Izakhono zokuPilot: Yintoni eyenza i-Aviator enkulu?
Ukubhabha esibhakabhakeni, ukuhamba ngendlela entsonkothileyo iinkqubo zeenqwelomoya, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkitha yobomi - ezi zezinye zemisebenzi ephawulekayo eyenziwa ngabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya. Ukugqwesa kulo msebenzi unzima, indibaniselwano eyodwa yezakhono iyafuneka. Ukusuka kubuchule bobugcisa ukuya kwisakhono esikhethekileyo sokwenza izigqibo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe neeseti ezahlukeneyo zobuchule obubenza bahluke kwezo ziqhelekileyo.
Kwesi sikhokelo sibanzi, siphengulula kwizakhono eziyimfuneko ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya, uphonononga zombini izakhono ezilukhuni nezithambileyo ezinegalelo ekwenziweni kwenqwelomoya ebalaseleyo ngokwenene. Nokuba ungumqhubi wenqwelomoya onqwenela ukuya esibhakabhakeni okanye ingcali enamava efuna ukukhulisa izakhono zakho, eli nqaku liza kukunika ukuqonda okunzulu malunga nokuba kuthatha ntoni ukunyuka uye kubude obutsha.
Amagqabantshintshi ngezakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya
Ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya kufuna isethi yesakhono esinamacandelo amaninzi aquka ubuchule bobugcisa, izakhono zokuqonda, kunye nobuchule bokunxibelelana nabanye abantu. Ukusuka ekulawuleni iinkqubo zenqwelomoya ezintsonkothileyo ukuya ekulondolozeni ukuzola phantsi koxinzelelo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe nomxube owahlukileyo weetalente ezibenza bakwazi ukuhamba esibhakabhakeni ngokuchanekileyo nangokuzithemba. Ezi zakhono zonke ziyinxalenye yezakhono ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Ukubonelela ngamagqabantshintshi abanzi, siya kuphonononga ezi nkalo ziphambili zilandelayo:
Izakhono ezilukhuni ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya: Ezi zizakhono zobugcisa nezokusebenza ezenza isiseko sobuchule bomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, njengolwazi lweenkqubo zenqwelo-moya, ukucwangciswa kwenqwelo-moya, nokuhamba. Ukuba nobuchule kwezi zakhono zinzima kubalulekile phakathi kwezakhono ezingundoqo ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Izakhono ezithambileyo ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya: Ngelixa kaninzi kutyeshelwa, izakhono ezithambileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yomqhubi wenqwelomoya. Oku kubandakanya unxibelelwano, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokwazisa ngeemeko, phakathi kwezinye. Ezi zakhono zithambileyo zibalulekile kwizakhono zizonke ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya.
IiNdlela zeMfundo kunye neeMfuno zoQeqesho: Siza kuphonononga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zemfundo noqeqesho ezifumanekayo kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi, kuqukwa nezikolo zenqwelomoya, iinkqubo zaseyunivesithi, kunye neziqinisekiso ezikhethekileyo.
Izakhono eziZodwa zeMisebenzi yokuPhatha: Kuxhomekeke kwinto ethile umsebenzi wokubhabha Indlela ekhethiweyo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokufuna ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezikhethekileyo ezongezelelweyo, ezifana nezo zifunekayo kwimisebenzi yeenqwelo-moya zorhwebo, ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya zasemkhosini, okanye iinqwelomoya ezihlawulelwa bucala.
Ngokuphonononga kwezi nkalo, sijonge ekunikeni ukuqonda okubanzi kwezakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya, sikuxhobise ukuba wenze izigqibo ezizizo malunga nohambo lwakho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi weenqwelo-moya
Ukuqhuba inqwelo-moya ngumzamo wobugcisa obuphezulu ofuna ubuchule bobuchule obahlukahlukeneyo. Ezi zakhono zenza isiseko apho ubuchule bomqhubi wenqwelo-moya bakhelwe phezu kwaso kwaye zibalulekile kwimisebenzi yenqwelo-moya ekhuselekileyo nenempumelelo.
Ulwazi lweeNkqubo zeenqwelomoya: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe nolwazi oluphangaleleyo lweendlela ezahlukeneyo ezenza inqwelomoya, kuquka avionics, iinjini, ulawulo lwenqwelomoya, kunye iinkqubo zokukhangela. Olu lwazi lubalulekile kwimiba yokusombulula ingxaki, ufundo lwesixhobo sokutolika, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenqwelomoya.
UCwangciso lweFlight kunye nokuHamba: Ukucwangciswa kwendiza okusebenzayo kunye nokuhamba zizakhono ezibalulekileyo kubaqhubi. Oku kubandakanya ukutolika idatha yemozulu, ukubala iimfuno zamafutha, ukucwangcisa iindlela zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, kunye nokusetyenziswa koncedo lokukhangela olufana ne-GPS kunye neenkqubo zokukhangela zikanomathotholo.
I-Aerodynamics kunye nokusebenza kweNqwelomoya: Ukuqonda imigaqo ye iAerodynamics kunye nokusebenza kwenqwelomoya kubalulekile kubaqhubi. Olu lwazi lubenza bakwazi ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwenqwelo-moya, balawule ukusebenza kwenqwelo-moya ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okubhabha, kwaye baphendule ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko eziguqukayo.
I-Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) kunye neMithetho yeFlight ebonakalayo (VFR) Imisebenzi: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe nobuchule kuzo zombini imithetho yenqwelomoya yesixhobo (IFR) kwaye imithetho yokubhabha ebonakalayo (VFR) imisebenzi. Izakhono ze-IFR zibandakanya ukubhabha kuphela ngokubhekiselele kwizixhobo, ngelixa izakhono ze-VFR zibandakanya ukugcina uqhagamshelwano olubonakalayo kunye nomhlaba kunye nokuhamba usebenzisa izikhombisi ezibonakalayo.
IMeteorology: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe nokuqonda okuqinileyo ngemozulu, kuquka ukukwazi ukutolika iingxelo zemozulu, iipatheni zemozulu yoqikelelo, kunye nokuvavanya ifuthe leemeko zemozulu kwimisebenzi yenqwelo-moya.
Ukuthotyelwa koMthetho: Ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya lishishini elilawulwa kakhulu, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka bayazi kakuhle imigaqo esebenzayo, iprothokholi, kunye nemigaqo ebekwe ngabasemagunyeni kwezokuhamba ngenqwelomoya njenge Ulawulo lwezoLawulo lwezoPhapho (i-FAA) okanye Umbutho weHlabathi wezoPhapho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICAO).
Ezi zakhono zinzima zenza umqolo wobuchule bobuchule bomqhubi wenqwelo-moya kwaye zibalulekile kwimisebenzi yenqwelo-moya ekhuselekileyo nenempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi zakhono zodwa azonelanga impumelelo kushishino lwezophapho. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka kwakhona babe noluhlu lwezakhono ezithambileyo ezihambelana nesakhono sabo sobugcisa.
Izakhono ezithambileyo ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya
Ngelixa izakhono ezinzima ngokungathandabuzekiyo zibalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ukubaluleka kwezakhono ezithambileyo akunakubaxwa. Ezi zakhono zingezona ezobuchwephesha zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni unxibelelwano olusebenzayo, ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo, kunye nokukwazi ukujongana neemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngokuzola kunye nobugcisa.
Izakhono zoNxibelelwano ziyafuneka ukuze ube nguMqali wendlela: Unxibelelwano olusebenzayo lubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuqhuba uhambo kunye ne Ukulawulwa kwezithuthi zomoya. Unxibelelwano olucacileyo nolucacileyo luqinisekisa ukuba imiyalelo idluliselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye iqondwa, inciphisa umngcipheko wokutolikwa ngokungafanelekanga kunye neempazamo ezinokwenzeka.
Ukwenziwa kwezigqibo kunye noSombululo lweNgxaki: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basoloko befuneka ukuba benze izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kwiimeko eziguqukayo nezinobuzaza bexesha. Izakhono eziqinileyo zokuthatha izigqibo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zibalulekile ekuvavanyeni iingozi ezinokubakho, ukhetho lokulinganisa, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenqwelomoya nabakhweli bayo.
Ukwazisa ngemeko: Ukugcina ulwazi oluphangaleleyo lwemeko yenqwelomoya, indawo eyingqongileyo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho kubalulekile kubaqhubi benqwelomoya. Ukwazisa ngemeko kubandakanya ukubeka iliso rhoqo kunye nokutolika imithombo eyahlukeneyo yolwazi ukuqikelela nokunciphisa umngcipheko onokuthi ubekho.
Ulawulo loxinzelelo kunye nobukrelekrele boMvakalelo: Ukubhabha inokuba yindawo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka babe namandla okuhlala bazolile kwaye bagxile phantsi koxinzelelo. Ulawulo olusebenzayo loxinzelelo kunye nobukrelekrele beemvakalelo kwenza abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bahlale bezolile, benze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye bakhokele abasebenzi babo ngokufanelekileyo.
Intsebenziswano kunye nobuNkokheli: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bahlala besebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nabanye abasebenzi, njengabaqhubi-moya kunye nabasebenzi beenqwelo-moya. Intsebenziswano eyomeleleyo kunye nezakhono zobunkokeli zibalulekile ekukhuthazeni indawo yokusebenza efanelekileyo nenemveliso, ukwaba imisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenqwelomoya.
Ingqalelo kwiNgcaciso: I-Aviation yintsimi apho nokongamela okuncinci kunokuba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe nengqwalasela eyodwa kwiinkcukacha, baqinisekise ukuba zonke iitshekhi zaphambi kokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, izicwangciso zenqwelomoya, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zilandelwa ngononophelo.
Ezi zakhono zithambileyo zincedisana nobuchule bobuchule bomqhubi wenqwelomoya kwaye zinegalelo elibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kwabo ngokubanzi nakwimpumelelo kushishino lwezophapho. Ngokuphuhlisa kunye nokuwonga zombini izakhono ezilukhuni kunye nezithambileyo, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokuhamba esibhakabhakeni ngokuzithemba, ngobuchule, kunye nokuzinikela kukhuseleko.
Indlela yokuphuhlisa izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya
Ukuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya onobuchule luhambo olufuna ukuzinikela, unyamezelo, nokuzinikela ekufundeni ngokuqhubekayo. Ngelixa abanye abantu benokuba nobuchule bendalo bezakhono ezithile, ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezibanzi ezifunekayo ekuqhubeni uhambo kudla ngokubandakanya indibaniselwano yemfundo esesikweni, uqeqesho oluqhutywayo, kunye nophuhliso lobungcali oluqhubekayo.
Iindlela zemfundo: Kukho iindlela ezininzi zemfundo ezikhoyo kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelomoya, nganye ibonelela ngendibaniselwano eyodwa yolwazi lwethiyori kunye namava asebenzayo. Ezi ziquka:
Izikolo zeFlight: Izikolo zeFlight zibonelela ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho ezikhethekileyo ezijolise ekuphuhliseni izakhono eziyimfuneko zokulinga. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya imfundiso yesikolo esisezantsi, uqeqesho lokubhabha, kunye nokulungiselela izatifikethi ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqaku.
IiNkqubo zoPhapho kwiYunivesithi: Iiyunivesithi ezininzi kunye neekholeji zibonelela ngeenkqubo zesidanga senqwelomoya ezidibanisa izifundo zokufunda kunye noqeqesho lokubhabha. Ezi nkqubo zibonelela ngemfundo elungeleleneyo, equka izifundo ezifana ne-aerodynamics, umthetho wokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya, kunye nemeteorology, ukongeza kumava okusebenza ngenqwelomoya.
UQeqesho lokuPhapha koMkhosi: Umkhosi ubonelela ngeenkqubo ezibanzi zoqeqesho lokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zibandakanya uqeqesho olungqongqo lwezemfundo kunye nolomzimba, kunye namava abanzi ngenqwelomoya kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeenqwelomoya.
UQeqesho lweNqwelomoya kunye neZiqinisekiso: Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela yemfundo ekhethiweyo, abanqwenelekayo babaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bagqibe uthotho loqeqesho lokubhabha kunye neemfuno zesatifikethi. Ezi ziquka:
Isatifikethi soLingelo saBucala: Eli linyathelo lokuqala lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya onelayisensi, evumela abantu ukuba babhabhe ngeenjongo zabo zobuqu okanye zokuzonwabisa.
Ukalisho lwesixhobo: Isixhobo sokulinganisa siyafuneka kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya phantsi kwe-Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), ebavumela ukuba babhabhe kwiimeko apho iimbekiselo ezibonakalayo zilinganiselwe okanye zingafumanekiyo.
Isatifikethi sokuLinga uRhwebo: Esi satifikethi siyimfuneko kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafuna ukubhabha ukuze bafumane imbuyekezo okanye ukuqeshwa, njengakwimisebenzi yokuqesha okanye njengabahlohli ngenqwelo-moya.
Isatifikethi soLingelo sezoThutho lweenqwelomoya (ATP): I-ATP lelona nqanaba liphezulu lesatifikethi sokulingwa kwaye liyafuneka kubantu abafuna umsebenzi njengabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kwiinkampani zorhwebo okanye kwezinye iindima eziphambili zophapho.
IMfundo eQhubekayo noPhuhliso lobuNgcali: Ishishini lokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya lihlala livela, kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha, imimiselo, kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo zivela rhoqo. Ukuze bahlale bephambili kumsebenzi wabo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bamkele ingqondo yokufunda okuqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lobungcali. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuya kwiisemina, iindibano zocweyo, okanye iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezikhethekileyo zokuphucula izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kwaye uhlale usexesheni ngokuhambela phambili kweshishini.
Ngokulandela indibanisela yemfundo esesikweni, uqeqesho oluqhutywayo, nophuhliso lobungcali oluqhubekayo, abanqwenelekayo babaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokufumana baze basulungekise izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze babe ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya, bagqwese kweli khondo linzima nelinomvuzo.
IiNdlela zeMfundo: Ungaba nguMqali wendlela
Ukuqalisa umsebenzi wokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kufuna ukuzinikela kwimfundo noqeqesho olungqongqo. Ngelixa kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya, nganye ibonelela ngendibaniselwano eyodwa yolwazi lwethiyori kunye namava asebenzayo. Kweli candelo, siza kuphonononga ezinye zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zemfundo zabo banqwenela ukukhwela inqwelomoya.
Izikolo zeFlight:
Izikolo ngeenqwelomoya zibonelela ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho ezikhethekileyo eziyilelwe ukulungiselela abafundi ikhondo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya imfundiso yesikolo samabanga aphantsi, egubungela izihloko ezinje nge-aerodynamics, navigation, meteorology, kunye nemigaqo yokubhabha. Uqeqesho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya licandelo elibalulekileyo, nabafundi abaqokelela iiyure zokubhabha phantsi kwesikhokelo sabahlohli benqwelomoya abaqinisekisiweyo.
Izikolo ngeenqwelomoya zibonelela ngekharityhulam ecwangcisiweyo eyenzelwe ukunceda abafundi ukuba bafumane izatifikethi eziyimfuneko kunye namanqaku, anjengeSiqinisekiso soLingelo lwaBucala, ukuReyishwa kweSixhobo, kunye neSatifikethi sokuLinga uRhwebo. Izikolo ezininzi ngenqwelomoya zikwabonelela ngoqeqesho olongezelelweyo olukhethekileyo, olufana nee-injini ezininzi okanye i-tailwheel endorsements, ukukhulisa izakhono zabafundi ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya nokuthengiswa.
IiNkqubo zoPhapho kwiYunivesithi:
Iiyunivesithi ezininzi kunye neekholeji zibonelela ngeenkqubo zesidanga senqwelomoya ezidibanisa izifundo zokufunda kunye noqeqesho lokubhabha. Ezi nkqubo zikhokelela kwisidanga se-Bachelor ku-Aviation, i-Aviation Management, okanye indawo ehambelana nayo.
Ukongeza kwiimfuno zoqeqesho ngenqwelomoya kunye neemfuneko zesatifikethi, abafundi bafumana imfundo ejikelezileyo egubungela izifundo ezinje nge-aerodynamics, umthetho wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ulawulo lwendlela yokuhamba emoyeni, kunye nokhuseleko lokubhabha. Iinkqubo zokubhabha ngenqwelomoya zaseYunivesithi zihlala zinobuhlakani nezikolo zenqwelomoya zalapha ekhaya okanye zisebenzise ezazo izixhobo zoqeqesho lokubhabha, nto leyo evumela abafundi ukuba bafumane amava okusebenza ngelixa beqhuba izifundo zabo.
Abaphumeleleyo kwezi nkqubo balungiselelwe kakuhle imisebenzi eyahluka-hlukeneyo yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ebandakanya imisebenzi yeenqwelomoya zorhwebo, uphapho lwamaqumrhu, kunye neendima zolawulo lwezophapho, ngokufumana izakhono eziyimfuneko ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya.
UQeqesho lokuPhapha koMkhosi:
Umkhosi ubonelela ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho olubanzi lokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi abanomdla wokukhonza ilizwe labo. Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya uqeqesho olungqongqo kunye noqeqesho lomzimba, kunye namava abanzi ngenqwelomoya kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zenqwelomoya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bomkhosi bafumana uqeqesho kwiindawo ezifana nokuhamba ngenqanawa, ukubhabha kwezixhobo, ukubhabha, kunye neendlela zokulwa. Bakuba begqibile uqeqesho lwabo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basemkhosini banokufumana ithuba lokubhabha iindidi ezininzi zeenqwelo-moya, ukusuka kwiinqwelo-moya zokulwa ukuya kwiinqwelo-moya zokuthutha, kuxhomekeka kubungcali babo. Amava omkhosi anokuba yinto exabisekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafuna umsebenzi kwishishini leenqwelomoya zoluntu emva kwenkonzo yabo, njengoko libonisa izakhono eziphambili ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela yemfundo ekhethiweyo, abanqwenelekayo babaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka balungiselele uhambo olucelomngeni nolunomvuzo. Indlela nganye ifuna ukuzinikela, unyamezelo, nokuzibophelela ekufundeni okuqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono. Ngokuzivavanya ngenyameko izinto abanomdla kuzo, usukelo lwabo, kunye nobuchule obufunekayo ukuze babe ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya, banokwenza izigqibo benolwazi ngomsebenzi wabo wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya: uQeqesho lweFlight kunye neeMfuno zeSiqinisekiso
Ngelixa iindlela zemfundo zibonelela ngesiseko kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ukufumana izatifikethi eziyimfuneko kunye nemilinganiselo kulinyathelo elibalulekileyo kuhambo lwabo. Uqeqesho lwenqwelomoya kunye neemfuno zesatifikethi ziyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banazo izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze babe ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye nolwazi olufunekayo ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwenqwelomoya.
Isatifikethi soLingelo saBucala:
Isatifikethi soLingelo saBucala linyathelo lokuqala lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya onelayisensi. Ukufumana esi satifikethi, abafundi kufuneka bagqibe ubuncinane beeyure ezingama-40 zexesha lokubhabha, kubandakanywa ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-20 zemiyalelo emibini kunye neeyure ezingama-20 zexesha lokubhabha bebodwa. Umyalelo wesikolo samabanga aphantsi ugubungela izihloko ezinje nge-aerodynamics, iinkqubo zeenqwelomoya, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, imozulu, kunye nemigaqo yophapho.
Ukugqitywa ngempumelelo koviwo olubhaliweyo kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo lokubhabha luyafuneka ukuze ufumane iSatifikethi sokuLawula aBucala. Ngesi satifikethi, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bagunyaziswe ukuba babhabhe ngeenjongo zobuqu okanye ukuzonwabisa kodwa abanakuhlawulwa ngeenkonzo zabo. Ubuchule bezi zakhono buyimfuneko kwizakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Ukalisho lwesixhobo:
Umlinganiselo weSixhobo sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo esivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba basebenzise inqwelo-moya phantsi kweMithetho yeFlight yeSixhobo (IFR), ebavumela ukuba babhabhe kwiimeko apho iimbekiselo zokubonwayo zilinganiselwe okanye zingafumanekiyo. Ukufumana i-Instrument Rating, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bagqibe umhlaba owongezelelweyo kunye noqeqesho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, begxininise kwiinkqubo zesixhobo, ukukhangela, kunye nohlalutyo lwemozulu.
Olu qeqesho lubandakanya ubuncinane beeyure ezingama-50 zexesha lokubhabha kwesixhobo, kubandakanywa ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-40 zexesha lokwenyani okanye elenziweyo lesixhobo. Ukugqitywa ngempumelelo koviwo olubhaliweyo kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo lwenqwelomoya luyafuneka ukuze ufumane iRrating ye-Instrument. Esi siqinisekiso songeza ngakumbi izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi we-pilot ngokwenza imisebenzi kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu.
Isatifikethi sokuLinga uRhwebo:
The Isatifikethi somqhubi wenqwelomoya yimfuneko kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafuna ukubhabhela ukuze bafumane imbuyekezo okanye ukuqeshwa, njengakwimisebenzi yokuqesha okanye njengabahlohli ngenqwelo-moya. Ukufumana esi satifikethi, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babe ubuncinane beeyure ezingama-250 zexesha lilonke lokubhabha, kubandakanywa iimfuno ezithile zokunqumla ilizwe, ubusuku, kunye nexesha lokubhabha kwesixhobo.
Umyalelo wesikolo samabanga aphantsi ugubungela izihloko eziphambili ezinje nge-aerodynamics, ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya, kunye nemigaqo yokubhabha kwezorhwebo. Ukugqitywa ngempumelelo koviwo olubhaliweyo kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo lwenqwelomoya luyafuneka ukuze ufumane iSatifikethi sokuPhila soRhwebo. Ukufumana esi satifikethi linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Isatifikethi soLingelo sezoThutho lweenqwelomoya (ATP):
Isatifikethi soLingelo sezoThutho lweenqwelomoya (ATP) lelona nqanaba liphezulu lesatifikethi solingo kwaye sifuneka kubantu abafuna umsebenzi njengabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kwiinkampani zorhwebo okanye kwezinye iindima ezihambele phambili ngeenqwelomoya. Ukuze bafanelekele i-ATP, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zeminyaka yobudala kunye neyure yokubhabha, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-1,500 ukuya kwiiyure ze-1,800 zexesha elipheleleyo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ngokuxhomekeke kwimvelaphi yabo yemfundo kunye noqeqesho.
Umyalelo wesikolo samabanga aphantsi ugubungela izihloko eziphambili ezifana nolawulo lwezixhobo zokusebenza, ukusebenza kwindawo ephakamileyo, kunye nolawulo lweenkqubo zenqwelomoya. Ukugqitywa ngempumelelo koviwo olubhaliweyo kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo lokubhabha luyafuneka ukuze ufumane i Isatifikethi se-ATP. Esi satifikethi sikumgangatho ophezulu sibonisa uvuthondaba lwezakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kwaye siqinisekisa ukulungela ezona ndima zinzima kwezomoya.
Kuyo yonke inkqubo yoqeqesho lokubhabha kunye nesiqinisekiso, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka babonise ubuchule kwizakhono ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya, ukuhamba ngenqanawa, ukuhlalutya imozulu, kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Ukuziqhelanisa rhoqo kunye nokuzinikela kubalulekile ukuze ukwazi ukuzibamba ezi zakhono kunye nokuqinisekisa umsebenzi onempumelelo kuphapho.
Izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya: iZakhono eziZodwa kwimiSebenzi yokuPhatha ngeenqwelomoya
Ngelixa izakhono ezingundoqo ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya zixhaphakile, imisebenzi ethile yokubhabha ifuna izakhono ezikhethekileyo kunye nobuchule. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ethile ekhethiweyo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokufuna ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezongezelelweyo ukuze bagqwese kwindawo abayikhethileyo.
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya zoRhwebo:
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya zorhwebo kufuneka babe nolungelelwaniso lwabasebenzi abaninzi kunye nezakhono zonxibelelwano, njengoko besebenza ngokusondeleyo nabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, abagadi benqwelo-moya, kunye nabalawuli bezithuthi zomoya. Ulawulo lwezibonelelo zabasebenzi (CRM) Uqeqesho lubalulekile, lujolise ekusebenzeni kweqela elisebenzayo, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nokwazisa ngemeko kwindawo yokusebenzela.
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka babe nobuchule bokusebenzisa iinqwelomoya ezinkulu, ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya ezixakekileyo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuqhelana neenkqubo eziphambili ze-avionics, iinkqubo zokulawula inqwelomoya, kunye neenkqubo ezizenzekelayo zibalulekile kwimisebenzi yenqwelo-moya yorhwebo. Ezi zakhono zikhethekileyo zibalulekile kwizakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelo-moya kwicandelo lorhwebo lwezophapho.
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abaManyanisiweyo kunye noShishino:
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya beshishini kunye neshishini beenqwelomoya bahlala bebhabha ezincinci, iinqwelomoya ezikhawulezayo kwaye kunokufuneka ukuba basebenze kwiindlela ezimfutshane okanye kwiindawo ezikude. Izakhono eziqinileyo zenkonzo yabathengi kunye nokuziphatha kobuchule kubalulekile, njengoko aba baqhubi beenqwelomoya bahlala benxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nabathengi abakwiprofayili ephezulu okanye abaphathi.
Ukuba bhetyebhetye kunye nokuguquguquka ngundoqo, njengoko abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basenokufuna ukuhlengahlengisa izicwangciso zenqwelomoya okanye iishedyuli ngesaziso esifutshane ukulungiselela iimfuno zabaxhasi babo. Ulwazi lwendlela yokusebenza ngenqwelo moya yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemimiselo yezithethe lubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abasoloko bebhabha benqumla imida. Ukuphuhlisa ezi zakhono zongezelelekileyo yinxalenye yobuchule obufunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kwishishini leenqwelomoya.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya zoMkhosi:
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya zomkhosi kufuneka babe namandla akhethekileyo ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni, njengoko behlala besebenza phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo ezinenkani. Uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezinje ngamaqhinga okulwa emoyeni, ukubunjwa kokubhabha, kunye nemisebenzi ekwinqanaba elisezantsi ibalulekile kwiindima ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha komkhosi.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basemkhosini kusenokufuneka baphucule ubuchule bokusebenzisa iinqwelo-moya ezikhethekileyo, njengeenqwelo-moya zokulwa, iinqwelo-moya zothutho okanye iinqwelo-ntaka. Ubunkokeli kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo phantsi koxinzelelo lubuchule obubalulekileyo kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya, abanokuthi bafuneke ukuba benze izigqibo zesibini kunye nemiphumo ebalulekileyo. Ezi zakhono zizodwa zibalulekile kwizakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya emkhosini.
Abaqhubi bezicelo zezoLimo kunye nezomoya:
Abaqhubi bezicelo zezolimo kunye nezomoya kufuneka babe nezakhono kwimisebenzi yenqwelomoya ephantsi, njengoko bahlala bebhabha kumphakamo ongaphantsi kweenyawo ze-500 ukusasaza izinto ezifana nezitshabalalisi okanye imbewu. Ukuchaneka kokubhabha kunye nobuchule bokusebenzisa emoyeni buyimfuneko, njengoko aba baqhubi kufuneka basasaze izinto ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezichongiweyo. Ulwazi lwemithetho yokusingqongileyo, ukuphathwa kweekhemikhali, kunye neeprothokholi zokhuseleko zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni usetyenziso olukhuselekileyo nolunoxanduva lwemathiriyeli.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kweli candelo kufuneka babe nobuchule ekusebenziseni iinqwelo-moya ezikhethekileyo ezineenkqubo zokusasaza namatanki. Ukugqwesa ezi zakhono zikhethekileyo kunegalelo kwizakhono zizonke ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kwezolimo.
Nokuba yeyiphi na ikhondo lomsebenzi wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya elikhethiweyo, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka baqhubeke bezabalazela ukuphuhlisa nokucokisa izakhono zabo ngoqeqesho oluqhubekayo namava ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguquguqukayo zeendima zabo.
Imizekelo yoBomi bokwenyani: Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaGqwesa kwiZakhono zabo
Kulo lonke ushishino lwezophapho, kukho intaphane yemizekelo yabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafumene impumelelo ebalaseleyo ngokufumana izakhono eziyimfuneko kumsebenzi wabo. Aba bantu basebenza njengenkuthazo kunye nemizekelo yabantu abanqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelomoya, bebonisa umphakamo onokufikelelwa ngokuzinikela, isakhono, kunye nokuthanda ukubhabha.
Omnye umzekelo onjalo nguKapteni Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger, owafumana udumo lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokubonisa kwakhe okuphawulekayo kwezakhono zokuqhuba uhambo ngexesha lesiganeko se "Miracle on the Hudson" kwi-2009. Xa zombini iinjini ze-Airbus A320 yakhe zikhutshaziwe yi-bird strike emva nje kokuhamba. , u-Sullenberger wayethembele kuqeqesho lwakhe olubanzi, amava, kunye nobuchule bokwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza ukuphumeza ukuhla ngokukhawuleza kwi-Hudson River. Ukuzola kwakhe, ukuqonda ngemeko, kunye nobuchule bakhe obuchwephesha bokuqhuba iinqwelomoya buqinisekise ukufuduswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwabo bonke abakhweli abali-155 kunye namalungu eqela labasebenzi, oko kuqinisa isidima sakhe njengegorha lokwenyani lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Omnye umntu okhuthazayo nguKapteni Tammie Jo Shults, owayesakuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wokulwa kuMkhosi waManzi waseUnited States owaba ngomnye wabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bokuqala ababhinqileyo abaqeshwe yiSouthwest Airlines. Ngexesha lomsebenzi wakhe waselwandle, uShults waphuhlisa izakhono ezikhethekileyo ekusebenzeni ngenqwelomoya ephezulu kunye nokwenza izigqibo zokwahlulahlula-kwesibini phantsi koxinzelelo.
Ezi zakhono zibonakalise ukuba luncedo ngo-2018 xa efika ngempumelelo kwinqwelomoya ye-Southwest Airlines emva kokusilela kwe-injini kunye noxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo, esindisa ubomi babakhweli abayi-149 kunye nabasebenzi. Ukuzola kukaShults, ubunkokeli, kunye nokubambelela kwiinkqubo zikaxakeka kube ngumzekelo ophakamileyo wobuchule kunye nobuchule obufunekayo kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya.
Kwindawo yeshishini kunye nenqwelomoya yeshishini, uKapteni uDenny Flanagan ugqamile njengenkosi yokwenyani yobugcisa bakhe. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 yamava okuqhuba iijethi zabucala kubathengi abakwiprofayili ephezulu, uFlanagan uye wahlakulela udumo lwenkonzo yabathengi ekhethekileyo, ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha, kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kweemfuno ezizodwa zenqwelomoya yenkampani. Ukukwazi kwakhe ukuhamba ngeendawo zomoya ezintsonkothileyo, ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha iishedyuli, kunye nokugcina imigangatho ephezulu yobungcali kumenze waba ngumqhubi ofunwayo phakathi kwabaphathi kunye neenkokeli zeshishini.
Le mizekelo yokwenyani ibonisa impembelelo enkulu abanayo abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanobuchule kukhuseleko nempumelelo yokusebenza kwenqwelo-moya. Ngokufunda izakhono eziyimfuneko kunye nezithambileyo ezifunekayo kumsebenzi wabo, aba bantu abafumananga nje impumelelo ebalaseleyo kodwa baye bakhuthaza izizukulwana zabaqhubi abanqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi bazame ukugqwesa.
isiphelo
Ukugqwesa izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kubandakanya uhambo oluneenkalo ezininzi oludibanisa imfundo esesikweni, uqeqesho oluqhutywayo, kunye nophuhliso lobungcali oluqhubekayo. Nokuba uqhuba umsebenzi wokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya wezorhwebo, umqhubi wenqwelomoya, umqhubi wenqwelomoya wasemkhosini, okanye umqhubi wenqwelomoya wezolimo, izakhono ezingundoqo ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya zibalulekile kuwo onke amacandelo ophapho. Indlela nganye ibonelela ngemingeni ekhethekileyo kwaye ifuna ubuchule obuthile, iqaqambisa ukubaluleka kophuhliso lwezakhono ezilungiselelweyo ekufumaneni impumelelo.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanomdla kufuneka bagxininise ekufumaneni izakhono zobugcisa nezithambileyo ukuze bahlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi yabo yokubhabha ngenqwelomoya. Ukusuka kuqeqesho oluphezulu lwenqwelomoya kunye neziqinisekiso ezikhethekileyo ukuya nokufunda okuqhubekayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa, izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya zibalulekile ekujonganeni nobunzima bokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kwale mihla.
Ngokuzinikezela ekuphuhliseni ezi zakhono zibalulekileyo kwaye uzicokise ngokuqhubekayo, unokwakha ikhondo lomsebenzi onemivuzo kuphapho kwaye ugqwese kuyo nayiphi na indima yokulinga oyilandelayo. Khumbula, uhambo oluya ekubeni ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya onobuchule luyaqhuba, kwaye ukwamkela uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwezakhono ezifunekayo ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya kuyakuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala uphambili kweli candelo liguqukayo.
Ukuba ukulungele ukuqalisa ikhondo elinika umdla njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya, cinga ngokubhalisa kwinkqubo yoqeqesho lwenqwelomoya ethembekileyo okanye inkqubo yesidanga sokubhabha. Amaziko amaninzi abonelela ngezifundo ezibanzi ezibandakanya ulwazi lwethiyori kunye namava okubhabha okusebenzayo, ekulungiselela imingeni kunye nemivuzo yalo msebenzi uguqukayo.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
