira musanagwiritse ntchito chilichonse mwa izi.

TL; DR:

• Maphunziro a Gawo 142 ovomerezeka ndi FAA amakweza ndalama zothandizira FFS kapena FTD kufika pa maola 30; apo ayi, magulu onse a zida amagawana malire a maola 20.
• Ngongole ya BATD ndi ya maola 10 okha ndipo ngongole ya AATD ndi ya maola 20 okha, koma palibe chipangizo chilichonse chomwe chingalowe m'malo mwa chidziwitso chofunikira cha ndege kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yoyesa.
• Lembani chitsanzo cha chipangizocho, chizindikiro cha LOA choyenera, njira zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, siginecha ya mphunzitsi, ndi nambala ya satifiketi; lembani njira zosiyana siyana mukafuna ndalama zomwe mwapeza posachedwapa.
• Musanaphunzitse, gwirizanitsani chitsanzo cha chipangizocho ndi nambala yake ya seri ndi LOA yake, yang'anani zoletsa ndi nthawi yotha ntchito, ndipo sungani LOA ndi QAG kuti ziwunikidwenso.

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

• Kodi ndi maola angati owerengera oyeserera kuti afike pa ochepera maola 40 a chida choyesera
• FFS, FTD, BATD, ndi AATD: zomwe chipangizo chilichonse chimapereka
• Kusunga nthawi yoyenera ya chida cholembera mu logbook yanu
• Kutsimikizira LOA ndi QAG ya chipangizocho musanakhulupirire maola ake
• Zomwe akatswiri oyesa zida amalola pamayeso othandiza
• Maphunziro okonzekera simulator omwe amakulitsa mbiri yanu
• Chifukwa chiyani kutsata malamulo n'kofunika kwambiri monga luso logwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero
• Malizitsani kuwerengera zida zanu ndi maphunziro a Gawo 141 omangidwa mozungulira ngongole ya simulator
• FAQ
• magwero

Kodi ndi maola angati owerengera oyeserera kuti afike pa ochepera maola 40 a chida choyesera

Kuyeza kwa zida kumafuna maola 40 enieni kapena oyerekeza nthawi ya zida, ndipo gawo lofunika la nthawiyo lingachokere ku chipangizo osati ndege. Nthawi zambiri, malire ophatikizana a zoyeserera, zida zophunzitsira ndege (FTDs), ndi zida zophunzitsira ndege (ATDs) ndi maola 20, pa 14 CFR §61.65. Pamene maphunziro anu akuchitika pansi pa maphunziro ovomerezeka ndi FAA Gawo 142, §61.65(h)(1) imalola kuti mulandire ndalama zambiri mpaka maola 30 mu simulator yonse yoyendetsa ndege (FFS) kapena FTD.

Zipangizo zophunzitsira ndege zili ndi malire awoawo, opapatiza mkati mwa kapangidwe kameneka:

• Chipangizo Chophunzitsira Cha Basic Aviation (BATD) chimapereka maola 10 pamlingo woyenera wa chipangizocho.
• Chipangizo Chophunzitsira Ndege Chapamwamba (AATD) chimatha kugwira ntchito mpaka maola 20.
• Popanda kuchotsera Gawo 142, §61.65(j) imachotsa ndalama zonse zomwe chipangizochi chili nazo pa maola 20, mosasamala kanthu kuti maola amenewo amagawidwa bwanji pa mitundu ya chipangizocho.

Ndondomeko yophunzitsira yanthawi zonse ingagwiritsidwe ntchito maola 20 mu AATD poganizira njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito, kenako malizitsani maola 20 otsala a nthawi ya zida mu ndege, kuphatikizapo njira zolowera, njira zolumikizirana, ndi zofunikira zodutsa dziko zomwe chipangizocho sichingakwaniritse. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumafika maola 40 onse pamene kulemekeza malire aliwonse mu lamulo.

FFS, FTD, BATD, ndi AATD: zomwe chipangizo chilichonse chimapereka

Chikalata Cholangiza cha FAA AC 61-136A imatanthauzira magulu a zida zomwe zimawonekera mu maphunziro a Gawo 61 ndi Gawo 141. Choyeserera chathunthu cha ndege chimatsanzira bwalo la ndege loyendera ndi zizindikiro zoyendera mokhulupirika kwambiri; chipangizo chophunzitsira ndege chimatsanzira malo ochitira cockpit popanda kuyenda kwathunthu; ndipo chipangizo chophunzitsira ndege, chogawika m'magulu a Basic (BATD) ndi Advanced (AATD), chimapereka nsanja yotsika mtengo koma yodziwika bwino ya FAA yophunzitsira njira.

Chofunika kwambiri pa mbiri ya chipangizochi ndi kuchepetsa chizindikiro cha gulu lake komanso kuthekera kwake kolembedwa:

• Kukhulupirika kwa makina owonera komanso kulondola kwa zida kumatsimikiza ntchito zomwe chipangizocho chingatsanzire moyenera.
• Ma AATD nthawi zambiri amathandizira kuyenda kwa ndege zenizeni komanso njira zoyendetsera galasi kuposa ma BATD.
• Nthawi ya BATD kapena AATD singagwiritsidwe ntchito poyesa kochita, ndipo palibe ATD yomwe ingalowe m'malo mwa chidziwitso chofunikira cha ndege monga nthawi yoyenda yokha, ntchito zausiku, kapena kunyamuka ndi kutera.

Oyendetsa ndege akukonzekera kusintha kwa chipinda cha galasi Nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti magawo a AATD amapanga njira yolankhulirana mwachangu kuposa nthawi yoyambirira yoyenda pandege, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maola othawa omwe amalipidwa aziyang'ana kwambiri ntchito zomwe chipangizocho sichingathe kuzibwereza.

Kusunga nthawi yoyenera ya chida cholembera mu logbook yanu

Pansi pa 14 CFR §61.51, mulemba nthawi ya chida pokhapokha ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokha, kaya izi zimachitika pa nyengo yeniyeni ya chipangizocho kapena mu simulator kapena chipangizo chovomerezeka. Mphunzitsi wolemba nthawi imeneyo ngati malangizo awiri ayenera kusaina chikalatacho ndi nambala yake ya satifiketi, ndipo chikalatacho chiyenera kugwirizana ndi LOA ya chipangizocho ngati kuli koyenera.

Kulemba kwathunthu kwa log kuyenera kuphatikizapo:

1. Mtundu wa chipangizo ndi chitsanzo chake, popeza mafotokozedwe wamba monga "choyeserera" amachititsa mafunso pambuyo pake.
2. Nambala yofotokozera ya LOA, ngati chipangizocho chikufuna imodzi kuti chikhale ndi ngongole.
3. Kufotokozera mwachidule zomwe zili mu maphunziro, monga njira kapena njira zochitira zinthu zomwe zimachitika.
4. Saini ya mphunzitsi, nambala ya satifiketi, ndi tsiku.
5. Tsatanetsatane wa njira yolowera umalembedwa padera ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito gawoli kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndalama zomwe mwapeza posachedwapa motsatira §61.57©.

Mawu achilengedwe a logbook angalembedwe kuti: “Maphunziro a zida za AATD, njira za ILS ndi RNAV, njira zogwirira ntchito, LOA #12345, zolandiridwa kawiri.” Gawo limenelo la tsatanetsatane limakutetezani ngati woyesa woyendetsa ndege wosankhidwa (DPE) kapena woyang'anira wa FAA awonanso mbiri yanu ya maphunziro pambuyo pake.

Kutsimikizira LOA ndi QAG ya chipangizocho musanakhulupirire maola ake

Chipangizo chilichonse chophunzitsira chovomerezedwa ndi FAA chimagwira ntchito motsatira Kalata Yovomerezeka yolumikizidwa ndi Chitsogozo Chovomerezeka ndi Kuvomerezeka (QAG), ndipo zikalatazi zimafotokoza bwino ntchito zomwe chipangizocho chingapatse ulemu komanso nthawi yomwe chimagwira ntchito. Ma LOA nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwira ntchito kwa miyezi 60 ya kalendala, ndipo mndandanda wa ATD wovomerezeka ndi FAA ndi malangizo amanena kuti malo ophunzitsira ayenera kupereka kopi kwa woyendetsa aliyense pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya chipangizocho kuti apeze satifiketi kapena mbiri.

Musanalembe ola limodzi, tsimikizirani izi ndi mphunzitsi wanu:

• Pemphani kopi yatsopano ya LOA ndi QAG ya chipangizocho.
• Gwirizanitsani chitsanzo cha chipangizo ndi nambala ya seri ndi zomwe LOA yalemba.
• Chongani tsiku lotha ntchito ndi zoletsa zilizonse zomwe zanenedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
• Sungani kopi mu zolemba zanu zophunzitsira, zosiyana ndi mafayilo a sukulu.

Ovomereza Tip: Bweretsani kopi ya LOA ku mayeso anu othandiza; oyesa ena amapempha nthawi yomweyo, ndipo kuikonza kumapewa kuchedwa kwa nthawi.

Zomwe akatswiri oyesa zida amalola pamayeso othandiza

Zipangizo zophunzitsira za ndege siziloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayeso oyeserera a FAA, ngakhale atapereka maola angati pa maphunziro anu. Zipangizo zoyeserera za ndege zonse ndi zida zophunzitsira za ndege zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mayeso ena kapena onse pokhapokha ngati mayesowo achitika kudzera mu pulogalamu yovomerezeka ndi FAA, yomwe nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi malo ophunzitsira a Gawo 142 kapena chilolezo cha woyesa.

Zoletsa zingapo zomwe mungayembekezere ngati sukulu yanu ikupereka mayeso ogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo:

• Oyesa nthawi zambiri amaletsa kuchuluka kapena mtundu wa njira zomwe zimachitika mu FTD poyerekeza ndi ndege.
• Mapepala ovomerezeka ayenera kutsimikiziridwa mayeso asanayambe, osati pa tsiku la mayeso.
• Wophunzitsa wanu ayenera kutsimikizira pasadakhale kuti chipangizo ndi pulogalamu yeniyeniyo ndizovomerezeka pa ulendo womwe mukufuna kutenga.

Kugwirizanitsa izi msanga ndi sukulu yanu yophunzitsa kuyendetsa ndege kumateteza nthawi yoyeserera mayeso chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa zikalata.

Maphunziro okonzekera simulator omwe amakulitsa mbiri yanu

Gawo loyeserera limapeza ulemu wake likatsogozedwa ndi mphunzitsi, lomangidwa motsatira njira zomveka bwino zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito za Airman Certification Standards (ACS), ndipo limatsekedwa ndi debrief ndi log entry yosainidwa. Maphunziro otsatira Gawo 141 kapena Gawo 142 nthawi zambiri amatsegula ngongole yayikulu ya chipangizo kuposa machitidwe anthawi yochepa, popeza maphunziro okha ndi omwe FAA idawunikira popereka chilolezo cha chipangizo cha sukulu.

athu pulogalamu yophunzitsira kuwunika zida Amamanga mabuloko oyeserera mwachindunji mu silabasi ya Gawo 141, kotero gawo lililonse la AATD limalumikizana ndi ntchito inayake ya ACS wophunzira asanalowe mu ndege. Timayang'anira zolemba za LOA mkati, zomwe zimachotsa mtolo wofunafuna mapepala kwa wophunzirayo.

• Gwirizanitsani bolodi lililonse loyeserera ndi njira kapena njira inayake, osati "kugwiritsa ntchito zida" wamba.
• Fotokozani nkhaniyo nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa gawoli pamene nkhaniyo ikadali yatsopano.
• Tsimikizirani ndi mphunzitsi wanu maola omwe chipangizocho chidzagwiritse ntchito mu dongosolo lanu lophunzitsira ndege.

Ovomereza Tip: Konzani nthawi yanu ya AATD sabata isanafike phunziro la ndege lomwe limafotokoza njira yomweyi; kubwerezabwereza kumachitika mwachangu kuposa kuzigawa pakati.

Chifukwa chiyani kutsata malamulo n'kofunika kwambiri monga luso logwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero

Ma simulators amafupikitsa njira yopita ku luso, koma pokhapokha ngati mapepala omwe ali kumbuyo kwawo agwira ntchito bwino. Tawona phindu la maphunziro a gawo la chipangizo choyendetsedwa bwino pamaso pathu: kuthekera koyimitsa, kubwereza, ndi kukonza njira nthawi yomweyo kumathandizira kuphunzira m'njira yomwe ndege sizimalola kawirikawiri. Komabe, palibe chilichonse chomwe chimawerengedwa, ngati LOA yalephera kapena zolemba za logbook zikusowa siginecha. Onani kuti malamulo oyendetsera ndege ndi osagwirizana ndi kuuluka, ndipo phatikizani nthawi iliyonse ya chipangizocho ndi zomwe ndegeyo ikudziwa zomwe malamulo amafunabe.

— Rainer

Malizitsani kuwerengera zida zanu ndi maphunziro a Gawo 141 omangidwa mozungulira ngongole ya simulator

Timakonza zathu Mtengo wa zida Gawo 141 Pulogalamuyo kotero maola oyeserera ndi maola a ndege amagwira ntchito limodzi kukwaniritsa zofunikira za maola 40, ndipo zolemba za LOA zimayendetsedwa ndi gulu lathu m'malo mokusiyidwa kwa inu kuti muzitsatira. Timachitanso mayeso a FAA mkati, zomwe zimafupikitsa kudikira pakati pa kumaliza maphunziro anu ndi kulemba mayeso anu othandiza.

• Funsani za zolemba za LOA ndi QAG zomwe zilipo pa chipangizo chilichonse chomwe chili mu silabasi yanu.
• Unikani momwe choyimitsa chimatsekereza mapu a ndondomeko yanu yophunzitsira ndege musanalembetse.
• Tsimikizirani kuti galimoto yanu ikupezeka mkati mwa kampani ngati gawo la nthawi ya pulogalamu yanu.

Lumikizanani nafe kudzera patsamba lathu la maphunziro oyendetsa ndege kuti muwone momwe kuwerengera zida kumagwirizanirana ndi dongosolo lanu lalikulu la satifiketi.

FAQ

Kodi ndi maola angati owerengera oyeserera pa chiŵerengero cha zida?

Mpaka maola 20 a nthawi yoyeserera, FTD, kapena ATD nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa malinga ndi zofunikira za chipangizo cha maola 40 pansi pa 14 CFR §61.65, ndipo mpaka maola 30 amaloledwa mu FFS kapena FTD pansi pa pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya Gawo 142. Ma BATD amatha maola 10 ndipo ma AATD amatha maola 20 mkati mwa malire onsewo.

Kodi lamulo la 6-6-6 IFR ndi lotani?

Mawu awa si mawu olamulira a FAA, ndipo safotokozedwa mu 14 CFR kapena zinthu zolangizira za FAA. Ngati mwakumana nazo kwina, tsimikizirani gwero lake motsutsana ndi 14 CFR §61.65 ndi §61.57, popeza zofunikira pa zomwe zachitika posachedwapa komanso zofunikira pakuyesa zafotokozedwa momveka bwino pamenepo.

Kodi lamulo la FAA la maola 1500 ndi liti?

Lamulo la maola 1,500 limatanthauza nthawi yonse youluka yomwe imafunika kuti munthu akhale ndi satifiketi ya Airline Transport Pilot (ATP), yomwe ndi yosiyana ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha zida. Silikhudza momwe maola oyeserera amagwirira ntchito pa chiwerengero cha zida zokha.

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito nthawi yoyeserera pagalimoto yanga yoyang'anira zida?

Zipangizo zophunzitsira za ndege siziloledwa pa mayeso oyeserera a FAA. Choyeserera ndege yonse kapena FTD chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo la checkride pokhapokha ngati mayesowo achitika kudzera mu pulogalamu yovomerezeka ndi FAA, choncho tsimikizirani chilolezo ndi wophunzitsa wanu musanakonzekere nthawi.

Kodi mphunzitsi wanga ayenera kulemba chiyani kuti aphunzire zida zoyeserera?

Mphunzitsi wanu ayenera kulemba mtundu wa chipangizo ndi chitsanzo chake, chizindikiro chilichonse cha LOA choyenera, kufotokozera kwa maphunziro omwe achitika, ndi siginecha yawo yokhala ndi nambala ya satifiketi, mogwirizana ndi 14 CFR §61.51. Tsatanetsatane uwu umateteza mbiri ngati zolembazo ziwunikidwanso pambuyo pake.

magwero

• 14 CFR § 61.65 - Zofunikira pa kuwerengera zida.
• AC 61-136A — Kuvomerezedwa kwa Zipangizo Zophunzitsira Ndege ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kwake Pamaphunziro ndi Chidziwitso

akulimbikitsidwa

• 250 NM, Njira Zitatu, Kulowa Kumodzi: Malamulo a FAA Instrument Cross Country
• Pulogalamu Yophunzitsira Kuyesa Zida za Oyendetsa Ntchito
• Simulator ya Ndege: # 1 Ultimate Guide to Pilot Training
• Sukulu Yoyendetsa Ndege Ndi Udindo Wa Flight Simulator