Zvikamu zvendege uye zvikamu zvendege zvinochengeta ndege dzichibhururuka kumusoro
Somutyairi wendege, ndinozviziva ndoga kuti zvakakosha sei kunyatsonzwisisa zvikamu zvose zvinoumba ndege. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza ndege kuti ibhururuke zvakachengeteka uye nemazvo. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvendege, mashandiro adzo, nemabatiro adzo pakudzora nekuchengetedzeka kwendege.
Nhanganyaya kune Zvikamu Zvendege uye Kukosha Kwazvo
Chikoro chekubhururuka ndege inoumbwa nezviuru zvenhengo imwe neimwe, uye chimwe nechimwe chinoshanda basa rinokosha. Zvikamu izvi zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti ndege irambe ichibhururuka zvakachengeteka uye zvakanaka. Kunzwisisa basa rechikamu chimwe nechimwe kwakakosha kune vatyairi vendege, makanika, uye chero munhu ane chekuita nendege.
Chimwe chezvikamu zvakakosha zvendege yekubhururuka ndege ndeye fuselage. Iyi ndiyo mutumbi mukuru wendege, uye inogara imba yevatyairi, kabhini yevafambi, uye inotakura zvinhu. Iyo fuselage inoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana, kusanganisira ganda, mafuremu, uye tambo. Ganda ndiro chikamu chekunze chefuselage, uye chinobatsira kupa chimiro uye chimiro chendege. Mafuremu uye tambo nhengo dzemaitiro dzinobatsira kutsigira ganda uye kugovera huremu hwendege.
Iyo Ndege Fuselage uye Zvikamu zvayo
Sezvambotaurwa, fuselage ndiyo mutumbi mukuru wendege, uye inoumbwa nezvikamu zvakawanda. Ganda, mafuremu, uye tambo zvinoshanda pamwechete kupa chimiro uye chimiro chendege. Ganda rinowanzo gadzirwa nealuminium kana zvinhu zvinosanganiswa uye ndiro rekunze refuselage. Mafuremu inhengo dzakamira dzakamira dzinopa tsigiro yeganda, nepo tambo dziri nhengo dzakachinjika dzinobatsira kugovera huremu hwendege.
Iwo mahwindo nemagonhi zvakare zvakakosha zvikamu zve fuselage. Mahwindo anopa chiedza chepanyama uye anobvumira vashandi nevafambi kuti vaone kunze kwendege, nepo mikova ichipa mukana wekupinda mukati mendege. Mabudiro echimbichimbi anowanikwawo pafuselage uye akagadzirirwa kupa kukurumidza uye kwakachengeteka kubuda kana pane emergency.
Iyo yekumhara giya chimwe chinhu chakakosha che fuselage. Iyo giya yekumhara ine basa rekutsigira huremu hwendege panguva yekusimuka nekumhara uye inobatsira kubata kuvhunduka kwekumhara.
Kunzwisisa Ailerons uye Basa ravo muKudzora Ndege
Ailerons inzvimbo dzekutonga dziri pamapapiro endege. Iwo ailerons ane basa rekudzora roll yendege. Mutyairi wendege paanofambisa joko kuruboshwe kana kurudyi, maailerons anokwira kana pasi, zvichiita kuti ndege iumburuke ichienda kwainoda.
Maailerons anoshanda nekuwedzera kusimudza kune rimwe bapiro uye kuderedza kusimudza kune rimwe bapiro, zvichiita kuti ndege ifambe. Maailerons anogara achishandiswa ari maviri, imwe pabapiro rimwe nerimwe, uye anoshandiswa nemutyairi kuburikidza nejoko rekutonga.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise basa reailerons mukudzora ndege, sezvo vachiita basa rakakosha mukufambisa ndege panguva yekubhururuka. Kuchengetedza kwakanaka uye kushanda kweailerons kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka.
Vertical uye Horizontal Stabilizers uye Basa ravo
Zvitsigiso zvakadzika uye zvakachinjika zvinhu zvakakosha zvechikamu chemuswe wendege. Iyo vertical stabilizer inopa kugadzikana muyaw axis, nepo yakachinjika stabilizer ichipa kugadzikana mupitch axis.
The vertical stabilizer is the vertical fin iri kuseri kwendege, ukuwo horizontal stabilizer ndiro bapiro rakachinjika riri pamuswe wendege. Chidzoreso chinonamirwa kune chinodzikamisa uye chinoshandiswa kudzora kudzika kwendege, nepo lift inonamirwa kune yakachinjika stabilizer uye inoshandiswa kudzora kukwira kwendege.
Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera uye kushanda kwezvigadziro zvakakosha kuti ndege yakachengeteka uye ibudirire. Iwo anodzikamisa akakosha mukuchengetedza kugadzikana uye kutonga kwendege panguva yekubhururuka.
Flaps uye Impact yavo paSimudza uye Dhonza
Flaps iri pamucheto wekutevera wemapapiro uye inoshandiswa kuwedzera kusimudza uye kudhonza kwendege panguva yekusimuka uye kumhara. Mipendero inowedzerwa panguva yekusimuka uye kumhara kuti iwedzere kusimudza kwendege, ichiibvumira kusimuka uye kumhara nekumhanya kwakaderera.
Kana zviputi zvakawedzerwa, zvinowedzerawo kudhonza kwendege, iyo inobatsira kuidzikisa pasi panguva yekumhara. Kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemaflaps kwakakosha pakusimuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka uye kumhara.
Cowling uye Basa rayo mukudzivirira Injini
Mhou ndiyo inovhara kunze kweinjini uye yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza injini kubva pakukuvadzwa. Mhou yacho inobatsirawo kunanga mafambiro emhepo pamusoro peinjini, izvo zvinobatsira kuitonhodza.
Iyo cowling inowanzo gadzirwa nealuminium kana composite zvinhu uye yakagadzirirwa kuve nyore kubviswa pakugadzirisa uye kuongororwa. Kuchengetedza uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemombe kwakakosha kuti injini irambe ichishanda zvakanaka uye zvakanaka.
Kuuya IO360 Injini uye Yayo Makiyi Zvimiro
Injini yeLycoming IO360 iine-cylinder, fuel-injection injini inowanzoshandiswa mukudzidzira ndege, kureva Cessna Beechcraft nePiper ndege. Injini inobereka 180 horsepower uye inozivikanwa nekuvimbika kwayo uye kushanda kwayo.
Iyo IO360 injini yakagadzirirwa kuve nyore kuchengetedza uye inozivikanwa nekuderera kwayo kwekushandisa mari. Injini yendege inozivikanwa zvakare nekushanda kwayo kwakanyarara uye kwakanyarara, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira pakati pevatyairi.
Kugadzirisa kwakaringana uye kushanda kweinjini yeIO360 kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Kugara uchiongorora uye kugadzirisa zvinoenderana neFederal Aviation Administration mirau inodiwa kuti injini irambe ichimhanya zvakanaka uye nemazvo.
Kudzora Cable Cable uye Kukosha Kwekuchengetedza Kwakakodzera
Ndege tambo dzekutonga dzinoshandiswa kushandisa dzakasiyana siyana dzekudzora nzvimbo dzendege, kusanganisira ailerons, rudder, uye lifti. Tambo dzacho dzinowanzoitwa nesimbi yakasimba-yakasimba kana zvinhu zvinoumbwa uye dzakagadzirirwa kuva dzakasimba uye dzinogara kwenguva refu.
Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera kwetambo kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Tambo dzacho dzinofanira kugara dzichiongororwa kuti hadzina kubvaruka here, uye chero tambo dzinenge dzaparara dzinofanira kuchinjwa nekukasika.
Ndege Yoke uye Mashandiro Ainoita neKudzora Nzvimbo
The ndege joko ndicho chinhu chikuru chekudzora chinoshandiswa nemutyairi kubhururutsa ndege. Joko riri mu cockpit uye rinoshandiswa kudzora akasiyana siyana ekudzora nzvimbo dzendege, kusanganisira ailerons, rudder, uye elevator.
Joko rinoshanda nekufambisa mafambiro emutyairi wendege kunzvimbo yekudzora kuburikidza netambo dzakatevedzana nemapulleys. Iyo joko rinoshandiswawo kudzora throttle uye mamwe injini kudzora.
Kushandisa zvakanaka uye kushanda kwejoko kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kudzidziswa nemashandisirwo ejoko uye vanofanirwa kutevedzera ese akakodzera maitiro nemaprotocol.
Musanganiswa Wendege uye Kuti Inobata Sei Injini Kuita
Musanganiswa wendege ireshiyo yemafuta kumhepo inopihwa muinjini. Musanganiswa unogadziriswa zvichienderana nehupamhi uye zvimwe zvinhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita injini.
Musanganiswa unofanirwa kunyatsogadziriswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti injini iri kushanda zvakanaka uye kuti hapana njodzi yekukuvadzwa kweinjini kana kutadza. Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera kwemusanganiswa wekutonga system kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka.
Ndege Magnetos uye Basa ravo muIgnition
Magineti endege anoshandiswa kugadzira iyo yakakwira voltage inodiwa kupisa mafuta muinjini. Iwo magineti akazvimirira pamagetsi endege uye akagadzirirwa kupa kwakavimbika sosi yekubatidza.
Kugadzirisa kwakakodzera uye kuongororwa kwemagineti kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Chero magineti akakuvadzwa kana kusashanda anofanira kutsiviwa nekukasira.
Ndege Carburetor Heat uye Impact yayo paInjini Kubudirira
The aircraft carburetor heat inoshandiswa kudzivirira ice kubva pakuumbwa mu carburetor panguva yekubhururuka. Ice mu carburetor inogona kukonzera injini kumira, izvo zvinogona kuva nengozi panguva yekubhururuka.
Kushandiswa kwakakodzera uye kuchengetedza carburetor heat system kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kudzidziswa zvakanaka mukushandiswa kweiyo carburetor heat system uye vanofanirwa kutevedzera ese akakodzera maitiro uye mapuroteni.
Kunzwisisa Mabhureki Endege uye Kuchengeta Yakakodzera Brake Tembiricha
Mabhureki zvinhu zvakakosha zvegiya rekumhara uye anoshandiswa kudzikisira ndege panguva yekumhara nekukwira tekisi. Mabhureki anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka uye kuongororwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti ari kushanda nemazvo uye tembiricha yebhureki iri mukati memiganhu yakachengeteka.
Overheated mabhureki anogona kukanganisa giya rekumhara uye inogona kuve njodzi yekuchengetedza. Kunyatsogadzirisa uye kuongorora mabhureki kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka.
Fly-by-Wire Systems uye Impact yavo paKudzora Ndege
Fly-by-waya masisitimu ihunyanzvi hutsva hunoshandisa masaini emagetsi kudzora nzvimbo dzekudzora ndege. Fly-by-waya masisitimu ane akawanda mabhenefiti pamusoro pechinyakare matambo ekudzora, kusanganisira kuwedzera kuvimbika uye kushanda nesimba.
Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera uye kushanda kwefly-by-waya masisitimu kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kudzidziswa nemazvo mashandisirwo enhunzi-ne-waya masisitimu uye vanofanirwa kutevedzera zvese zvakafanira maitiro nemaprotocol.
Ndege Turbines uye Kushandiswa Kwazvo Mundege Dzazvino
Maturbine endege injini dzine simba dzinoshandiswa mundege dzemazuva ano. Turbines anoshandiswa kupa iyo yakakwirira inodiwa pakusimuka uye kufamba.
Turbines dzinozivikanwa nekuvimbika uye kushanda nesimba, uye dzakashandura nzira dzemazuva ano dzekubhururuka. Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera uye kushanda kwematurbine kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka.
Kukosha Kwendege Inobuda Mumhepo Nemashandisirwo Ayo
Mhepo inobuda mundege imhepo yakamanikidzwa inotorwa kubva muinjini uye inoshandiswa kusimbisa masisitimu akasiyana-siyana mundege, kusanganisira magadzirirwo emhepo uye masystems. Mhepo inobuda ropa yakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakasununguka, uye kuchengetedza kwakaringana kwemhepo inobuda ropa kwakakosha.
Ndege APU uye Basa rayo muKubatsira Simba
Iyo ndege APU idiki turbine injini inoshandiswa kupa simba rekubatsira ndege kana injini huru dzisiri kushanda. Iyo APU inoshandiswa kuita masimba masisitimu akadai semhepo inofefetera uye magetsi masisitimu.
Kugadzirisa kwakakodzera uye kushanda kwe APU kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Iyo APU inofanirwa kugara ichiongororwa uye kuchengetwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti iri kushanda nemazvo.
Kukwidzwa kweZvishandiso Zvinosanganiswa muNdege Itsva
Composite zvinhu tekinoroji itsva iri kuramba ichizivikanwa mundege dzemazuva ano. Zvinhu zvakaumbwa zvakareruka, zvinogara, uye zvakasimba, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka kushandiswa mundege.
Zvinhu zvakaumbwa zvinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzendege, kusanganisira fuselage, mapapiro, uye nzvimbo dzekutonga. Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera uye kuongororwa kwezvikamu zvakaumbwa zvakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka.
Mhedziso: Basa Rakakosha reZvikamu zveNdege muKuchengetedza Kwendege
Mukupedzisa, kunzwisisa basa rechikamu chimwe nechimwe chendege kwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza ndege kuti ibhururuke zvakachengeteka uye nemazvo. Kuchengetedza uye kuongororwa kwakakodzera kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chiri kushanda nemazvo uye kuti hapana njodzi yekukundikana kana kukuvadzwa.
Sevatyairi vendege, makanika, uye nyanzvi dzekubhururuka nendege, ibasa redu kuona kuti chikamu chese chendege chinochengetedzwa nekuongororwa nemazvo. Nokuita kudaro, tinogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti tiri kubhururuka zvakanaka uye kuti tiri kuita zvose zvatinogona kudzivirira tsaona uye kuchengetedza vatakuri vedu nevashandi.
