Co-Pilot: Menene shi da yadda ake zama ɗaya - Jagoran Ƙarshen #1

Ana yawan jin kalmar mataimakin matukin jirgi a cikin fina-finai, tattaunawar jirgin ruwa, da littattafan jirgin sama-amma menene ainihin ma'anarta? A cikin duniyar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na kasuwanci, mataimakin matukin jirgi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kowane jirgin, yana aiki tare da kyaftin don tabbatar da aminci, daidaito, da aiki daga tashi zuwa saukowa.

Ko kana nufin jirgin jirgin saman jirgin sama, sana'a a jirgin sama na haya, ko kuma dogon buri na zama kyaftin, farawa a matsayin ma'aikacin matukin jirgi shine matakin farko na hukuma a cikin ƙwararrun tafiyar jirgin sama. Amma yana ɗaukar fiye da sha'awa kawai - yana buƙatar lasisin da ya dace, horo, da ƙwarewar jirgin sama don isa wurin.

A cikin wannan jagorar, za ku koyi ainihin abin da mataimakin matukin jirgi ya yi, irin cancantar da za ku buƙaci, yadda za ku zama ɗaya, wane irin albashi kuke tsammani, da yadda za ku matsa daga wurin da ya dace zuwa kujerar kyaftin.

Menene mataimakin matukin jirgi?

Mataimakin matukin jirgi, wanda kuma aka sani da a jami'in farko, shine mai umarni na biyu (SIC) na jirgin sama. Yayin da kyaftin ɗin ke da iko na ƙarshe, mataimakiyar matukin jirgin yana da lasisi daidai gwargwado kuma an horar da shi don sarrafa jirgin, raba ayyukan jirage, da sarrafa iko idan ya cancanta. A mafi yawan benayen jirgi biyu na zamani, ana raba nauyi daidai da yadda ake tabbatar da aminci da rage gajiya.

Ana amfani da kalmar "co-pilot" da "jami'i na farko" a maɓalli a cikin jiragen kasuwanci da masu zaman kansu. Bambancin baya cikin lasisi, amma a matsayin wurin zama da kuma tsarin kamfani. Matukin jirgin sama yakan zauna a gefen dama na jirgin kuma yana taimakawa a duk matakan jirgin - daga duba jirgin kafin tashi zuwa tasi na ƙarshe.

Ko da yake ana ganin sau da yawa a matsayin tsani ga kyaftin, aikin mataimakin matukin jirgi yana da mahimmanci a kansa. Yana buƙatar ilimin fasaha mai zurfi, ƙwarewar sadarwa, da cikakken shiri don ɗaukar umarni a kowane lokaci.

Mabuɗin alhakin mataimakin matukin jirgi

Aikin mataimakin matukin jirgi ya wuce “taimakawa kyaftin.” Suna da cikakken alhakin tafiyar da jirgin cikin aminci da inganci-musamman a cikin yanayi mai yawa na aiki.

Mahimman ayyuka sun haɗa da:

• Shirye-shiryen kafin tashi: Bitar yanayi, tsare-tsaren jirgin sama, tsarin jirgin sama, da buƙatun mai.
• Taimakawa yayin duk matakan tashi: Yin juyi tare da kyaftin akan jirgin sama, sadarwar rediyo, da sarrafa jerin abubuwan dubawa.
• Tsarin kulawa: Koyaushe bincika aikin injin, kayan aiki, da abubuwan shigar da kewayawa.
• Gudanar da gaggawa: Karɓar iko idan kyaftin ɗin ba shi da ƙarfi, da tallafawa hanyoyin gaggawa kamar yadda aka horar da su.
• Haɗin kai: Tsayawa a sarari, natsuwa sadarwa tare da kyaftin, ma'aikatan gida, da Gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama (ATC).

A cikin kowane jirgin, mataimakin matukin jirgin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da saitin idanu biyu, da hankali biyu, da hannaye biyu suna sarrafa jirgin sosai. Wannan sakewa wani ginshiƙi ne na amincin jirgin sama na zamani-kuma me yasa kujerar da ta dace ba ta zama madadin kawai ba.

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don zama mataimakin matukin jirgi

Don samun cancantar matsayi na dama a cikin jirgin sama na kasuwanci, za ku buƙaci fiye da sha'awar tashi - kuna buƙatar saduwa da ƙayyadaddun ka'idoji da ka'idojin horo da FAA (ko kuma hukumar kula da sufurin jiragen sama ta gida).

Aƙalla, masu neman matukin jirgi dole ne su riƙe a Lasisin Pilot Kasuwanci (CPL), wanda ke ba su damar biyan su bisa doka ta hanyar jirgin sama. Baya ga CPL, ana buƙatar waɗannan yawanci:

• Rimar kayan aiki - Don tashi a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin jirgin sama na kayan aiki (IFR) da kuma kula da ƙarancin gani
• Ƙimar Multi-Injini - Ana buƙata don yawancin ayyukan jirgin sama ko jet
• Takaddun shaida na Likita na aji na biyu - Don tabbatar da lafiyar jiki da ta hankali don zirga-zirgar kasuwanci
• Faransanci harshen ƙwarewa – Kamar yadda ICAO ta ba da umarni na ayyukan kasa da kasa

Wasu kamfanonin jiragen sama na iya buƙatar ƙaramar adadin sa'o'i, har ma don matakin shiga jami'a na farko. Don mukaman jirgin sama na Amurka, yawancin 'yan takara dole ne su riƙe ko su cancanci shiga Lasin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Sama (ATPL), wanda ke buƙatar jimlar awoyi 1,500 na tashi.

Hanyar horar da jirgin sama: mataki-mataki

Zama jami'in kasuwanci na farko ba aikin dare ɗaya bane. Yana buƙatar ci gaba ta matakan horo da yawa, kowanne yana gina ƙwarewa da alhakin na ƙarshe.

Ga daidaitattun hanyar:

1. Lasisin Pilot mai zaman kansa (PPL) – Wannan shine tushen ku. Za ku koyi ainihin aerodynamics, sarrafa jirgin sama, da kewayawa.
2. Ƙimar Instrument (IR) - Yana ƙara ikon tashi lafiya cikin gajimare, hazo, da ƙarancin gani.
3. Matakin Gina Lokaci - Yawancin matukan jirgi suna shiga sa'o'i 100-200 solo ko tare da wasu masu horo don biyan bukatun kasuwanci.
4. Lasisin Pilot Kasuwanci (CPL) – Yana ba ku haƙƙin doka don tashi haya.
5. Ƙimar Multi-Injini - Ana buƙata don jiragen tagwayen inji, gami da yawancin jiragen kasuwanci da na haya.
6. Ƙwararrun Malamin Jirgin Sama (CFI) (Dama) – Yawancin matukan jirgi sun ba da umarnin gina sa’o’i kafin su nemi kamfanonin jiragen sama.
7. Takaddar ATP (idan an buƙata) - Domin ayyukan jirgin saman Amurka, kuna buƙatar sa'o'i 1,500 kuma dole ne ku wuce gwajin ATP.

Yawancin matukan jirgi suna kammala waɗannan matakan a cikin watanni 18 zuwa 24, ya danganta da jadawalin horonsu, kasafin kuɗi, da kuma yadda suka zaɓi gina sa'o'i.

A ina ne mataimakan jirgin ke aiki?

Ana amfani da matukan jirgi a matsayi na biyu a matsayin na biyu a cikin fagagen jiragen sama da dama-ba wai kamfanonin jiragen sama ba. Yayin da yawancin jami'ai na farko suka yi niyyar aikin jirgin sama, akwai damammaki da yawa don samun gogewa da sa'o'in tashi a wasu ayyuka.

Wuraren aiki gama gari sun haɗa da:

• Kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasuwanci - Dillalai na cikin gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa sun kasance manyan ma'aikata, suna ba da ingantattun hanyoyin haɓakawa ga matsayin kyaftin.
• Kamfanonin jiragen sama na yanki – Shahararren wurin farawa, musamman a Amurka, ga matukan jirgin da ke neman saurin gogewa a cikin jirgin saman injin turbin.
• Yarjejeniya da sufurin jiragen sama na kamfanoni – Jiragen kasuwanci da jiragen sufuri na VIP sukan yi hayar ma’aikatan matukin jirgi biyu, gami da matakin shigar SICs.
• Ayyukan kaya - Kamfanoni kamar FedEx, DHL, da UPS suna hayar matukan jirgi na biyu don jigilar kaya.
• Gwamnati da EMS - Wasu ayyuka sun kasance a cikin ayyukan kiwon lafiya na gaggawa, kashe gobara, da ayyukan sufuri na tarayya.

Wannan faffadan bukatu yana bawa matukan jirgi damar samun gogewar tashi ta duniya yayin aiki zuwa ga manyan ayyuka-kuma a yawancin lokuta, don gina sa'o'i zuwa cancantar kyaftin.

Tsammanin albashin mataimakin matukin jirgi

Abubuwan da ake samu don matsayi na biyu na umarni sun bambanta ya danganta da gogewa, ma'aikata, nau'in jirgin sama, da yanki. Albashi na matakin shiga na iya zama kamar yana da ƙanƙanta a farkon, amma yanayin haɓaka yana da tsayi-musamman a cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama waɗanda ke da ma'auni na tushen albashi.

A cikin Amurka, albashin matakin shigarwa yawanci yakan tashi daga $40,000 zuwa $60,000 a kowace shekara, musamman a dillalan yanki. Yayin da kwarewa ke girma, ko kuma yayin da matukan jirgi ke tafiya cikin jirgin sama ko hanyoyin kasa da kasa, jami'an farko na iya samun sama da dala 90,000 zuwa $120,000 kowace shekara.

Ga wasu abubuwa masu tasiri:

• Jirgin sama vs. Charter: Manyan dillalai gabaɗaya suna biyan kuɗi fiye da masu aikin haya.
• Nau'in jirgin sama: Jami'an farko da aka ƙididdige Jet suna samun fiye da waɗanda ke tashi turboprops ko jirgin sama mara nauyi.
• Ƙungiyar da babba: An tsara biyan kuɗin jirgin sama, tare da haɓaka bisa ga shekarun sabis da girman jirgin.
• Yanayin yankiBiyan kuɗi ya bambanta da ƙasa da yanki-matukin jirgi a Arewacin Amurka da Gabas ta Tsakiya suna samun kuɗi fiye da waɗanda ke sassan Asiya ko Kudancin Amurka.

Ko da yake ƴan shekarun farko game da ƙwarewar gini ne, samun damar samun dogon lokaci a cikin jirgin sama yana da mahimmanci - musamman ga waɗanda suka ci gaba da zama kyaftin.

Ci gaba: daga mataimakin matukin jirgi zuwa kyaftin

Ga yawancin masu sha'awar aviators, wurin zama daidai shine farkon kawai. Ci gaba daga matsayi mai goyan baya zuwa wurin zama na hagu - kyaftin - burin aiki ne na halitta kuma mai lada. Amma yin wannan tsalle yana buƙatar fiye da lokaci kawai a cikin iska.

Yawancin kamfanonin jiragen sama da masu aikin haya suna haɓaka cikin gida dangane da haɗakar:

• Lokacin awajan: Tara sa'o'i 1,500+ yawanci shine ma'auni na farko, amma kyaftin galibi suna da kusanci da 3,000-4,000 hours, gami da mahimman lokacin PIC (Pilot-in-Command).
• Dattijo: A manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama, haɓakawa yana dogara ne akan tsarin ƙungiyoyi ko manyan kamfanoni, wanda ke ba da lada ga matukin jirgi waɗanda suka daɗe tare da jigilar kaya iri ɗaya.
• Ƙimar gwaninta: Binciken na'urar kwaikwayo, ƙididdigar layi, da kuma horo na yau da kullun sun tabbatar da shirye-shiryen jagorantar ma'aikatan jirgin.
• Ikon jagoranci: Kyaftin suna da alhakin ba kawai don aikin jirgin sama ba har ma don yanke shawara, daidaitawar ma'aikatan, da aminci gaba ɗaya.

Canjin wani babban ci gaba ne - kuma wanda ke nuna ƙwarewa, amincewa, da shirye-shiryen jagoranci. Ga matukan jirgin da suka fara ƙarfi kuma suka tsaya tsayin daka, tashi daga matukin jirgi zuwa kyaftin ba kawai zai yiwu ba - ana sa ran.

Kammalawa

Tafiya zuwa zama mataimakin matukin jirgi tsari ne, ƙalubale, kuma a ƙarshe yana da lada. Daga gina ainihin ƙwarewar jirgin sama a cikin horarwa zuwa sarrafa hadadden jirgin sama a matsayin na biyu a umarni, aiki ne da aka gina shi akan ladabtarwa, daidaito, da zurfin sha'awar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama.

Ko burin ku shine shiga babban jirgin sama, tashi jiragen kasuwanci, ko kuma a ƙarshe ba da umarnin ma'aikatan jirgin ku, aikin jami'in farko shine inda duk ya fara. Tare da lasisin da ya dace, makarantar jirgin sama, da sadaukarwa, zaku iya fara wannan tafiya kuma ku gina makoma inda kowane wurin zama a cikin jirgin ya kawo ku kusa da hagu.

Idan kuna da gaske game da jirgin sama, hanyar a bayyane take - kuma wurin da ya dace yana jira.

Kuna shirye don fara tafiya zuwa wurin da ya dace?

Florida Flyers Flight Academy yana ba da shirye-shiryen horarwa na FAA wanda aka tsara don ɗaukar ku daga ɗalibi zuwa ƙwararru a cikin ƙasan watanni 12-18. Ko kuna farawa daga sifili ko neman saurin bin diddigin horon kasuwancin ku, zaku sami tsari, tallafi, da lokacin tashi da kuke buƙata don gina aikinku.

FAQ: co-pilot zuwa kyaftin

tambaya	Amsa
Shin mataimakin matukin jirgi daya ne da jami'in farko?	Ee. Dukansu sharuɗɗan suna magana ne ga mai ba da umarni na biyu wanda ke taimaka wa kyaftin kuma zai iya sarrafa jirgin gabaɗaya.
Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don zama mataimakin matukin jirgi?	Yawancin matukan jirgi sun kai matsayin jami'in farko a cikin watanni 18 zuwa 24 na horo na cikakken lokaci da ginin sa'a.
Shin mataimakin matukin jirgi zai iya tuka jirgin?	Lallai. Matukin jirgi a cikin wannan rawar suna canza ayyuka tare da kyaftin kuma suna iya ɗaukar tashi, saukarwa, ko duka ƙafafu na jirgin.
Menene albashin mataimakin matukin jirgi?	Matsakaicin albashin matakin shiga ya tashi daga $40,000 zuwa $60,000/shekara, tare da manyan jami’an farko suna samun $90,000+ dangane da mai aiki.
Shin ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya za su iya zama mataimakan matukin jirgi a Amurka?	Ee. Tare da ingantattun biza, takaddun shaida na FAA, da amincewar TSA, ɗalibai na duniya zasu iya horarwa da aiki a cikin tsarin jirgin sama na Amurka.

Tuntuɓi Tawagar Ilimin Jirgin Sama na Florida Flyers a yau a (904) 209-3510 don ƙarin koyo game da yadda ake yin canjin lasisin matukin jirgi na ƙasashen waje a cikin matakai 4.