Gabatarwa zuwa Sashe na 91, 121, da 135
Duniyar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ana tafiyar da ita ne ta tsarin ƙa'idodi masu sarƙaƙƙiya waɗanda ke tabbatar da tsaro da tsaro na duk bangarorin da abin ya shafa. Tsakanin wannan tsarin a Amurka shine Dokokin Jirgin Sama na Tarayya (FARs), wanda ya ƙunshi Sashe na 91, 121, da 135. Waɗannan sassan su ne tushen tsari na duk ayyukan jirgin kuma fahimtar su yana da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke da hannu a cikin jirgin.
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan sassa yana sarrafa wani bangare daban-daban na jirgin sama. Sashe na 91 ya shafi zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na gabaɗaya, Sashe na 121 ya ƙunshi jigilar jigilar jiragen sama da aka tsara, sashe na 135 kuma ya shafi ayyukan buƙatu da na ababen hawa. Ko da yake suna iya kama da kamanni a kallon farko, kowane bangare yana da ƙa'idodi na musamman da buƙatu waɗanda suka bambanta.
Fahimtar waɗannan bambance-bambance yana da mahimmanci ga matukan jirgi, masu sarrafa jirgin, da masu sha'awar jiragen sama iri ɗaya. Wannan labarin zai ba da zurfin duban kowane ɗayan waɗannan sassa, yana nuna mahimman bambance-bambancen su da abubuwan da ke tattare da matukan jirgi da masu aiki.
Fahimtar Sashe na 91: Babban Jirgin Sama
Sashe na 91 na Dokokin Jiragen Sama na Tarayya shine sashin da ke tafiyar da harkokin sufurin jiragen sama na gaba ɗaya. Jirgin sama na gabaɗaya, a ma'anarsa mafi faɗi, ya ƙunshi duk ayyukan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama waɗanda ba a rarraba su azaman kasuwanci ko na soja ba. Wannan ya haɗa da ayyuka kamar tashi masu zaman kansu, horar da jirgin sama, zirga-zirgar kasuwanci, da kuma zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na nishaɗi.
An tsara ƙa'idodin da aka zayyana a wannan ɓangaren don tabbatar da amincin waɗannan ayyukan. Sun ƙunshi batutuwa da yawa, tun daga buƙatun kayan aikin jirgin zuwa ƙa'idodin jirgin da hanyoyin aiki. Misali, ya kayyade cewa dole ne matukan jirgi su kula da yanayin gani tare da kasa yayin jirgin, sai dai idan sun sami takamaiman izini don Dokokin jirgin sama (IFR) aiki.
Duk da cikakkiyar yanayinsa, galibi ana ganinsa a matsayin mafi ƙarancin ƙuntatawa na sassa uku. Yana ba da damar haɓaka da yawa a cikin ayyuka, amma wannan sassaucin ya zo tare da matsayi mafi girma na alhakin sirri ga matukin jirgi a cikin umarni.
Fahimtar Sashe na 121: Shirye-shiryen Jirgin Sama
Sashe na 121 na FARs ne ke tafiyar da ayyukan jigilar jiragen da aka tsara. Waɗannan su ne kamfanonin jiragen sama waɗanda ke aiki akan jadawalin yau da kullun, suna ba da zirga-zirga ga jama'a. Manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama irin su American Airlines, Delta, da United suna ƙarƙashin wannan rukunin.
Dokokin da ke ƙarƙashin wannan Sashe sun fi na waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin Sashe na 91. Sun ƙunshi wurare da yawa, gami da kula da jirgin sama, horar da ma'aikatan jirgin, ayyukan jirgin, da hanyoyin aminci. An tsara waɗannan dokoki don tabbatar da mafi girman matakin aminci ga fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin.
Ɗaya daga cikin ma'anar ayyukan Sashe na 121 shine buƙatun kamfanin jirgin sama ya riƙe jirgin Takaddun Jirgin Jirgin Sama. Wannan takardar shaidar, ta bayar da Tarayyar Firayim Jirgin Sama (FAA), ya tabbatar da cewa kamfanin jirgin ya cika ka'idojin aminci da ake bukata kuma yana da izinin gudanar da ayyuka.
Fahimtar Sashe na 135: Buƙatu da Ayyukan Aiki
Wannan Sashe na FARs ne ke tafiyar da ayyukan masu aiki da ake buƙata da masu ababen hawa. Waɗannan ma'aikatan suna ba da jiragen da ba a tsara su ba ko kuma ba safai ba, galibi suna cin abinci ga matafiya na kasuwanci ko daidaikun mutane masu neman sabis na haya.
Kamar 121, ayyuka 135 suna buƙatar Takaddun Shaida ta Jirgin Sama. Koyaya, ƙa'idodin ƙarƙashin Sashe na 135 ba su da ƙarfi fiye da waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin Sashe na 121. Sun ƙunshi yankuna daban-daban, gami da ka'idodin jirgin sama, kula da jirgin sama, da cancantar ma'aikatan.
Duk da raguwar ƙirƙira, Sashe na 135 har yanzu yana kiyaye babban matakin sa ido kan aminci. FAA tana sa ido sosai kan waɗannan ayyuka don tabbatar da bin ƙa'idodi da kiyaye lafiyar fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin.
Babban bambance-bambance tsakanin
Yayin da sassan uku duk ke tafiyar da bangarori daban-daban na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, kowannensu yana da ƙa'idodinsa na musamman da kuma abubuwan da suka faru. Ɗayan mahimman bambance-bambancen shine a matakin sa ido na tsari. Sashe na 91, Gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na gabaɗaya, shine mafi ƙarancin ƙuntatawa, yana ba da damar samun sassauci mai girma amma kuma yana sanya babban nauyi na sirri akan matukin jirgin.
A gefe guda kuma, Sashe na 121 da 135, waɗanda ke tafiyar da jigilar jiragen sama da aka tsara da kuma ayyukan buƙatu/masu tafiya bi da bi, suna buƙatar Takaddun Takaddar Jirgin Sama kuma suna ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi masu tsauri. Koyaya, Sashe na 135 ba shi da iyakancewa fiye da Sashe na 121, yana nuna nau'ikan ayyukan da suke gudanarwa.
Wani maɓalli mai mahimmanci yana cikin ƙa'idodin aiki. Misali, Sashe na 91 ana gudanar da ayyuka da farko a ƙarƙashin dokokin jirgin gani (VFR), yayin da Sashe na 121 da 135 ana gudanar da su a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin jirgin sama (IFR).
Dokokin Aiki
An tsara ka'idojin aiki na sassa uku don tabbatar da aminci da ingancin ayyukan jirgin. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun ƙunshi wurare da yawa, tun daga ƙa'idodin jirgin sama da hanyoyin aiki zuwa kula da jirgin sama da cancantar ma'aikata.
Dokokin Sashe na 91, kasancewar mafi ƙarancin ƙuntatawa, suna ba da dama ga sassauƙa da yawa a cikin ayyukan jirgin. Koyaya, wannan sassauci yana zuwa tare da alhakin tabbatar da amincin jirgin. Sabanin haka, Sashe na 121 da 135 suna da tsauraran ƙa'idodin aiki, suna nuna babban rikitarwa da haɗarin da ke tattare da waɗannan ayyukan.
Duk da bambance-bambance a cikin ƙa'idodin aikin su, duk sassan uku suna da manufa ɗaya: don tabbatar da tsaro da tsaro na ayyukan jirgin. Ana cimma wannan burin ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar sa ido kan tsari da alhakin kai tsaye na matukan jirgi da masu aiki.
Dokokin tsaro a cikin sassa uku
Tsaro yana cikin tsakiyar ƙa'idodin a cikin sassa uku. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun kafa mafi ƙarancin ƙa'idodin aminci don ayyukan jirgin, rufe wurare kamar gyaran jirgin sama, horar da ma'aikata, da hanyoyin aiki.
Sashe na 91, Gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na gabaɗaya, yana ba da fifiko mai ƙarfi kan alhakin keɓaɓɓen alhakin matukin jirgin a cikin umarni. Dokokin aminci a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 91 an ƙera su ne don samar da matukan jirgi da sassauci don sarrafa ayyukansu yayin tabbatar da amincin jirgin.
Sabanin haka, ƙa'idodin aminci a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 121 da 135 sun fi rubutawa, suna nuna haɗarin da ke tattare da waɗannan ayyukan. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun kafa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin aminci don kula da jirgin sama, horar da ma'aikatan jirgin, da ayyukan jirgin.
Yadda Sassan Uku ke shafar matukan jirgi
Dokokin a cikin sassan uku suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan matukan jirgi. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin sun bayyana ƙa'idodin aiki, ƙa'idodin aminci, da buƙatun takaddun shaida waɗanda dole ne matukan jirgi su bi.
Ga matukan jirgi da ke aiki ƙarƙashin Sashe na 91, ƙa'idodin suna ba da sassaucin aiki mai yawa. Koyaya, wannan sassauci yana zuwa tare da alhakin tabbatar da amincin jirgin. Matukin jirgi da ke aiki ƙarƙashin Sashe na 91 dole ne su sami cikakkiyar fahimtar ƙa'idodi kuma su iya yanke shawara mai kyau don amfanin aminci.
Don matukin jirgi da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 121 da 135, ƙa'idodin sun fi ƙa'ida. Waɗannan matukan jirgi dole ne su bi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin aiki da ƙa'idodin aminci, kuma FAA suna ƙarƙashin bincikawa da dubawa akai-akai.
Zaɓin aikin da ya dace
Zaɓin aikin da ya dace ya dogara da abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da yanayin aikin, nau'in jirgin da aka yi amfani da shi, da takamaiman bukatun fasinjoji.
Sashe na 91 ya dace sosai don tashi mai zaman kansa, horar da jirgin sama, da kuma zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, inda aka ba da fifiko kan sassauci da alhakin kai. A gefe guda, Sashe na 121 shine mafi dacewa ga kamfanonin jiragen sama da ke aiki akan jadawalin yau da kullun, inda aminci da aminci ke da mahimmanci. Ga masu aiki da ke ba da jiragen da ba a tsara ba ko kuma ba safai ba, Sashe na 135 shine mafi kyawun zaɓi, yana ba da daidaito tsakanin sassauci da sa ido na tsari.
A yin wannan shawarar, yana da mahimmanci ga masu aiki suyi la'akari da buƙatun aikin su a hankali da kuma ka'idodin ka'idojin kowane bangare. Ya kamata kuma su yi la'akari da neman shawarar kwararru don tabbatar da sun yi zaɓi mafi kyau.
Kammalawa
Sashe na 91, 121, da 135 na Dokokin Jiragen Sama na Tarayya sune ginshiƙan ginshiƙan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a Amurka. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna tafiyar da duk wani nau'i na ayyukan jirgin, daga sufurin jiragen sama na gabaɗaya zuwa shirye-shiryen jigilar jiragen sama da ayyukan buƙatu/tafiya.
Duk da yake waɗannan sassa na iya zama kamar hadaddun da ban tsoro a kallon farko, fahimtar su yana da mahimmanci ga duk wanda ke da hannu a cikin jirgin. Ta hanyar fahimtar bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waɗannan sassan da abubuwan da suke haifar da matukan jirgi da masu aiki, za ku iya yanke shawara da kuma tabbatar da aminci da nasarar ayyukanku.
Tuntube mu ko kira Florida Flyers Team a + 1 904 209 3510 don zama ƙwararren matukin jirgi mai nasara.
