Intshayelelo kwi-Aerodynamics
I-Aerodynamics luphononongo lwendlela iigesi ezidibana ngayo nemizimba ehambayo. Kuba irhasi eyona nto sinomdla kuyo ingumoya, i-aerodynamics lufundo lwendlela umoya ohamba ngayo ujikeleze izinto kunye nokuba oku kunyakaza kuzichaphazela njani ezo zinto. Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ukuqonda i-aerodynamics kubalulekile ukuze usebenze ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ulawule inqwelomoya phantsi kwazo zonke iimeko zokusebenza.
I-Aerodynamics lisebe le-fluid dynamics, elibandakanya uphononongo lweegesi kunye nolwelo oluhambayo. Inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka ekuhlalutyeni ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni womntu ukuya ekufundeni imiphumo yomoya kwiibhulorho. Kodwa kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, eyona ndlela iphambili yokusetyenziswa kwe-aerodynamics kukuhamba ngenqwelomoya, apho isetyenziselwa ukuqonda nokuqikelela indlela inqwelo-moya eza kuziphatha ngayo xa ibhabha.
Uphononongo lwe-aerodynamics yinkalo entsonkothileyo efuna ukuqondwa kwefiziksi, imathematika, kunye nemodeli yokubala. Nangona kunjalo, kwanokuqonda okusisiseko kwemigaqo ye-aerodynamics kunokuphucula kakhulu isakhono somqhubi wenqwelomoya ukubhabha ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo.
Ukubaluleka kokuqonda i-Aerodynamics kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya
Ukuqonda i-aerodynamics kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, njengoko imigaqo ye-aerodynamics ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza, ukuzinza, kunye nolawulo lwenqwelomoya. Ngokuqonda indlela utshintsho lobude bomphakamo, isantya, kunye noyilo olunokuyichaphazela ngayo indlela inqwelo-moya esebenza ngayo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokwenza izigqibo benolwazi ukuze baqinisekise ukuba inqwelo-moya ikhuselekile kwaye inempumelelo.
Ukuwuqonda kakuhle kwenza abaqhubi baqonde isizathu sokuba inqwelo-moya iziphatha ngendlela eyenza ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kutheni inqwelo-moya inyuka ngokukhawuleza ngesantya esithile? Okanye kutheni ingaphenduli kangako kwiindawo eziphakamileyo? Ngokuqonda imigaqo esisiseko ye-aerodynamic, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokulindela olu tshintsho kwaye bahlengahlengise izicwangciso zabo zokubhabha ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuyiqonda kunceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba baqikelele ngokuchanileyo indlela abaza kusabela ngayo kwinqwelo-moya yabo kulawulo lwabo. Oku kuqonda kukhulisa amandla abo okulawula inqwelomoya, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezingalindelekanga okanye ezingxamisekileyo, apho iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo nezichanekileyo zithetha umahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa.
ImiGaqo eSisiseko ye-Aerodynamics
Imigaqo esisiseko ye-aerodynamics ijikeleza amandla asebenza kwinqwelomoya xa ibhabha. Le mikhosi ibandakanya phakamisa, umxhuzulane, ukutyhala, nokurhuqa.
Ukuphakamisa amandla anyukayo achasene namandla omxhuzulane kwaye avumele inqwelomoya ukuba inyukele emoyeni. Ukwenziwa kokuphakanyiswa yinkqubo enzima ebandakanya ukumila kwamaphiko enqwelo-moya, i-angle apho amaphiko adibana nomoya ozayo (i-angle yokuhlasela), kunye nesantya kunye nobuninzi bomoya.
Umxhuzulane ngamandla atsalela inqwelo moya emhlabeni. Ukuze inqwelo-moya ikwazi ukubhabha, imele iphakame ngokwaneleyo ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nomxhuzulane.
I-Thrust ngamandla aqhubela inqwelo moya phambili emoyeni. Idla ngokuveliswa ziinjini, ezinokuba zii-jet engines okanye iipropellers.
Ukutsala ngamandla achasene nokuhamba phambili kwenqwelomoya. Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokutsala: i-parasitic drag, equka ukutsalwa kwefom kunye ne-skin friction, kunye ne-induced drag, ehambelana nesizukulwana sokuphakamisa.
Indlela iAerodynamics eyichaphazela ngayo iNzululwazi yeFlight
I-Aerodynamics idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisayensi yokubhabha. Imigaqo ye-aerodynamics ichaza indlela inqwelomoya ekwazi ngayo ukuphakama emhlabeni, ukugcina ukubhabha okusemgangathweni, ukuhamba emoyeni, kunye nomhlaba ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ibhalansi phakathi kwamandla okuphakamisa, umxhuzulane, ukutyhala, nokurhuqa imisela indlela yokubhabha yenqwelomoya. Ngokomzekelo, xa umphakamo owenziwe ngamaphiko enqwelo-moya ulingana nobunzima benqwelo-moya, inqwelo-moya iya kuhlala ibhabha. Ukuba ilifti idlula ubunzima, inqwelomoya iya kunyuka. Ukuba ubunzima bungaphezulu kwe-lift, inqwelomoya iya kuhla.
Ulwalamano phakathi kwala mandla lukwamisela indlela inqwelo-moya ehamba ngayo emoyeni. Ngokutshintsha ukulungelelana kwala mandla, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya unokubangela ukuba inqwelo-moya inyuke, yehle, ijike, okanye itshintshe isantya.
I-Aerodynamics kunye noYilo lweenqwelomoya
I-Aerodynamics yeyona nto iphambili kuyilo lwenqwelomoya. Ubume, ubungakanani, kunye nokumila kwamaphiko, umzimba kunye nomsila wenqwelomoya zonke ziyilelwe ngokukhethekileyo ukuba isebenze kakuhle emoyeni.
Amaphiko enqwelo-moya enzelwe ukunyusa ukuphakama. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa imilo ekhethekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-airfoil, ebangela ukuba umoya uhambe ngokukhawuleza phezu komphezulu wephiko kunangaphantsi, udala amandla aphezulu.
Umzimba wenqwelomoya, owaziwa ngokuba yi ifuselage, yenzelwe ukunciphisa ukutsalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ilungelelaniswe, kunye nomphambili ogudileyo, ojikelezayo kunye nomva owenziwe ngetapered.
Umsila wenqwelomoya, oquka i-stabilizers ethe nkqo kunye ne-horizontal, yenzelwe ukubonelela ngokuzinza kunye nokulawula. I-stabilizer ethe nkqo ikhusela intshukumo yecala ukuya kwelinye icala (yaw), ngelixa i-horizontal stabilizer ithintela ukunyuka nokuhla (i-pitch).
Iziphumo zeMozulu kwiAerodynamics
Iimeko zemozulu zinokuchaphazela kakhulu i-aerodynamics kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya. Umoya, iqondo lobushushu, ukufuma noxinzelelo lomoya, zonke zinendima ebalulekileyo ekugqibeni ngendlela eza kuziphatha ngayo inqwelo-moya xa ibhabha.
Umoya unokuchaphazela isantya, indlela, nokuzinza kwenqwelo-moya. Izaqhwithi (imimoya ebhudla ngqo kwinqwelo-moya) inokuyithothisa inqwelo-moya, ngoxa imimoya yomsila (imimoya evuthuza ngasemva kwenqwelo-moya) inokuyikhawulezisa. Imimoya enqumlayo (imimoya evuthuza ecaleni) inokubangela ukuba inqwelo-moya imke endleleni.
Iqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma kunokuchaphazela ukuxinana komoya, nto leyo echaphazela ubungakanani bokunyuswa kwenqwelomoya. Umoya oshushu nofumileyo awuxinana kangako kunomoya obandayo, owomileyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inqwelo-moya kufuneka ibhabhe ngokukhawuleza ukuze inyuse umyinge ofanayo wokunyuswa kwiimeko ezishushu nezifumileyo njengoko beziya kwenjenjalo kwiimeko ezibandayo nezomileyo.
Uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric lukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-aerodynamics. Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, apho umoya womoya ungaphantsi, inqwelo-moya ifanele ibhabhe ngokukhawuleza ukuze inyuse umyinge ofanayo nalowo ibiya kwenjenjalo kwiindawo ezisezantsi.
I-Subsonic, Transonic, kunye ne-Supersonic Flight
Imigaqo ye-aerodynamics inokuziphatha ngokuhlukileyo kwizantya ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, ukuziphatha komoya kutshintsha kakhulu njengoko inqwelomoya isondela kwaye idlula isantya sesandi.
Kwi-subsonic flight (isantya esingaphantsi kwesantya sesandi), umoya uziphatha njengolwelo, uhamba kakuhle ujikeleze inqwelomoya. Imigaqo yokuphakamisa, ukutsala, nokutyhala iyasebenza njengoko isenza ngesantya esicothayo.
Kwinqwelo-moya enqumlayo (isantya esijikeleze isantya sesandi), ezinye iindawo zomoya ojikeleze inqwelo-moya zisenokuba zihamba ngesantya sesandi ngelixa ezinye zingahambi. Oku kunokubangela ukuba amaza othusayo enze inqwelo-moya, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekunyukeni ngokukhawuleza kokutsala kunye nokuncipha kokuphakama.
Kwinqwelomoya ye-Supersonic (isantya esingaphezu kwesantya sesandi), umoya uziphatha njengerhasi ecinezelwayo. Amaza othusayo enza inqwelo-moya, kwaye imigaqo yokuphakamisa, ukutsala, kunye nokutyhala itshintsha kakhulu. Ukuyila inqwelomoya ukuba ibhabha ngesantya esiphezulu kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kolu tshintsho.
Indima yeAerodynamics kuKhuseleko lweFlight
I-Aerodynamics idlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuseleko lokubhabha. Ngokuqonda imigaqo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuqinisekisa ukuba baqhuba inqwelo-moya yabo ngokobuchule bayo bokusebenza baze baphephe iimeko eziyingozi.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umqhubi wenqwelo-moya uzama ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwindawo ephakamileyo, inqwelo-moya isenokungabi naso saneleyo sokumelana nomxhuzulane, nto leyo ekhokelela kwindawo yokutyela. Ngokuqonda imiphumo yokuphakama komphakamo, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya unokuyiphepha le meko iyingozi.
Ngokufanayo, ukuba umqhubi wenqwelo-moya uzama ukubhabha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, inqwelo-moya isenokutsala nzima, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kwayo. Ngokuqonda unxulumano phakathi kwesantya kunye nokutsala, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya unokuyiphepha le meko.
Ukuyiqonda kukwanceda abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bahambe ngokukhuselekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. Ngokuqonda indlela umoya, ubushushu, ukufuma noxinzelelo oluyichaphazela ngayo indlela inqwelo-moya yabo esebenza ngayo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokwenza izigqibo benolwazi baze basabele ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko eziguqukayo.
Iingcinga eziPhambili kwi-Aerodynamics
Ngelixa imigaqo esisiseko ithe ngqo, intsimi ye-aerodynamics ikwaquka iikhonsepthi ezininzi ezinzima kunye neziphambili.
Ezi ngqikelelo ziphambili zibandakanya uphononongo lokuhamba kwesiphithiphithi (isiphithiphithi, intshukumo ejikelezayo yomoya), uhlalutyo lokuhamba okucinezelekayo (indlela umoya oziphatha ngayo ngesantya esiphezulu), kunye nophando lweeleya zemida (umaleko obhityileyo womoya oncamathela phezu komhlaba. yenqwelomoya).
Ukuqonda ezi ngqikelelo ziphambili kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu kwefiziksi kunye nemathematika, kwaye kuhlala kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweemodeli ezintsonkothileyo zokubala. Noko ke, kwanokuqonda okusisiseko kwezi ngcamango kunokumenza ayiqonde ngakumbi indlela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya aqhuba ngayo xa ebhabha.
Izixhobo zokufunda ngakumbi
Zininzi izixhobo ezifumanekayo kwabo banqwenela ukufunda ngakumbi. Oku kubandakanya iincwadi zezifundo, iikhosi ze-intanethi, kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho ngenqwelomoya.
Iincwadi zezifundo zinika isishwankathelo esibanzi somxholo, kwaye zihlala zibandakanya iinkcazo ezineenkcukacha zefiziksi esisiseko kunye nemathematika. Uninzi lwezi ncwadi zezifundo zikwabandakanya imizekelo ebonakalayo kunye nemithambo, enokunceda ekubetheleleni amagama.
Izifundo ezikwi-Intanethi zibonelela ngendlela yokunxibelelana ngakumbi yokufunda malunga ne-aerodynamics. Ezi khosi zihlala zibandakanya iintetho zevidiyo, iikhwizi, kunye neeforam zengxoxo, kwaye inokuba yindlela entle yokufunda ngesantya sakho.
Iinkqubo zoqeqesho ngenqwelomoya zibonelela ngezandla-kwindlela yokufunda malunga ne-aerodynamics. Ngezi nkqubo, unokufumana amava asebenzayo kwindawo ye-cockpit yenqwelomoya, apho unokubona imigaqo ye-aerodynamics isebenza.
isiphelo
I-Aerodynamics yinkalo yokufunda entsonkothileyo, kodwa ikwayenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokubhabha. Ngokuqonda imigaqo ye-aerodynamics, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuphucula amandla abo okulawula iinqwelo-moya zabo, benze izigqibo ezizizo xa bebhabha, baze baqinisekise ukhuseleko lwabo nokhuseleko lwabakhweli.
Nokuba ungumqhubi wenqwelomoya onamava ojonge ukwenza nzulu ukuqonda kwakho i-aerodynamics okanye umqhubi omtsha osandula ukuqalisa uhambo lwakho kwihlabathi lezophapho, kusoloko kukho okungakumbi ukufunda malunga nesayensi enomdla yokubhabha. Ke kutheni ungangeni ngaphakathi kwaye uqalise ukuphonononga ilizwe le-aerodynamics namhlanje?
Qhagamshelana nathi okanye ufowunele iQela leFlyers yaseFlorida + 1 904 209 3510 ukuze ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya ophumeleleyo oqinisekisiweyo.
