Ukuqonda Ukudinwa kwePilot kwishishini leenqwelomoya
Ukudinwa komqhubi wenqwelo-moya ibe ngumxholo oxhalabisayo okhulayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngumba onzima ochaphazela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kuwo onke amacandelo oshishino lwezophapho, ukusuka kwiinkampani zeenqwelomoya zorhwebo ukuya kubathuthi bempahla. Ukudinwa komqhubi wenqwelo-moya kungaphezulu nje kokuziva udiniwe. Yimeko emandundu enokuthi ichaphazele amandla omqhubi wenqwelo-moya, ibeke esichengeni ukhuseleko yaye oko kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo eyintlekele.
Uphando lubonise ukuba ukudinwa komqhubi kunokuthoba izakhono ezibalulekileyo zokuqonda kunye nokusebenza, njengexesha lokuphendula, izakhono zokuthatha izigqibo, kunye nokwazi imeko. Ngaphezu koko, ukudinwa kunokukhokelela ekutshintsheni kweemvakalelo, ukunciphisa inkuthazo, kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu weempazamo.
Iimfuno eziphezulu ezibekwe kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, kunye neeshedyuli zomsebenzi ezingaqhelekanga, ixesha elide lomsebenzi, ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo, kunye neempembelelo zefiziyoloji zokubhabha, zinegalelo kumba oxhaphakileyo wokudinwa kokulinga. Ukuqonda amasuntswana alo mba kuyafuneka ekusonjululweni kwawo ngempumelelo nokugcina ukhuseleko lwesibhakabhaka.
Indima yemithetho ye-FAA ekuJoliseni ukudinwa koPilot
The I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) ibona ubungozi bokudinwa komqhubi, yaye ukutyhubela iminyaka, iye yasebenzisa imithetho eyahlukahlukeneyo ejoliswe ekulawuleni lo mbandela. Imithetho ye-FAA iyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi baphumla ngokwaneleyo phambi kokuba babhabhe kwaye banethuba elaneleyo lokubuyela kwiimfuno zokusebenza ngenqwelomoya.
Imithetho ye-FAA inciphisa inani leeyure ezilandelelanayo umqhubi wenqwelomoya unokubhabha kwaye afune amaxesha athile okuphumla phakathi kwenqwelomoya. Le mithetho ikwachaza ixesha lemini, kunye nezithintelo ezingqongqo ngakumbi kwiinqwelomoya ngexesha "lefestile ye-circadian low," phakathi kwe-2 am kunye ne-6 am, xa abantu ngokwendalo bethanda ukudinwa.
Nangona kunjalo, imithetho ye-FAA iphantsi kokugxekwa. Abanye bathi imimiselo ayinikeli ngxelo ngokupheleleyo ngobume obuntsonkothileyo bokudinwa, kugxininise ngakumbi kwimida yenqwelomoya kunye nexesha lomsebenzi kunokuba kumgangatho kunye nobungakanani babaqhubi bokulala ababufumanayo. Oku kukhokelele kuhlaziyo oluqhubekayo kunye nohlengahlengiso kwimithetho ye-FAA ukulungiselela ukuqonda okuguquguqukayo kokukhathala komqhubi.
Ukuphonononga imigaqo-nkqubo yangoku yokuLingwa kweNqwelomoya
Imigaqo-nkqubo yokudinwa kweenqwelo-moya ibalulekile ekulawuleni imingcipheko yokudinwa. Le migaqo-nkqubo idla ngokubandakanya izinto ezifana nezithintelo zenqwelomoya kunye nexesha lomsebenzi, amaxesha okuphumla, iinkqubo zolawulo lomngcipheko wokudinwa (FRMS), kunye nemfundo kunye noqeqesho malunga nokudinwa.
Ngaphandle kwala manyathelo, imigaqo-nkqubo emininzi yangoku ikholisa ukugxila ikakhulu ekuthotyelweni kwemida yolawulo endaweni yendlela ebanzi yolawulo lokudinwa. Le ndlela isoloko isilela ukunika ingxelo ngeyantlukwano yomntu ngamnye ekuchaphazelekeni kokudinwa kunye nefuthe lokudinwa okongezelekayo kumacandelo amaninzi okubhabha.
Ngaphezu koko, ngelixa iinkqubo zokunika ingxelo ngokudinwa zikhona kwiinkampani ezininzi zeenqwelo-moya, kudla ngokubakho ukuthandabuza ukuchaza ukudinwa ngenxa yokoyika impindezelo okanye ibala. Oku kuthintela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezi nkqubo kwaye kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukujongana nomba wokudinwa okulingwayo ngokwaneleyo.
Iimpembelelo zokudinwa komqhubi wenqwelomoya
Iimpembelelo zokudinwa komqhubi wenqwelo-moya zifikelela kude. Kumntu ngamnye, ukudinwa kunokubangela ukuba umqhubi wenqwelo-moya abe sempilweni, impilo-ntle nomsebenzi wakhe. Kusenokonakalisa ubudlelwane kwaye kukhokelele kumgangatho ophantsi wobomi.
Kwinqanaba lombutho, ukudinwa okulingwayo kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni imveliso, ukunyuka kwekhefu lokugula, kunye namazinga aphezulu okutshintsha. Isenokuthi iveze iinqwelomoya kuxanduva olunokubakho kwimeko yengozi okanye isehlo ngenxa yokudinwa.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kwinqanaba loluntu, ukudinwa komqhubi wenqwelomoya kunokunciphisa ukuzithemba koluntu kukhuseleko lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Imiphumo yengozi enye ingaba yingozi, zombini ngokumalunga nobomi babantu abalahlekileyo kunye nefuthe lezoqoqosho kwishishini.
Indlela yokuthintela ukudinwa kwePilot: Amanyathelo asebenzayo
Ukuthintela ukudinwa komqhubi kufuna indlela eneenkalo ezininzi. Oku kuquka imilinganiselo yolawulo, imigaqo-nkqubo yeenqwelo-moya, kunye namaqhinga omntu ngamnye.
Amanyathelo okulawula kufuneka agxininise kungekuphela nje kwinqwelomoya kunye namaxesha omsebenzi kodwa kunye namathuba okulala kunye nefuthe le-circadian rhythms. Kufuneka kwakhona babonelele ngokuguquguquka ukulungiselela ukungafani komntu ngamnye ekufumaneni ukukhathala.
Imigaqo-nkqubo yeenqwelomoya kufuneka ikhuthaze inkcubeko ebeka phambili ukhuseleko kwiimfuno zokusebenza. Oku kubandakanya ukuphumeza iinkqubo zokulawula umngcipheko wokudinwa, ukukhuthaza ingxelo yokudinwa, nokubonelela ngoqeqesho nemfundo ngolawulo lokudinwa.
Iindlela zomntu ngamnye zinokubandakanya ucoceko olufanelekileyo lokulala, ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-napping kunye ne-caffeine njengeendlela zokulwa nokudinwa. Kukwabalulekile ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya baqaphele imigangatho yabo yokudinwa baze bathabathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo xa kuyimfuneko.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wokudinwa kweenqwelomoya: Isishwankathelo
Umgaqo-nkqubo wokudinwa kweenqwelomoya ngumba obalulekileyo kulawulo lokulinga ukudinwa. Iquka imiba eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho, ulawulo lomngcipheko wokudinwa, imfundo kunye noqeqesho, kunye nempilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle.
Umgaqo-nkqubo oqinileyo wokudinwa kweenqwelomoya uyabuqonda ubume obuntsokothileyo bokudinwa. Ayixhomekekanga kuphela kwimiqathango emiselweyo kodwa ithatha indlela esekelwe kumngcipheko eqwalasela ukungafani komntu ngamnye, iziphumo ezikhulayo zokudinwa, kunye nefuthe lezinto zokusebenza kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ngaphezu koko, umgaqo-nkqubo osebenzayo wokudinwa kweenqwelomoya ukhuthaza inkcubeko yokhuseleko elungileyo. Ikhuthaza unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo malunga nokudinwa, ibonelela ngenkxaso kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafumana ukudinwa, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba iingozi zokudinwa zijongwa rhoqo, ziyavavanywa kwaye zithotyiwe.
Badinwa Njani Abaqhubi Beenqwelo-moya? Ukujonga Ngaphakathi
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bayadinwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Iiyure ezinde zomsebenzi, ukuphumla okwaneleyo, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya ebusuku, kunye nokuwela imimandla enamaxesha amaninzi konke kunokubangela ukudinwa. Ukongezelela, iimfuno zomzimba nezengqondo zokubhabha, kunye noxinzelelo noxinzelelo olunxulumene nomsebenzi, zinokubangela ukudinwa.
Ngokwe-Physiologically, ukudinwa kunokubangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokulala, ukulala, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwezingqisho ze-circadian. Ukukhathala kwengqondo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokugxila kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezifunekayo ekubhabha.
Ngaphezu koko, izinto zobuqu ezifana nokungatyi kakuhle, ukungazilolongi, kunye neemeko zempilo ezisisiseko nazo zinokufak’ isandla ekudinweni. Ukuqonda ezi zinto zingundoqo ekuphuhliseni izicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokulawula kunye nokuthintela ukudinwa komqhubi.
Izifundo ezingumzekelo: Impembelelo yokudinwa kwePilot kuShishino loPhapho
Uphononongo oluninzi luqaqambisa impembelelo yokudinwa komqhubi wenqwelo-moya kushishino lwezophapho. Umzekelo, i-2009 Colgan Air crash, eyakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangama-50, yayalelwa ngokuyinxenye kukudinwa komqhubi. Uphando luveze ukuba bobabini abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bebevukile ngaphezulu kweeyure ezili-16 kwaye bahambe imigama emide ngaphambi kokuba babaleke.
Omnye umzekelo kukuntlitheka kwenqwelo-moya yomthwalo eGuam ngowe-1993. Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba umphathi wayevukile phantse iiyure ezili-18, kwaye igosa lokuqala lalisele nje iiyure ezimbalwa zokulala ngobusuku obungaphambili. Ukudinwa kwabasebenzi benqwelo-moya kukhankanywe njengonobangela wengozi.
Ezi kunye nezinye iimeko zigxininisa indima ebalulekileyo yokudinwa kukhuseleko lokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya. Bagxininisa imfuneko yamanyathelo asebenzayo okulawula kunye nokuthintela ukudinwa komqhubi.
Izisombululo kunye nezinto ezintsha zokuLwa nokudinwa kwePilot
Izisombululo ezininzi kunye nezinto ezintsha ziye zacetywa ukulwa nokudinwa kokulinga. Oku kuquka ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe okufana neenkqubo zokubona ukudinwa ezibeka esweni amanqanaba okulumkisa abaqhubi, kunye nezixhobo ezinxitywayo ezilandelela iipatheni zokulala kwaye zibonelele ngezicwangciso-qhinga zolawulo lokudinwa ngokobuqu.
Kwinqanaba lomgaqo-nkqubo, ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokulawula umngcipheko wokukhathala (FRMS), ezisebenzisa imigaqo yesayensi yokulawula umngcipheko wokukhathala, kuye kwakhuthazwa. I-FRMS ivumela ukuguquguquka okungaphezulu kunemida yesiqhelo emiselweyo kwaye iqwalasela iiyantlukwano zomntu ngamnye kunye nezinto zokusebenza.
Imfundo noqeqesho kulawulo lokudinwa nazo zibalulekile. Oku kubandakanya uqeqesho kwimiba ye-physiological of fatigue, imilinganiselo yokudinwa, kunye nokubaluleka kococeko olufanelekileyo lokulala, ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga.
Ukuqukumbela: Ikamva lokulwa nokudinwa komqhubi wenqwelomoya kwishishini leenqwelomoya
Ikamva lokulwa nokudinwa komqhubi wenqwelomoya kwishishini leenqwelomoya lilele kwindlela ebanzi, eneendlela ezininzi. Oku kuquka ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, imigaqo-nkqubo eyomeleleyo yokudinwa kweenqwelomoya, iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokulawula umngcipheko wokudinwa, kunye nenkcubeko eyomeleleyo yokhuseleko ebeka phambili ulawulo lokudinwa.
Kukwabalulekile ukuqhubeka nophando malunga nokudinwa kokulinga ukuqhubela phambili ukuqonda kwethu lo mba unzima. Ngokwenza njalo, kuyathenjwa ukuba ukudinwa komqhubi wenqwelomoya kunokulawulwa ngokukuko, kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya nabakhweli, kunye nokukhusela ikamva loshishino lwezophapho.
Ukudinwa komqhubi wenqwelo-moya sisisongelo esithe cwaka, kodwa ayisosisongelo esingenakoyiswa. Ngemigudu edibeneyo kubo bonke abachaphazelekayo - ukusuka kubalawuli ukuya kwiinkampani zeenqwelomoya, kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuya kubakhweli - yidabi elinokuphumelela.
Ngolwazi oluthe vetshe ngoluhlu lokukhangela lwe-IMSAFE kunye nendlela yokulawula ukudinwa komqhubi, tyelela Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Abaqeqeshi bethu abanamava bakulungele ukunika isikhokelo kunye nezixhobo ozidingayo ukuze uhlale ulungele ukubhabha.
Qhagamshelana nathi okanye ufowunele iQela leFlyers yaseFlorida + 1 904 209 3510 ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya ophumeleleyo oqinisekisiweyo.
