Zvinodiwa paKuyera Zviridzwa uye Nguva Yekudzidzisa Yechokwadi

Zvinodiwa pakuyera midziyo zvinogadza nzvimbo yekudzidzira, kwete zuva rekupedzisira rakavimbiswa: pasi peChikamu 61, vanonyorera vanoda maawa makumi mana enguva chaiyo kana yekufananidzira yemidziyo uye kazhinji maawa makumi mashanu enguva yekuyambuka nyika nendege. Hofisi yeFederal Register inotaura zvinodiwa zvenguva yemidziyo; Zvikoro zveChikamu 141 zvine kosi yakasiyana yeawa makumi matatu nemashanu ekudzidziswa kwendege. Zvidzidzo zvekuyedza midziyo zvinokurumidza zvinowanzotora mazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri, asi nguva yaunoda inoenderana neruzivo rwako, purogiramu yekudzidziswa, uye kugadzirira bvunzo yekushanda.

Musiyano iwoyo unokosha. Kuzadzisa nguva yakatarwa hazvirevi kuti wagadzirira kubhururuka uchienda kune zvinodiwa zvemidziyo kana kupasa checkride. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura kudzidziswa kweFAA, kufamba nenyika, nguva yemidziyo, bvunzo yeruzivo, uye mitemo yemari, uye rinoratidza zvinogona kukurumidzisa kana kuwedzera nzira. Uchaonawo kuti zvinodiwa zveChikamu 61 neChikamu 141 zvakasiyana sei, saka unogona kufungidzira matanho ako anotevera zvichienderana nenzira yauri kutevera uye ruzivo rwawatova narwo.

Kudzidziswa kweruzivo rwendege

Kudzidziswa kweruzivo rwemuchadenga kunokugadzirira kuti unzwisise uye ushandise maitiro ekushandisa michina usati wabhururuka uye panguva yekubhururuka. MuUnited States, zvinodiwa pakuyera michina zvinosanganisira kudzidza kwakarongeka, bvunzo yeruzivo, uye kugadzirira bvunzo inoshanda.

MuUnited States, mari yekudzidziswa inotarwa nendege nevadzidzisi, huwandu hwekudzidziswa kwendege ne simulator hunodiwa, uye kuwanda kwekudzidziswa. Mutengo wacho unoenderana nebhokisi uye unopihwa mushure mekukumbira mutengo.

Kudzidziswa kwePasi uye Ruzivo

Kudzidziswa pasi kunosanganisira ruzivo runodiwa kuti munhu ashande pasi pemitemo yekubhururuka kwemidziyo. Kunobatanidza kududzirwa kwemamiriro ekunze, mitemo, kufamba, kuronga kubhururuka, uye maitiro emidziyo nezvisarudzo zvinoitwa mucockpit.

Kuti utange wawana chiyero chezvishandiso kuburikidza nechikamu 141, kudzidziswa kwepasi kunoda maawa angangoita makumi matatu. Vanyoreri vechikamu 61 vanofanirwawo kugadzirira bvunzo yeruzivo, asi zvinodiwa zvakanyorwa hazviise nguva yekudzidziswa kwepasi yakaenzana yenzira iyoyo. Mune chero nzira, kudzidza kunofanira kubatanidza maitiro nemamiriro ezvinhu anoshanda, akadai sekududzira chati yenzira yekushandisa zvishandiso usati wabhururuka nenzira.

Gadzira hurongwa hwekudzidza hwakarongeka hwakatenderedza nzvimbo dzeruzivo, wobva washandisa mibvunzo yekudzidzira kuti uone misoro isina simba. Pamubvunzo wega wega wakarasika, ongorora pfungwa iri pasi pane kungobata nemusoro sarudzo chaiyo chete. Chishandiso chekudzidzisa kana simulator chinogona kusimbisa kuti mashandiro ezvishandiso anoenderana sei, asi hazvitsivi kudzidza ruzivo rwemuchadenga kana kudzidziswa kwekubhururuka kunodiwa.

Vanyoreri vanofanira kusimbisa kana kutsigirwa kwemurairidzi kuchidikanwa vasati vanyora bvunzo. Tora kutsigirwa ikoko sedanho rekudzidziswa, kwete ruzivo rwehutungamiriri: kunosimbisa kugadzirira kunyora bvunzo. Munyoreri anofanira kupasa bvunzo yeruzivo inodiwa, kunze kwekunge munhu ane chiyero chezviridzwa haadi imwe bvunzo yeruzivo.

Ruzivo rweZvishandiso uye Miedzo Inoshanda

Bvunzo reruzivo rwezvishandiso rinoongorora kana uchikwanisa kushandisa ruzivo rwezvemuchadenga pakushanda kwezvishandiso. Bvunzo rekushandisa rinoongorora mashandiro ako uye sarudzo pamabasa anodiwa.

Bvunzo yeFAA Instrument Rating-Airplane knowledge ine mibvunzo makumi matanhatu ine mhinduro dzakasiyana, inoda 70% yekupasa, uye ine nguva inogumira maawa maviri. Mhedzisiro yekupasa inoramba ichishanda kwemwedzi makumi maviri nemana. Ronga bvunzo inoshanda mukati menguva iyoyo yekushanda; zvikasadaro, bvunzo yeruzivo inofanira kudzokororwa isati yapera.

Gadzirira bvunzo nekuongorora mitemo, mamiriro ekunze, machati, masisitimu ekufambisa, uye maitiro ezvishandiso. Shanda kuburikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuti utsanangure ruzivo, usarudze maitiro, uye utsanangure sarudzo yako. Pazuva rebvunzo, verenga mubvunzo wega wega nokungwarira uye siyanisa mazwi akafanana, sezvo musiyano mudiki mumashoko unogona kuchinja mhinduro chaiyo.

Bvunzo rekushandisa (practical exam) ibvunzo yemuongorori yekuti unosangana here nezvinodiwa pakubhururuka. Kupasa bvunzo reruzivo chete hakuratidzi kuti wagadzirira bvunzo rekushandisa. Ongorora mabasa anodiwa nemudzidzisi, kusanganisira nzira dzekushandisa uye sarudzo dzinotsigira kubhururuka kwakachengeteka. Tora ruzivo nebvunzo dzekushandisa sezvikamu zvakasiyana, uye ronga zvese zviri zviviri.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa neFAA awa kuti pave nechiyero chezviridzwa?

Kukodzera kwemaawa kunosanganisira ruzivo rwakanyoreswa, zvinodiwa muchikwata chendege, uye kudzidziswa kwapera. Kuti uwane chiyero chendege, paradzanisa zvinodiwa zveChikamu 61 kubva pane zvinodiwa zveChikamu 141 usati waronga bvunzo yekushanda.

Kukodzera uye Kutsigirwa

Kukodzera zvinoreva kusangana nechitupa, zera, mutauro, bvunzo yeruzivo, uye zvinodiwa zvekudzidziswa nemudzidzisi kuti apihwe chiyero chezviridzwa. MuUnited States, vanonyorera vanofanirwa kunge vaine makore gumi nemanomwe zvichikwira, kuverenga, kutaura, kunyora, uye kunzwisisa Chirungu, uye kuve nechitupa chekutyaira chakazvimirira kana kunyorera panguva imwe chete chimwe chine chiyero chakakodzera chendege. Vanonyorera vangangoda rutsigiro rwemudzidzisi vasati vaita bvunzo yeruzivo rwezviridzwa.

Kuti vakwanise kurapwa, BasicMed inoshanda pakushanda kweIFR kana vatyairi vendege vachitevedzera zvinodiwa, kusanganisira kushanda muUnited States mundege ine huremu huri pasi pe12,500 lbs isina vanhu vanodarika 7. Kusasimba kwakajairika pakufamba nendege kunosanganisira kutadza kuchengetedza mitemo yebasa, kutarisira nzira, kana kuita sarudzo dzakanaka dzekufambisa nekushandisa chishandiso. Semuenzaniso, FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS inoda kuti ndege imhanye mukati memaknots gumi, kureba mukati memamita zana, uye kusarudza mafambiro mukati memadhigirii gumi panguva yebasa rayo rekufamba.

Chikamu 61 neChikamu 141 Kukodzera

Chikamu 61 neChikamu 141 nzira dzakasiyana dzekudzidzisa, dzine ruzivo rwakasiyana uye zvinodiwa pakudzidza. Kune US instrument-airplane rating, munhu anowanzo nyorera anofanira kunyora maawa makumi mashanu enguva yekuyambuka nyika semutyairi ari kutungamira, kusanganisira maawa gumi ari mundege, sekureva kweHofisi yeFederal Register. Chikamu 141 hachidi maawa makumi mashanu enguva yekuyambuka nyika yemutyairi kuti akwanise kuita bvunzo.

Pasi peChikamu 61, vanonyorera vanofanirawo kusangana nezvinodiwa zveruzivo rwezvishandiso munzvimbo dzakatarwa dzekushanda. Kubhururuka kwekudzidzira kwezvishandiso nendege kunofanirwa kufamba makiromita mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu (250 nautical miles) munzira dzendege kana nekufamba zvakananga kubva kunzvimbo yekudzora mafambiro endege, sekureva kweHofisi yeFederal Register. Inofanira kusanganisira nzira yekushandisa panhandare yega yega yendege uye nzira nhatu dzakasiyana dzinoshandisa masisitimu ekufambisa.

Chikoro cheChikamu 141 chinofanira kupa maawa angangoita makumi matatu nemashanu ekudzidziswa kwendege kuti chive nechiyero chekutanga chemidziyo, zvichienderana neHofisi yeFederal Register. Chikamu ichocho hachichinjiki nezvinodiwa neChikamu 61. Enzanisa chimiro chenzira nenguva yekubhururuka uye ruzivo rwekuyambuka nyika rwakatonyorwa, wobva waona kuti ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvichiri kushanda.

Pakuronga, paradzanisa ruzivo rwese kubva pakudzidziswa zvakanangana nechiyero chezvishandiso. Nyora chinangwa chendege yega yega, chikamu chendege, mamiriro emutyairi ari kutungamira, uye mamiriro ezvishandiso nemazvo; misiyano iyoyo ndiyo inosarudza kana nguva inoshanda kune chinodiwa. chirongwa chekudzidzira kubhururuka zvinogona kubatsira kuronga ongororo iyoyo usati wagadzirira bvunzo.

Mari yemidziyo uye kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi

Mari yezvishandiso ndiyo ruzivo rwechangobva kuitika runodiwa kuti ushande semutyairi wendege pasi pemitemo yekubhururuka kwezvishandiso. Chikamu 61 chinoisa chinodiwa chekufamba, nepo kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi hwezvishandiso kuchipa nzira yakasiyana yekuwana mari kana zvichidikanwa.

Kuchengetedza Mari Yezviridzwa

Kuti mutyairi wendege arambe achishanda nesimba, mutyairi wendege anofanira kupedzisa nzira nhanhatu dzekushandisa mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura yekubhururuka. Nzira idzi dzinofanira kunge dziri mukati menguva iyoyo yekutarisa kumashure. Kuongororwa kwenzira dzekushandisa pachitupa chemutyairi wendege hakuzadzise zvinodiwa neruzivo rwemutyairi wendege.

Shandisa bhuku rako rekuongorora nzira imwe neimwe uye zuva rayo, kuitira kuti ugone kuona kana nhanhatu dzinodiwa dziri mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yekarenda yakakodzera. Kana nzira yekutanga ikapfuura nguva iyoyo ndege yeIFR isati yarongwa, taura nzira dzasara dzinofanirwa. Tarisa mari usati waenda, kwete chete kana chiyero chapihwa.

Mari nehunyanzvi zvine chekuita, asi zvinopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana. Mari ine chekuita nenzira dzinodiwa munguva pfupi yapfuura; hunyanzvi hune chekuita kana uchikwanisa kubata zvinodiwa zvekubhururuka zvakachengeteka. Kunyangwe mushure mekunyora nzira dzinodiwa, ungangoda kudzidzira kwakanangana nemaitiro, kudzora ndege, kana kutarisira basa usati wabhururuka mumamiriro chaiwo ezvishandiso.

Kuongorora Unyanzvi hweZvishandiso

Kuongorora hunyanzvi hwemidziyo, kana kuti IPC, iongororo inoshandiswa kudzorera mari yemidziyo kana zvinodiwa pakushandisa michina zvisisina kuzadzikiswa. Kuongorora uku kunofanirwa kunge kuine nzira nhatu dzekushandisa michina. Mutyairi wendege anga asingashandise michina kwenguva inopfuura mwedzi mitanhatu angada IPC ine Certificated Instrument Flight Instrument ... instrument instrument instrument instrument instrument in

IPC haisi imwe bvunzo yeruzivo. Inoongorora kubhururuka kwemidziyo inoshanda pane ruzivo rwekunyora rwendege. Kutanga tarisa nzvimbo dzisina kusimba, wobva washandisa mirairo nekudzidzira kubhururuka kuti ugadzirise usati waongorora. Kugadzika nzira, kufamba, kudzora ndege, uye kuita sarudzo zvese zvinokanganisa kuti unotarisira sei kubhururuka kwemidziyo.

Chengeta zvinyorwa zvinosiyanisa zvakajeka nzira dzekushandisa kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzekubhururuka. Paunenge uchiongorora bhuku rako renhoroondo, sarudza mazuva enzira, nguva yakakodzera yemwedzi mitanhatu yekarenda, uye kana wakapedza IPC. Izvi zvinobatsira kuona mamiriro ako eparizvino usati wagamuchira basa reIFR kana kuronga rwendo rwekufamba nenyika pasi pemitemo yekubhururuka kwemidziyo.

Vaka hunyanzvi hunopfuura mwero wemari. Chikamu chekudzidzira chakatarisana chinogona kunanga maitiro akaoma, ukuwo mudzidzisi achigona kuongorora kuti unotarisira sei ndege nebasa rayo nguva dzose. Shandisa mamiriro chaiwo ezvishandiso chete kana zvakakodzera pakubhururuka nekutyaira; kudzidzira kwekufananidzira kunogonawo kubatsira kukudziridza hunyanzvi. Nzira nhanhatu dzinodiwa dzinosimbisa mari, asi kugadzirira kwakanaka kunoramba kuri kwakakosha pakushanda kwezvishandiso zvakachengeteka.

Zvinodiwa pakushandisa zvishandiso zvekufambisa-kusimudza zvinhu

Chiyero chekusimudza chinoshandisa zvishandiso chinoshandisa zvitupa zvekubhururuka nendege dzinofambisa michina. Chinodiwa paruzivo rwekufamba nenyika chakasiyana neruzivo rwekufamba nendege, saka ongorora zvinyorwa zvebhuku rekuongorora zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe zvakasiyana.

Kune chiyero chekusimudza chinoshandisa zvishandiso muUS, munhu anokumbira anowanzo fanirwa kunyora maawa makumi mashanu enguva yekuyambuka nyika semutyairi wendege ari kutungamira, kusanganisira maawa gumi mukutakura chinoshandisa zvishandiso. Chikamu chemaawa gumi chikamu chehuwandu hwemaawa makumi mashanu, kwete huwandu hwekuwedzera. Tevedzera huwandu hwenguva uye yakatarwa neimwe chikamu zvakasiyana paunenge uchiongorora kukodzera.

Nguva yekuyambuka nyika inotsanangura ndege dziri pakati penzvimbo, nepo mamiriro emutyairi wendege achinyora huwandu hwawakaita. Pachinyorwa chega chega chebhuku rekunyora, nyora chikamu chendege, nzira, uye basa rePIC. Kubhururuka nendege kunogona kuverengerwa kune rekodhi yakasiyana yeruzivo, asi hakutsivi ruzivo rwunodiwa rwekusimudza nemagetsi.

Gadzira ongororo yeruzivo usati waronga kudzidziswa kwasara. Kutanga, kupinda kwese kwenyika dzakasiyana-siyana kwakaitwa sePIC. Tevere, tarisa kuti huwandu hwakawanda sei hwendege dzaive mundege dzine simba rekusimudza. Wobva waenzanisa nhamba dzese dziri mbiri nezvinodiwa zvemaawa makumi mashanu pamwe nechikamu chayo chemaawa gumi chekusimudza chine simba rekusimudza. Nzira iyi inoratidza kushomeka uko huwandu hwe "maawa ekuyambuka nyika" husingasiyaniswi hunogona kuvanzwa.

Chikamu chendege chinokosha kunyangwe kana ndege mbiri dzichifamba nenzira yakafanana. Semuenzaniso, mutyairi wendege ane maawa makumi mashanu ePIC ekuyambuka nyika, asi ari pasi pegumi ekusimudza nemagetsi, haana kuzadzisa chiyero chechiitiko chakataurwa. Kusiyana neizvi, kusvika maawa gumi ekusimudza nemagetsi hakukwanirise huwandu hwese hwePIC yekuyambuka nyika ichiri pasi pemaawa makumi mashanu.

Chengetedza zvinyorwa zve logbook zvine simba zvichiverengwa uye zvichienderana. Nyora nhandare dzendege dzekuenda nedzekuenda, kuzivikanwa kwendege, nguva yekubhururuka, uye mamiriro ePIC sechikamu chemaitiro ako ekunyora. Paunenge uchiongorora zvinyorwa zvako, enzanisa zvinyorwa nezvikamu zvese pane kuvimba nekurangarira kana kufungidzira kwakatenderedzwa. Zvakajeka zvinyorwa zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuona ruzivo rwauchiri kuda.

Usatore ruzivo rwekusimudza ndege, helikoputa, uye kusimudza nemagetsi serunochinjana. Chinodiwa chekusimudza nemagetsi chinotaura nguva yekusimudza nemagetsi, nepo zvinodiwa nemidziyo nendege zvichishandisa nguva yendege. Mutemo wakasiyana wekudzidzira kubhururuka nehelikoputa kunoda makiromita zana egungwa munzira dzendege kana nekufamba zvakananga kubva kunzvimbo yekudzora mafambiro endege. Daro rehelikoputa harifanirwe kukanganiswa nezvinodiwa zvePIC-awa yekusimudza nemagetsi.

Kuronga pasi kunogona kudzivirira mikaha inogona kudzivirirwa: ongorora bhuku renhoroondo, ronga zvinyorwa neboka rendege, uye verenga huwandu hwePIC dzekuyambuka nyika usati waronga dzimwe ndege. Wobva washandisa mukaha wasara muchikamu chimwe nechimwe kutungamira hurongwa hwekuvaka ruzivo. Kune munhu ari kunyorera basa rekufambisa nemagetsi, cheki yakakosha ndeye huwandu hwese: maawa makumi mashanu ePIC ekuyambuka nyika uye maawa gumi ekusimudza nemagetsi mukati mawo.

Nguva chaiyo kana kuti yakaedzeswa yekushandisa

Nguva yekushandiswa kwemidziyo inonyorwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo kana akaedzwa munzvimbo dzakatarwa dzekushanda. Pasi pe14 CFR 61.65, munhu anokumbira kuongororwa kwemidziyo anofanira kunyora maawa makumi mana enguva chaiyo kana akaedzwa munzvimbo dzakatarwa dzekushanda, zvichienderana neHofisi yeFederal Register.

Nguva chaiyo yemudziyo ruzivo rwunowanikwa pakushandisa midziyo iri mumamiriro chaiwo emudziyo. Nguva yemudziyo inotevedzera inosanganisira kudzidzira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaedzwa, akadai sekushandisa mudziyo unoganhurira maonero nemudzidzisi kana kushandisa mudziyo wekudzidzisa wakatenderwa. Zvese zvinogona kuverengerwa kuzvinodiwa zveruzivo kana zvikanyorwa zvakanaka uye mukati memiganhu yechikwereti yakakodzera.

Zvitupa zvemudzidzisi zvine basa. Panguva yekushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekuyera midziyo yeUS, maawa angangoita gumi nemashanu anofanira kugamuchirwa kubva kumudzidzisi ane mvumo ane chiyero chemidziyo yendege, zvichienderana neHofisi yeFederal Register. Nyora magwaro emudzidzisi nekudzidziswa kwaakagamuchira, pane kungovimba nehuwandu hwemaawa ese.

Zvishandiso zvekudzidzisa ndege zvinogona kuwedzera pakudzidziswa kwendege, asi zvikwereti zvavo zvine miganhu. Munhu ari kunyorera kuUS anogona kupa nguva inosvika maawa gumi ekushandisa mumudziyo wekudzidzira ndege zvichienderana nenguva yezvinodiwa zvemudziyo, zvichienderana neHofisi yeFederal Register. Pasi peChikamu 61, maawa anosvika makumi maviri ekushandisa muAdvanced Aviation Training Device anogona kuverengerwa kune zvinodiwa zveruzivo.

Mari yemidziyo inoenderanawo nekuti kudzidziswa kunoitwa sei. Kunze kwemari yechikamu 142 yekufananidza, hapana maawa anopfuura makumi maviri anogona kupihwa kune simulators, zvishandiso zvekudzidzira ndege, zvishandiso zvekudzidzisa ndege, kana musanganiswa. Kana nguva yemidziyo yapedzwa pasi peChikamu 142, maawa anosvika makumi matatu mu simulator yekubhururuka yakazara kana mudziyo wekudzidzisa ndege anogona kuverengwa. Chengeta rudzi rwemudziyo nehwaro hwekudzidziswa zvakasiyana mubhuku renhoroondo.

Ruzivo rwekufamba nendege rwakasiyana nerwenguva yemaawa makumi mana. Kuti uwane chiyero chekushandisa nendege, ndege yekudzidziswa yeIFR inofanira kufamba makiromita mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu (250 nautical miles) munzira dzendege kana nekufamba zvakananga kubva kunzvimbo yekudzora mafambiro endege, sekureva kweHofisi yeFederal Register. Kufamba nendege kunofanirwa kusanganisira nzira yekushandisa panhandare yega yega yendege uye nzira nhatu dzakasiyana dzinoshandisa masisitimu ekufambisa.

Ronga zvinyorwa kuburikidza nekubhururuka nendege, chiitiko chekufananidzira, mudziyo wekudzidzisa, mudzidzisi, uye maitiro akapedzwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuziva kuti inguva ipi inoshanda uye kana nzira yega yega kana basa rakanyorwa. Chitupa chekutyaira ndege chakazvimirira uye kugadzirira ruzivo rwendege zvine chekuita nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekukodzera; hapana chimwe chinotsiva ruzivo rwekushandisa michina yakanyorwa. Kugona Chirungu zvakare chinodiwa kune munyoreri, kwete chikwereti chemaawa ekushandisa michina.

Pakudzidzira kwakarongeka kunoenderana nemitambo yendege nemidziyo nemaitiro ezvishandiso, ronga kudzidziswa kwekubhururuka kwezvishandiso nezvechiitiko chaive chichiri kudiwa.

Chikoro cheNdege USA: Chirongwa Chebasa Chemitengo Yakagadzika

Flight School USA inopa Chirongwa Chebasa Chemitengo Yakaganhurirwa kune vanoda kutyaira ndege vari kutsvaga basa rehunyanzvi rekufambisa ndege. Kana wangoongorora ruzivo rwezvishandiso, ruzivo, uye mwero wehunyanzvi, funga kuti chiyero ichi chinoenderana sei nezvinangwa zvako zvakakura zvekudzidzira. Isa zvinodiwa zvasara uchienzaniswa nezvitupa nekudzidziswa kwaunoronga kuita, pane kuona chiyero chezvishandiso sechinhu chakakosha.

Flight School USA inopawo CFI Fast Track Program, GI Bill Flight Training, M1 Visa Admission Services, uye Airline Ready Program. Sarudzo idzi dzinotarisa matanho akasiyana ebasa nemamiriro evadzidzi. Kana wagadzirira kukurukura zvinangwa zvako zvekudzidzira ndege nematanho anotevera, taura neFlight School USA.

Shandura Purogiramu Yako Yekudzidzisa Kuita Nzira Yebasa

Batanidza zvinodiwa pakuyera midziyo nebasa rekuedza rauri kuvaka. Sarudza kuti chiyero chacho chinoenderana papi nekudzidziswa kwako, wobva waona ruzivo nekugadzirira kwauchiri kuda. Hurongwa hwakajeka hunobatanidza sarudzo yega yega yekudzidziswa nekufambira mberi kwaunoda, pane kubata chitupa chega chega senzvimbo yakasiyana.

Flight School USA inopa Chirongwa Chebasa Chinopa Mutengo Wakatarwa chekudzidziswa kwakanangana nebasa, Chirongwa Chekukurumidza cheCFI, uye GI Bill Flight Training. Zvirongwa izvi zvinotarisa zvinangwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, saka funga kuti ndezvipi zvinonyatsoenderana nedanho rako rinotevera. Bata Flight School USA kuti ukurukure kuti zvinangwa zvako zvekudzidziswa zvinoenderana sei nezvirongwa izvi.

Bata Chikoro Chendege USA kuti mukurukure zvinangwa zvenyu zvendege nematanho anotevera. Rambai muchingwarira, uye itai kuti ndege yega yega ive yemutyairi waunoda kuva.

Mibvunzo Inonyanya Kubvunzwa

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti upedze kuyera zviridzwa?

Kosi yekumhanyisa midziyo inowanzo tora mazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri, asi nguva yako chaiyo inoenderana nekudzidziswa kakawanda, mamiriro ekunze, kupinda mundege, uye kugadzirira bvunzo inoshanda. Purogiramu yakatarisana inogona kuderedza mikaha pakati pezvidzidzo, nepo kudzidziswa kwakakanganiswa kungada kuongororwa kwakawedzerwa uye kudzidzira. Ruzivo rwako rwekutanga uye kugona kwako kusangana nemwero wega wega wekubhururuka zvinokanganisawo kumhanya. Ronga hunyanzvi hwakaratidzwa, kwete zuva rakatarwa rekarenda chete.

Chikamu 61 kana Chikamu 141?

Chikamu 61 chinopa nzira yekudzidzisa yakavakirwa pakuita zvinodiwa neruzivo rwakakodzera uye zvinodiwa zvekutsigirwa; Chikamu 141 chinotevera kosi yakatenderwa uye yakarongeka. Enzanisa kuti nzira yega yega inobata sei ruzivo rwako rwakanyorwa, kufambira mberi kwekosi, uye kudzidziswa kwekubhururuka kwasara. Semuenzaniso, mutyairi wendege ane nguva yakawanda yePIC yekuyambuka nyika anogona kuyera izvozvo zvakasiyana neanotanga mukati mehurongwa hwekosi yechikoro. Kukwana kwakanakisa kunoenderana nezvinyorwa zvako, zvaunofarira pakudzidziswa, uye hurongwa hwebasa.

Chii chinosanganisirwa nekuongorora zviridzwa?

Bvunzo inoshanda inoongorora kana uchikwanisa kuita mabasa echishandiso anodiwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa neFAA, kwete kungodzokorora maitiro chete. Iyo FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS inosanganisira kufamba, emergency-operation, uye mabasa ekushandisa chishandiso. Semuenzaniso, rimwe basa rekufamba rinotsanangura kumhanya kwemhepo mukati memapfundo gumi, kureba mukati memamita zana, uye misoro yakasarudzwa mukati memadhigirii gumi. Mabasa ekuita anoongororawo kuteverwa kwenhungamiro uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa neFAA kuti uwane chiyero chezviridzwa?

Kuti vakwanise kuwana chiyero chemidziyo yendege, vanonyorera vanofanira kuva nechitupa chekutyaira ndege chakakodzera, ruzivo rwemuchadenga uye magwaro ekutsigira, ruzivo rwekubhururuka rwunofanirwa, uye bvunzo yekushanda. Vanonyorera vanofanira kunge vaine makore gumi nemanomwe zvichikwira uye vachikwanisa kuverenga, kutaura, kunyora, uye kunzwisisa Chirungu. Usati waronga rwendo rwekutarisa, ronga bhuku rako rekuongorora nechikamu chendege, nguva yePIC yekuyambuka nyika, kudzidziswa kwevarairidzi, uye ruzivo rwechokwadi kana rwekutevedzera rwemidziyo kuti uone chero misiyano iripo yekukodzera.

Maawa mangani ekufamba nendege anodiwa kuti pave nechiyero chezviridzwa pasi peFAR Part 61?

Pasi pemutemo we14 CFR 61.65, vanonyorera vanofanira kunyora maawa makumi mana enguva chaiyo kana kuti yakaedzwa yemidziyo munzvimbo dzakatarwa dzekushanda. Kune chiyero chemidziyo nendege, chinodiwa chekufamba nenyika maawa makumi mashanu semutyairi wendege, kusanganisira maawa gumi mundege. Aya mapoka akasiyana ezviitiko, saka usatore nguva yePIC yekuyambuka nyika sechinotsiva nguva yemidziyo. Ongorora gwaro rega rega relogbook kuti uone chikamu charo uye chinangwa charo.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pabvunzo yeFAA instrument rating uye mapoinzi ekupasa?

Bvunzo yeFAA Instrument Rating-Airplane knowledge ine mibvunzo makumi matanhatu ine mhinduro dzakasiyana, 70% yekupasa, uye nguva inogumira maawa maviri. Pasi peChikamu 61, vanonyorera vanoda rutsigiro rwemudzidzisi vasati vanyora bvunzo. Mhedzisiro yekupasa inoshanda kwemwedzi makumi maviri nemana, saka gadzirisa kugadzirira bvunzo nekuronga bvunzo. Mushure mebvunzo dzekudzidzira, ongorora musoro wega wega wausina kupasa uye tsanangura mutemo uripo kana maitiro echishandiso nemashoko ako pachako.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakuyedzwa kwezvishandiso uye zviyero zveACS?

Bvunzo rekushandisa rinoongorora mashandiro aro zvichienderana neFAA Instrument Rating-Airplane ACS, kusanganisira mabasa echishandiso anodiwa uye kuita sarudzo. Pabasa rakatarwa, gwara rakamira nerekumativi rinofanira kuramba riri mukati me¾-scale pachikamu chekupedzisira chenzira. Basa rakatarwa renzira isina kunyatsojeka rinoda kuti kureba, kana zvichibvira, kurambe kuri pamusoro peMDA +100/-0 tsoka kusvika panzvimbo yekudzika kana nzira isina kujeka. Gadzirira nekudzidzira basa rega rega reACS uye kuongorora kushivirira kwaro.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakuyera zviridzwa pasi peChikamu 141 zvichienzaniswa neChikamu 61?

Chikamu 141 chinoda maawa angangoita makumi matatu nemashanu ekudzidziswa kubhururuka kuti chive nechiyero chekutanga chemidziyo, nepo Chikamu 61 chichishandisa zvinodiwa neruzivo zvinosanganisira maawa makumi mana enguva chaiyo kana kuti yakaedzwa. Chikamu 141 chekukodzera bvunzo yekushanda hachidi maawa makumi mashanu enguva yePIC yekuyambuka nyika inoshanda pasi peChikamu 61. Enzanisa bhuku rako renhoroondo nenzira yawakasarudza usati wadzidziswa, kunyanya kana uine ruzivo rwakawanda kunze kwekosi yakarongwa.